Greater City Research Articles

An Adaptive Re-use of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta) as the National Gallery of Indonesia's Satellites

The Nasional Gallery of Indonesia is a reputable art gallery owned by Indonesian State. It roles as the venue for exhibitions and art events on International scale. To maintain the reputation then it employed the Independent Curators to cary out exhibitions. In recent years, the phenomenon of the proffesional Fine Art Artists show the hing spirits. To enrich their international publication then they began to realize their opportunity to exhibit at this gallery. Unfortunately, the gallery building is an adaptive reuse of the Cultural Heritage Building. The National Gallery building which has a distinctive Dutch Colonial architectural style has not been optimally utilized. So, it has existence has wide limitations and space limitation that unable to accommodate such high interests. On the other hand, Jabodetabek is stands for Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi are the Greater City of Jakarta, has Cultural Heritage Buildings. There are many of architectural style of heritage buildings that has chance to be the exhibition spaces. The study is an idea to aim solutions of the availability of exhibition area in Jabodetabek to accommodate the Fine Art Artists interest of exhibiting. According to the Adaptive-Reuse of the National Gallery’s case, and by refers to the Grounded Theory Research method and Case Studies related to the Jabodetabek’s Cultural Heritage buildings. A Working Hyphotesis is Jabodetabeks’s Cultural Heritage Buildings opportunities as The National Gallery’s Satellites. The findings are the Satellite Galleries Rank, and the Properties Display recommendation based on the Cultural Heritage’s rules that can be offered to make them as the “Satellite” as well as the ICOM as the National Gallery of Indonesia’s standard.

Development and psychometric validation of the Inventory of Drug Use Determinants amongst Iranian University Students (IDUD-US) in Tabriz, Iran

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and psychometrically testing the Inventory of Drug Use Determinants among University Students (IDUD-US) to ascertain precipitating factors of drug use by the Iranian university students. Methods: The preliminary item pool generated through an extensive literature review and a panel of experts was solicited to assess its face and content validity. The study sample included 214 registered current or former drug users who had initiated the harmful behavior since their student-life. They were recruited through approaching the private/non-private Drug Treatment Centers (DTC) from November 2015 to June 2016 in the greater city of Tabriz, Iran. Results: The structural indicators of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.725) and Bartlett test of sphericity (P < .0001) verified interpretability of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) output. The internal consistency measure of the scale was in the vicinity of acceptable range (α = 0.782). Having an addicted friend, pursuit of pleasure and easy purchasability of illegal substances were main trigger for commencement of drug use by 69.6, 64.5, and 61.7% of the respondents consequently. Conclusion: Psychometric consistency of the constructed instrument was verified for use in Iranian university students.

Influence of canyon aspect ratio on microclimatic conditions: case of Lodz, Poland

This study presents an analysis of the effect of height/width proportions of street canyons on microclimatic conditions in the most urbanized part of Lodz. The empirical research covered public spaces located in the so-called Greater City Zone of Lodz, which were included in the revitalization process. In this case, two street canyons were selected, which are used as pedestrian and driving canyons (the so-called woonerfs). At first, the authors determined the average weather conditions prevailing in the warm period of Typical Meteorological Year in the area of city. On their basis, microclimatic parameters prevailing in the areas of selected street canyons were evaluated with the use of computer simulations. The next stage included the determination of aspect ratio (AR) defining the ratio of building height forming the frontage of canyons to the street width. Finally, the relation between the determined coefficient and selected weather parameters was studied.

Policies, Strategies, and Mechanisms of New Cities in Egypt

The need to establish new cities emerged in the seventies of the last century in Egypt. The necessity emerged because of different reasons such as decreasing te pressure on greater cities and their infrastructure, creating new investments and job opportunities. Furthermore, it aimed to the rarefaction of the concentration of inhabitants around the narrow side of the Nile valley and its Delta. It even moved towards the vast desert in order to redraw the urban map of Egypt.So, the success of these new cities is measured by how much people they attract to settle and their input to local income according to general policies and goals which could be achieved through several strategies and mechanisms.Therefore, this research tries to discuss different policies in order to develop new cites, in particular, in addition to the efficient strategies and mechanisms which are necessary to decrease the consumption of resources and to achieve maximum benefits out of the available potentials.

Prescription of antibiotics in dentistry - a report from the Swedish STRAMA work

ABSTRACTOveruse of antibiotics is today a global concern. National programs, programs within EU and WHO against misuse of antibiotics have been created. Swedish strategic program against antibiotic resistance (STRAMA) was initiated in 1997, within the Swedish Public Health Agency (SPHA) and consisted of volunteers from various medical disciplines to work for a reduction of antibiotic prescription. A National Dentistry Section of STRAMA was established in 2007 affiliated to SPHA. An annual update on the prescription pattern among Swedish dentists is now available.A decrease of antibiotic prescription in both medicine and dentistry the last 10-15 years has been noticed. Dentists prescribe 7% of all antibiotics of which 78% was in 2009 penicillin V, 10% clindamycin, and 9% amoxicillin. The total prescriptions among dentists have decreased from 35 per 1000 inhabitants and year in 2007 to 23 in 2016. Between 2012-2014 the prescription rate for amoxicillin decreased 30%, probably due to new guidelines for prophylaxis. There is still a significant difference in the prescription pattern between dentists in greater cities and rural provinces. The work continues to inform students and dentists on erroneous or unnecessary prescription by updated guidelines and recommendations.

Exploring Metropolitan Governance: The Balance between the Institutional Context and the Planning Practices

The institutional mark and the planning practices can be the two principal dimensions for improving metropolitan governance, addressing the running challenges of several greater cities. Regarding the South West European capital regions, what are the main differences and innovations in their currently processes and models? This paper proposes an applied framework to present the metropolitan governance analysis. Through a comparative case study methodology, various elements and interviews were qualitatively measured, in the regions of Madrid, Barcelona, Paris and Lisbon. The conclusion finds a tendency to balance, between the efforts on those major dimensions of the metropolitan governance system, which does not prevent different paths to register: for example Ile-de-France has developed good initiatives in the technical processes, which then require some adjustments in the political mark, while Madrid had in recent years less activity, in result of his institutional stability. If it can be obvious that institutional reforms lead to new challenges in planning practices, the research argues that the opposite direction is also true - that operational processes give rise to structural changes, proving their corresponding influence on responsibilities, resources and leadership, given by the political context.

Square de Léopoldville of Place Lumumba?

Abstract Square de Léopoldville or Place Lumumba? Belgian (post)colonial memory in the public spaceThe Belgian colonial past is dealt with one-sidedly in the public space. Belgium has hundreds of street names and memorials for white colonials, but not a single tribute to a Congolese. Several colonial monuments have been subject to protest and vandalism, but none of them has been removed or adapted, and only two have been updated with interpretive plaques. Outside the greater cities, local councils continue to erect new memorials for missionaries or relocate monuments to the pioneers of the Congo Free State to more prominent locations. The demand of Congolese migrants to name a square in Brussels after Lumumba has yet to be fulfilled after more than a decade. This overall situation can be explained by several factors, including the catharsis following intense post-colonial debates at the turn of the century, limited post-colonial migration, and the Belgian identity crisis.

Rationalizing the greater city. The 1919 international competition for Greater Paris

ABSTRACTThe 1919 Greater Paris competition was the first attempt at metropolitan planning in France. Paris was then the fourth largest city in the world. As in other metropolises, congestion and hazardous urban growth were its main problems. The need of planning was evident. However, the long-term city–suburb conflict, the legal constraints, and the political divergences hindered the realization of a comprehensive plan. In this context, an international competition was launched. The prize-winner was the French architect Léon Jaussely. Although Greater Paris competition did not result in a comprehensive plan straightaway, it constitutes a turning point in Paris’s planning history. Through research on unpublished sources preserved in different Parisian archives, this paper aims firstly to reconstruct the process of the competition. The thorough reports of the jury offer an entirely new approach to the study of this kind of competition, since they allow us to comprehend the preoccupations of the administrations in charge. Secondly, it intends to examine the projects, connecting their solutions with international models and debates. It focuses on those concerning the comprehensive plan and particularly on Jaussely’s awarded project. Finally, the long-term influence of the competition will be discussed and regarded within the international context.

A Divided Capital: Residential Segregation In Ankara

Turkey has undergone large-scale structural changes in social, political, and economic spheres in 2000s. In changing political climate of 2000s, not only social and political geographies, but also residential patterns of cities have been subject to abrupt changes. The development of construction sector reached a speed never seen before in country’s urbanisation history. Growing numbers of transformation and renewal projects took place mainly in older and historical central areas and former gecekondu sites of many greater cities. The relationship of new “upper” and “lower” classes both with rest of society and city has also radically changed. But, despite dynamism of this new era, our knowledge about extent of this transformation process is still relatively poor. Our knowledge on bases, scale and possible impacts of this transformation is still limited and partial. On these grounds, this article attempts to understand of this transformation process in year of 2000 through socio-economic residential segregation in capital city of Turkey, Ankara, where this transformation process is heavily felt. It is claimed that as one of most debated issues in Turkish public agenda, examining segregation in analytical ways can provide useful insights and valuable clues as to understanding socio-economic structure of cities. The findings of study show that Ankara is a highly divided city in socio-economic lines and urban dynamics of recent years are highly correlated with characteristic divisions of city. The study, in this sense, not only provides an extended look into segregation dynamics of city, but also sheds light on the roots of this active and dynamic period of 2000s, and thereby reveals last picture of city before great transformation . Key words: Socio-economic segregation, residential segregation, status groups, transformation, Ankara.

İZMİRDE 1989 YEREL SEÇİMLERİ

Local elections may sometimes be as impressive as general elections in regard to their results. Local elections which held on March 26, 1989 were one of the most important local elections in the history of the Republic. In this paper, it is focused particularly on local elections of 1989 in Izmir. Besides, it is evaluated the ambiance and the results of elections both in provincial and national levels. Even though seven political parties participated into the local elections in Izmir, competition was mainly among only three political parties, namely Motherland Party, True Path Party and Social Democratic Populist Party. Voter turnout was approximately 75%. When rightist votes were shared by five parties, leftist votes were represented by only two parties. Social Democratic Populist Party continued to rise since general election of 1987, and won greater city municipality of Izmir with 5 mayoralities. When Motherland Party won only one mayoralty, True Path Party won 3 mayoralities, and Social Democratic Populist Party won all the remaining mayoralities in districts. Ruling party lost Ankara and Istanbul greater city municipalities besides Izmir’s. Motherland Party which aims to be in power until the general election of 1992, lost its ground heavily and was forced to contest in early general election in 1991.

SEG Board of Directors Special Lecture Tour reaches students in China

The SEG Board of Directors Special Lecture Series, presented by Alfred Liaw, began 27 May 2013 and toured six SEG Student Chapters located in and around the greater cities of Beijing and Qingdao, China. The chapters included China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED), and China University of Petroleum (East China). This lecture series was presented to 264 attendees in four days.

Urban Skylines and Climate Politics

A country's urban silhouettes prophesy its future climate policy, or so this paper argues. The more its city silhouettes are skewed to the periphery, the more likely a country is to implement the carbon tax. This is why the effect of a country's urban form on greenhouse gas emissions -- a bone of contention in the recent literature -- cannot be separated from that country's choice of carbon tax. From this paper's perspective, a country with greater city silhouette skews may emit less greenhouse gases not so much because its cities are more compact but because it places a higher price on carbon consumption.

A New Polyelectrolyte Dosing Method: Injection into Deep Bed Filter Media

The aim of this paper was to investigate a novel method of polyelectrolyte injection into deep bed filter media. The raw water and the filter media used in the pilot filters were obtained from the Omerli Reservoir that supplies one million m3/day of water to the greater city of Istanbul. A cationic polyelectrolyte was injected at the entrance of the filter and at different depths of the sand bed. The effect of polyelectrolyte injection location and method was evaluated by measuring the effluent turbidity, effluent particle count, and the head losses at different locations of the sand media. It was observed that the simultaneous injection of the polyelectrolyte on top of the filter bed and at the center can lengthen the filter run time while achieving an effluent turbidity as low as 0.06 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) and 4 log (99.99%) particle removal.

Subnotificação de nascidos vivos: procedimentos de mensuração a partir do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar

To assess underreporting of live birth records by health information systems. Secondary data of the Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (Hospital Information System - SIH) and of the Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (Information System on Live Birth - SINASC) were used in the state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, in 2001. Two procedures were used in the analysis: the comparison between the number of live births per city and the probabilistic record linkage of individual data. For both procedures, indicators of underreporting considered were the proportion of live births presented at SIH system that were not obtained at SINASC. The municipalities were later added into four strips of population size. The probabilistic linkage was able to identify a greater proportion of live births underreported at SINASC, relative to the comparison of live births in the municipalities. The variations of the differences among underreporting percentages per procedures were 9.4% in cities with population lower than 5,000 inhabitants; 9.1% in cities with population ranging from 5,000 and 9,999; and 8.0% in municipalities between 10,000 and 49,999 and over 50,000 inhabitants. The amount of underreporting was sensitive to the procedures adopted. Probabilistic linkage reinforced the certainty of pairings, and also enabled to identify a greater proportion of cases not recorded at SINASC, also in greater cities. SIH was a strong indicator of underreporting of live births.

Stability in the Urban Community in a Time of War: Police, Protestantism and Poor Relief in Nantes during the French Wars of Religion, 1562-89

Traditionally, the French Wars of Religion of the later sixteenth century were associated with disorder, violence and rebellion in the greater cities of the realm. Recent historiography shows that this picture is not always the case in the middling and smaller-sized cities, where stability, cooperation with the crown and strong civic cultures caused them to be spared many of the excesses of war and violence. This study of Nantes shows that the period between the end of the first civil war of 1562-3 and the Catholic League rebellion of 1589 saw great efforts, by Crown and city élites acting in concert, to promote order and good governance in the urban community, through developments in the theoretical and practical concept known as police. Police had at its heart moral and material administration, for the good of the whole common weal. In Nantes, in accordance with this concept, great efforts were made to maintain the dominant religious culture of Catholicism and to safeguard the social economy, through provisioning and poor relief. It involved also the wide dissemination of responsibility for order, through many strata of the urban population. The result was relative peace and stability in Nantes during the reigns of Charles IX and Henri III.

Extension planning and the historic city: civic design strategies in the 1908–9 Copenhagen international competition

In shedding light on the 1908–9 competition for Greater Copenhagen this article examines the contest as an instrument for the accumulation and transmission of planning know‐how, ideas and innovations in relation to the development of town planning theory and practice in the Nordic Countries. Plans are considered as both technical and cultural graphics marks reflecting alternative and possibly contradictory images of the greater city or city of the future. The discussion focuses on the relationship between urban design's twin polarities: urban transformation and creation on the one hand; concern for conservation and urban continuity on the other. After considering the competition's international dimension, the article explores the civic art strand of design in northern Europe before 1914 and the idea of the historic city by investigating the conservation movement that flourished in Copenhagen when there were rapid changes in the physical fabric. The article, based on archive materials, analyses of awarded and non‐awarded entries alike, illustrates how architects, engineers and surveyors combined their design of the city's extensions with conservation schemes for both peripheries and centre. It is suggested that, at a time when Nordic municipal authorities were pressing for comprehensive town planning, planners strove to provide ways of protecting the existing built environment. This involved not only safeguarding an emerging ‘historic city’ in contrast to the new extensions, but also proposals for maintaining urban continuity in the peripheries.

Cuthbert Tunstal and Heresy in Essex and London, 1528

Lollardy, the native English heresy vigorously suppressed since the early fifteenth-century, did not die with its suppression in the wake of the rebellion of Sir John Oldcastle in 1414. A century later Lollard beliefs remained current, albeit in varied forms. The most consistent features in this eclectic religious system were the possession and reading of English translations of the Scriptures, a sacramentarian view of the Eucharist, and an often vehement anticlericalism. With few exceptions Lollardy was the preserve of the unlearned; based on the religious fringes of towns and the greater cities, rather than in the learned centers of the universities or the Court.

Analysis of scenarios for sewerage, wastewater treatment and prioritised load on environment from the Greater City of Copenhagen

The sewer system for the Greater Copenhagen area covers an area of 4460 ha contributing to the runoff. The total area serves in total 8 municipalities, however it is dominated by the areas in the City of Copenhagen proper. The catchments merge into interceptors, which feed two large treatment plants. The effluent from the two treatment plants discharges during dry weather to Oresund, the sound between Denmark and Sweden. This large system has been analysed for selected scenarios with respect to handling runoff in an optimal way in order to minimise the loads on the most sensitive receiving waters and optimising treatment plant performance.

The Trend of Pubulic Opinions about Images, Utilization Demands and Improvements of the River as Open Space

The specific character of intentions of people about revers as open space and its change from 1991 to 1996 were analyzed. Then the following results are obtained; 1) People's interest in revers become stronger in greater cities. 2) Images of river itself artificiality, and the latter develop relatively. 3) Passive recreation uses such as walk and nature-survey maintain superior position, but active ones such as swimming or other sports advance. 4) Intentions for promoting amenity and natural environment of embankments make marked progress.

Heavy Metals in Sediments and Oysters From Bluefields Bay, Nicaragua

The distribution of trace metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) was investigated during a year (1994-95) in surface and core sediment samples and in the oyster (Crassotrea rhizophorae) from Bluefields Bay, Nicaragua. the aim was to assess the arthropogenic impact of potential pollutant sources, mainly Bluefields City, since domestic waste waters are discharged directly or by infiltration to the bay. Lyophilised samples were submitted to different acid digestion methods and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the results showed highest contents for copper, lead and zinc near Bluefields City, with an increase in the affected area in the rainy season that is generated by greater city run off. Metal contents in oysters do not show the same distribution pattern than in sediments and were similar to those from other areas without reflecting pollution levels.