Regions Of India Research Articles

“Morphological study of Human Placentas of Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Mothers in Indore region”

“Morphological study of Human Placentas of Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Mothers in Indore region”

Southernmost limit of felsic magmatism along North Almora Thrust in the Himalayan domain

We present significant findings of the Kausani Granite Gneiss within the Inner Lesser Himalayan Sedimentary Zone (iLHSZ) just north of the North Almora Thrust (NAT). The Kausani Granite Gneiss body lies within the quartzite of the Someshwar Formation and has a tectonized contact and a discordant relationship on the north side. Detailed seismic profiling across the body also confirms a similar result. Cathodoluminescence images of zircon from the Kausani body show no inheritance of older cores. The U–Pb ages from the zircon populations separated from the Kausani body give a crystallization age of 1866 ± 3 Ma. Along with the Upalda granite gneiss and Toneta granite gneiss near the Alakhnanda Thrust in the Garhwal Himalaya and the Dungeshwari granite gneiss near the Dailekh Thrust in Nepal, the Kausani Granite Gneiss north of NAT Kumaun Himalaya forms a major terrain boundary. These gneissic bodies mark the southernmost extent of felsic magmatism at NAT, rather than the Main Central Thrust. An about 1.8 billion years‐old magmatic event in the LHSZ suggests that it is a currently active continental margin inside the ‘Greater India’ region, now situated in the Himalayan domain. However, the Pb‐loss modelling of the U–Pb zircon data reveals thermal events during the Himalayan Orogeny (~45 Ma).

Identification of the EMII-type mantle end-member of the Kerguelen mantle plume and its implications for the initial breakup of eastern Gondwana: New constraints from the Cretaceous diabase in the Tethyan Himalaya

The breakup of eastern Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous has been well-documented. However, the relationship between Cretaceous mafic magma and the Kerguelen mantle plume has not been well-constrained. It is also unknown if the Kerguelen mantle plume in the Tethyan Himalaya played a key role in triggering the breakup of eastern Gondwana. The petrogenesis and geodynamic processes of the coeval magmatism in the Tethyan Himalaya might provide value insights into this issue. In this study, we conducted petrological, geochronological, and geochemical investigations on a recently identified diabase from the Yamdrok Lake. The diabase contains zircon grains with a U-Pb age of 138 ± 8 Ma, suggesting the emplacement at the Early Cretaceous. Geochemically, the studied samples display OIB-like trace elemental features that are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) but no significant depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs), such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. Furthermore, they have relatively uniform Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic compositions with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios varying from 0.70563 to 0.70623, εNd(t) and εHf(t) values range from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1.0–2.4, respectively, whole-rock δ18O values of 6.42 ‰ to 7.50 ‰, and (208Pb/204Pb)i = 38.995 ∼ 39.285, (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.673 ∼ 15.698, and (206Pb/204Pb)i = 18.689 ∼ 18.914, similar to an EMII-type enriched mantle. And recycled shallow continental crustal materials into the OIB-like mantle source might account for the EMII-type mantle features observed in this study. Considering the Kerguelen mantle plume locating beneath the triple junction of Australia, Antarctica, and Greater India, we propose that the mafic rocks in this study might be genetically related to the early activity or even initiation of the Kerguelen plume during the Early Cretaceous. Our study further indicates that the Kerguelen mantle plume contains EMI- and EMII-type isotopic compositions, which are characterized by geochemical complexity and variation.

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF GOOGLE PAY UPI PAYMENT APPS

Digitization and Go cashless scheme has been extensively pushed by the Indian government to regularize and smoothen the cash transaction after demonetization. The demonetization consequences give extraordinary growth in digital payment such as E-banking, Mobile banking, Card transaction etc. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is one of the fastest growing digital payment system through which a user can both send and receive money through a Virtual Payment Address (VPA). Uniqueness of UPI over other digital payment methods like 24*7 and 365 days availability, Easy and convenient to use and secure gateway attracts the customers of service sector. This research was mainly focused to study the customer perception (service sector) towards the awareness and adoption of UPI systems in Indore region. For this research primary data was collected through structured Questionnaire contains 5 point likert scale from service sector and secondary Data collected from Government Reports, Website etc. This research concludes with aspects of awareness and adoption of UPI through comparison between gender, age and occupational data of customers. The results of this study add to our knowledge about acceptation of UPI and its usefulness in cashless and immediate transactions that influence young male customers who belongs to service sectors. The research concluded that customer of service sector is more swing towards the adoption of UPI and there is significant difference found male and female customers towards the adoption and use of UPI.

Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection for Indore District of Malwa Plateau Region Using Supervised Machine Learning

The main aim of this work is to find out LULC classes for the Indore region. For the last seven years, Indore has been crowned the cleanest city in India according to the latest ranking of 2023. In the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, the city and district of Indore are situated on the southern edge of the Malwa plateau. The municipalities of the Indore district majorly cover Manpur, Depalpur, Goutampura, Mhow, Hatod, Betma, Rau and Sanwer, with an area of approximately 3900 square kilometers. In contrast, Indore covers a land area of approximately 530 square kilometres. It is in charge of the nation’s slow but steady industrialization and population growth found in the last three decades. The city was much smaller and had a far smaller population thirty years ago. However, to evaluate the changes and decide on Indore city's future planning, Indore has taken over responsibility for the city's economic activities in recent years. New appropriate patterns should be recommended based on local factors like topography characteristics. The satellite image with multiple spectrums was used for the investigation. ArcGIS is based on pixel-by-pixel supervised classification using the maximum likelihood approach of Landsat satellite images from 2003 and 2023. The ground area, agriculture, and urbanization are linked to the LULC features. The various categories of classified land use and land cover features include the area of built-up regions, water bodies, cropland, forest, and barren land taken to predict the broad changes. Remotely sensed Landsat 5 images of 2003 and 8 images of 2023 were utilized to identify changes to accomplish this goal. This work clarifies the comparison of LULC classes for the Indore region.

Thermal and Physical Properties of Barrovian Metamorphic Sequence Rocks in the Ailao Shan‐Red River Shear Zone, and Implications for Crustal Channel Flow

AbstractThe collisional history between Greater India and the Eurasian plate has been well constrained by the study of exhumed Barrovian metamorphic sequence (BMS) rocks in the Himalayan Range. However, in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, the collisional records have been obscured by intense, regional‐scale strike‐slip overprinting and recrystallization. Here, in BMS rocks from the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone (ARSZ), we report the first discovery of a >250 km long, high‐pressure (high‐P) granulite belt (>1.0 GPa), identified by the presence of relict kyanite and associated decompression reaction textures. Petrological phase equilibrium modeling showed that exposed micaschists in the region represent exhumed middle crust (20–25 km, 600–670°C), while the high‐P granulite rocks are remnants of thickened lower crust (45–55 km, 800–850°C). This indicates that the northeast edge of the ARSZ experienced an additional ∼25 km of uplift and exhumation compared to the southwest side, facilitated by brittle thrusting/imbrication along the Ailao Shan fault (micaschists) and ductile extrusion along the Red River fault (granulite). Geochronological study shows that the upper portion of the BMS preserves older metamorphic ages (52–34 Ma) than the lower portion (32–29 Ma), which was attributed to spatial variation in cooling rates. Using calculated P–T–t–d paths, we also examined variation in density and seismic wave speeds for BMS in the ARSZ. Our data correlate with fieldwork conducted elsewhere within the Himalayan Range indicating that the kyanite to sillimanite transition zone may serve as a “cap” for the horizontal migration of melt within the lower crust.

Early dextral shear motion during the breakup of East Gondwana documented in clastic dykes in the Tethys Himalaya

Much of the geological record of the northern Indian passive continental margin has been lost due to erosion or obscured due to tectonic burial associated with the India-Eurasia collision. Consequently, tectonic models of India's breakup from East Gondwana incorporate limited data from the northern margin of Greater India. We present evidence of the Late Jurassic clastic dykes crosscutting contemporaneous sedimentary sequences in the Tethys Himalaya. We propose that the original orientation of the clastic dykes provides kinematic information about Greater India's breakup from East Gondwana. The clastic dykes are meters to hundreds of meters long and centimeters to meters wide. They taper downwards and crosscut country rocks at high angles. The clastic dykes and their host strata are quartzose sandstones and share similar textures and detrital zircon age populations (dominantly 600–500 Ma and 1000–800 Ma zircon grains). These similarities indicate the clastic dykes and their host rocks share a common source as well as comparable transport and deposition dynamics. Notably, the clastic dykes lack distinct signs of ptygmatic folds, shale/mudrock clasts, surface orientated structures, or bifurcations on dyke margins. Decompaction and structural restoration of the sequences show that the sandstone dykes/fractures and en échelon dyke arrays can be classified into three distinct orientation groups NW (349° − 295°), SW (∼210°) and NE (∼40°). There is no apparent difference in the age or provenance of the clastic material within the different orientation groups. We propose that the clastic dykes signify passively infilled tensile fractures formed within a NW-SE dextral strike-slip megashear system during the Late Jurassic. This system likely developed in a transform zone within Greater India prior to the separation of the Indian Plate from East Gondwana.

Studies on Selection Indices for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Improvement Using Interrelationship and Path Analysis under Sub-Tropical Conditions of Indore Region

In Rabi 2022–2023 at Central Research Farm, Oriental University Indore, Madhya Pradesh, twenty varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used in this investigation, which was conducted using an RBD design with three replications. Thirteen quantitative characters were used to record data in order to study the relationships and path analysis between the characters. Correlation studies showed that biomass yield (0.891**, 0.511**), number of grains per spike (0.844**, 0.538**), and thousand seed weight (0.544**, 0.359**) exhibited significant positive correlation with grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Based on mean performance, JW 3020 (343.687 g) displayed the highest grain yield per running meter. At both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, the characters such as days to maturity (-0.473**, -0.609**) showed a negative correlation with grain yield per running meter. Path analysis showed that characters such as days to maturity (-0.005, -0.0055) had negative direct effects on grain yield per running meter at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, and characters like number of grains per spike (0.835, 0.035), biomass yield (0.71, 0.765), and harvest index (0.089, 0.598) had direct positive effects on grain yield per running meter at both genotypic and phenotypic levels.

Meditation matters: The politics and networks of yoga and spiritual reform between Indonesia, India and the West, 1900s–1970s

ABSTRACTStarting from sites of yogic and Buddhist learning connecting Indonesia and India this article explores the politics, practices, transformation, dissemination and uses of knowledge on yoga and meditation in late colonial and postcolonial Indonesia, and their relation to moral geographies of Greater India. It follows, across (violent) regime changes, the trajectories of learning of a number of self-made experts and entrepreneurs in this field who were also involved in the postcolonial Buddhist reform movement in Indonesia: the Chinese Indonesians Souw Tjiang Poh (b.1929), better known, also as yoga guru, under his Buddhist name Yogamurti; and his meditation teacher, Tee Boan An (1923–2002), who, as Ashin Jinarakkhita, is more famous as motor behind the Buddhist reform movement in Indonesia from the 1950s onwards. Yogamurti's and Tee Boan An's histories of ‘yogic’ transformation reach back to ‘alternative’ spiritual reform trajectories of the Theosophical Society of late colonial times, and continue, across decolonization and the violent regime change of 1965, to those of the hippie trail of the 1970s. These spiritual and ‘Indic’ religious revivalist entrepreneurs provide alternative perspectives to the grand narratives of political history, yoga, ‘Indian religion’ or ‘Greater India’. Across regime changes, their paths crossed and they exchanged knowledge, thereby changing and reshaping social hierarchies as they moved within an ‘alternative present’ in which spirituality seemed a way to move forward to ‘alternative futures’.

Assessment of Total Vehicular Pollution Load & PM10 on Manglia Corridor at Asian Highway 47 Indore Region

Abstract: RSPM (PM 10) ,Total Vehicular Pollution load has been simultaneously measured during the winter months of November & December 2022 at on Asian Highway 47 at Indore city which are Manglia Corridor . Sampling was conducted with the help of respirable dust sampler & followed by CPCB norms. The comparisons between lowest and highest PM10 concentrations has been conducted on the basis of peak hours and none peak hours . The lowest RSPM has been observed in morning time at IDTL Toll Manglia that is 103.17µg/m3 and highest in morning that is 156.06 µg/m3 . On the other end the RSPM concentration at IDTL Toll Manglia have been observed 190.82 µg/m3 as lowest and 168.58 µg/m3 as highest concentration in evening and on the basis of number of vehicles ply the total vehicular pollution load has been calculated.

“From Attock to Cuttack and from Kashmir to Kanyakumari:” Understanding Akhand Bharat in terms of Ontological Security

With the rise of Hindu Nationalist-populist forces in India, much academic research has been generated on both the ideological contours within which the Hindu right operates (Anderson and Longkumer, 2019; Basu, 2017; Jafferlot, 1999; Nussbaum, 2009), and similarly, much commentary has been written on the organizational formidability and workings of the Hindu right-wing networks in India in one form or another (Pal, 2022; Minni, 2018; Thachil, 2014). This paper sets itself apart from these two types of literature in its attempt to understand the theoretical nature of the kind of idea it promotes in the form of metaphorical ‘goods’ that provide a sense of ontological security or security to the sense of self. The context in which this paper deals with the concept of ontological security is through the idea of Akhand Bharat (undivided or greater India) that Hindu Nationalist organizations sell as goods. ‘Goods’ here broadly can be considered as a commodity packed in the form of an idea that is promoted through various means.

The evolution of Kerguelen mantle plume and breakup of eastern Gondwana: New insights from multistage Cretaceous magmatism in the Tethyan Himalaya

The relationship between the breakup of eastern Gondwana and Kerguelen mantle plume remains extremely controversial. The crucial conundrum is that when and where the Kerguelen mantle plume initially formed and its evolutionary history are unclear. In this paper, we report the oldest Cretaceous bimodal magmatism (144–140 Ma) associated with the Kerguelen mantle plume from the Comei large igneous province in the Tethyan Himalaya. The mafic rocks are dominated by oceanic island basalt (OIB)-like dykes with occasional normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB)-like intrusions, while the felsic rocks show A-type granites affinities. Our results suggest that the > 140 Ma bimodal magmatism was clearly a response to early Kerguelen plume activity, and the Kerguelen plume initially formed underneath the Tethyan Himalaya but not the triple junction between Australia, Antarctica, and Greater India. We argue that the Cretaceous magmatism associated with the Kerguelen plume in the Tethyan Himalaya can be divided into three pulses of ca.141 Ma, ca.132 Ma, and ca.117 Ma, which correspond to vertical underplating, continuous ascent, and a southward migration process, respectively. Moreover, we propose that the multistage OIB-like magmas in the Tethyan Himalaya are mainly the products of interactions between the lower crust and mantle plume, while the contribution of the lithospheric mantle is negligible. This proposal implies that the lithosphere was significantly thinned before ca.141 Ma, and the Kerguelen plume had been incubating underneath the Tethyan Himalaya prior to this. Our findings suggest that the Kerguelen plume may not have been the trigger for the initial breakup of eastern Gondwana, but was complementary to the later complete breakup process. We also innovatively consider that the northward dragging and slab-pull forces caused by the Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean may have played an active role in the evolution of the Kerguelen plume and the breakup of eastern Gondwana.

FiWi network planning for WiFi enabled gram panchayats of India: A frame work using component placement optimization

Fiber Wireless (FiWi) access network consists of high speed passive optical network (PON) at back end and wireless mesh network at front end. It is emerging as the most prominent access network due to its inherent feature. It may provide fast Internet services at minimum possible cost. Many of the villages of the India are still not connected with high speed network hence the present paper provides FiWi network planning for creating the Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) enabled villages (Gram Panchayats) of India. The main aim of the paper is to deploy the cost effective FiWi network to provide the faster internet services at reasonable prices to the users of the gram panchayat (GP) in India. The area of the GP and the user’s location in particular GP is taken as input for network planning. The proposed planning provides the optimized position of wireless routers and Optical Network Units (ONUs) in terms of latitude and longitude. For optimizing position of wireless router and ONUs, we propose to use customized Slime Mould algorithm (SMA). We considered four gram panchayats of Indore region of India to make them WiFi enabled using FiWi access network. The customized SMA algorithm provides the best possible position and number of wireless routers and ONUs to connect all the users of gram panchayat. Beside, the total fiber length from the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) to all the ONUs and total cost estimation is also given to create the complete network.

Perspective of Nursing Officers towards their Preferred Profession in India

Introduction: The performance of nurses has a substantial impact on patient outcomes and professional development. The perspective towards the job and the nursing profession has a direct impact on professional commitment. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of nurses towards their preferred profession. Methods: A total of 572 nursing officers from all four of India's regions – the East, West, North and South–were included in a cross-sectional descriptive study. The samples were contacted by WhatsApp, e-mail and telegram by sharing the SurveyMonkey app-created survey link. The questionnaire includes a 5-point Likert scale to assess the nursing officers' perspectives on a total of 20 statements regarding their perception. The subjects were asked to fill out the informed consent before the study started. Results: The majority of the nursing officers (69.1%) had favourable perspectives and only 1/3rd of the subjects (30.9%) had unfavourable perspectives towards their preferred profession. The years of experience had a significant association with levels of perspective (P = 0.016) tested by Chi-square. Multiple logistic regression showed geographic region had a significant influence on the level of perspective (P = 0.027; 95% confidence interval: 1.059–2.622). Conclusion: The nursing officers had favourable perspectives towards the chosen profession and geographic region is the influencing factor on levels of perspective. To increase personal and professional development, efforts must be taken to reduce the influencing factor and barriers that affect the nursing officer's perspectives.

Evaluation of millet proteins consumed in Indore region: Protein analysis and its digestibility assays

Evaluation of millet proteins consumed in Indore region: Protein analysis and its digestibility assays

Global intellectual history in International Relations: Hierarchy, empire, and the case of late colonial Indian international thought

AbstractThe Eurocentric critique of the International Relations discipline has brought welcome attention to non-European international thinkers, and anti-colonial or anti-imperial thinkers in particular. Frequently these thinkers and associated movements are rightly described in thematic terms of emancipation, equality, and justice, in opposition to the hierarchical worldview of empires and their acolytes. Notwithstanding the broad validity of this depiction, a purely oppositional picture risks obscuring those aspects of ‘non-European’ international thought that evade simple categorisation. Drawing upon archival material and historical works, this article applies approaches offered by global intellectual history to the works of late colonial Indian international thinkers, exploring the mixed registers of equality and hierarchy, internationalism and imperialism present in their writings. Concentrating on three ‘sites’ connected by the common themes of diaspora and mobility: the plight of Indians overseas in East Africa; the concept of ‘greater India’; and the international political thought of Benoy Kumar Sarkar, the article complicates the internationalism/imperialism divide of the early twentieth century, showing how ostensibly opposed scholarly communities sometimes competed over similar forms of knowledge and ways of ordering the world. This offers a framework by which the contributions of global intellectual history can be applied to the study of international political thought.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Vegetables and their Associated Health Risk through the consumption of Vegetables in the National Capital Region, India

Evaluation of the heavy metals concentration in the vegetables growing in the national capital region ofIndia was done in the present study. A total of 96 samples of vegetables were collected from the selectedstudy area during the summer season and were analyzed for heavy metals contamination by atomicabsorption spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of heavy metal (mg/kg) in the vegetable sampleswas in the following order: Fe > Al >Mn> Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni >Pb> Cd > Co with the average concentrationsof 260.26, 149.70, 32.59, 29.10, 17.18, 3.97, 1.45, 1.38, 0.27, and 0.10 respectively. The statistical analysissupported the formation of two primary clusters i.e. Al-Fe-Cr-Ni and Pb-Zn, indicating their commonsource of origin. Most of the vegetable samples exceeded the permissible limit of heavy metals prescribedby the Food and agricultural organization/ World health organization (FAO/WHO) standards. The totaltarget hazard quotient was greater than 1 for all types of vegetables, indicating appreciable health risk dueto the consumption of these vegetables in the study area.

Metamorphic densification can account for the missing felsic crust of the Greater Indian continent

The long-duration, fast convergence, and imbalance of crustal mass in the India-Asia collisional system challenge the classical rules of continental dynamics. Here, we calculate the mass deficit of felsic crust in Greater India indicating ~20–47% of the felsic crust is missing during collision. Phase equilibria modeling and density calculations demonstrate the pressure-temperature-dependent density of felsic crust is denser than the surrounding mantle at P > 7–8 GPa. Integrated petrological-thermo-mechanical models and analytical studies of the slab-pull forces confirm the Greater Indian continent with its felsic crust can subduct spontaneously under its own negative buoyancy when it is dragged to >170 km by the preceding oceanic slab. The great slab-pull force, induced by the negative buoyancy of subducted crust below 170 km, not only contributes to the long-lasting fast convergence between India and Asia but also explains the crustal mass imbalance during the Himalayan orogeny.

Indic Elements in Indonesian Arts and Literature: Shared Heritage Between India and Indonesia

Indic-Belt or the Greater India is the geographical region where Bharat’s knowledge tradition spread and influenced the local community in terms of language, culture, religions, practices and social values. Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia has been the region that received more Indic knowledge than any other parts of the world due to the easy accessibility to the land and sea routes. This Indic influence is visible in many art forms and folklore due to a long period of rules of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms. This study aims at exploring the presence of Indic elements in Indonesian artworks, old buildings and folklore. This paper is based on a qualitative descriptive study in which the data was collected through literature study. The study found that Indian epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata have greatly influenced the literary tradition in Indonesia, as it was present in the forms of puppets, woodcrafts, painting and batik. In addition, Indonesian-present vocabulary ‘Esa’ (singular) to describe the concept of oneness of God came from the Sanskrit word ‘ish’ which was carried out by the Indic permeate to Indonesia. The study suggests that with such influence of Indic culture and tradition to Indonesia, both Indonesia and India shared similar heritage and hence steps to strengthen the cultural bonds between the two nations need to be built and maintained.

Overriding Lithospheric Strength Affects Continental Collisional Mode Selection and Subduction Transference: Implications for the Greater India–Asia Convergent System

The India–Asia collision, starting from 55 ± 5 Ma, leads to the formation of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau with great gravity potential energy and large forces acting on the surrounding blocks. However, the subduction transference/jump does not occur in the southern Indian continental margin or the northern Indian oceanic plate as supposed to happen repeatedly during the preceding Tethys evolution. Instead, the continental collision and orogeny continues until present day. The total amount of convergence during the India–Asia collision has been estimated to be ∼2,900–4,000 km and needs to be accommodated by shortening/extrusion of the Tibetan plate and/or subduction of the Greater Indian plate, which is a challenging issue. In order to study the collision mode selection, deformation partition, and continental mass conservation, we integrate the reconstruction-based convergence rate of the India–Asia collision into a large-scale thermomechanical numerical model and systematically investigate the effects of overriding Tibetan lithospheric strength and the amount of convergence. The model results indicate that the absence of subduction transference during the India–Asia collision may be attributed to strain localization and shortening of the rheologically weak Tibetan plate. In case of the India–Asia collision for ∼50 Myr with a total convergence of ∼2,900 km, the model with the intermediately weak Tibetan plate could reconcile the general deformation partition and continental mass balance of the Himalayan–Tibetan system. However, the longer period of India–Asia collision for ∼55 Myr leads to significant shortening of the overriding plate that is not consistent with the Tibetan observations, in which case an oceanic basin may be required for the Greater Indian continent.