Great Scientist Research Articles

Military doctor, teacher, researcher (essay on M.S. Schwartz)

The purpose of the study is to provide brief information about the professional career of associate professor Major of the medical service Moisei Solomonovich Schwartz, who made a significant contribution to experimental dentistry and periodontology with his research. Material and methods. The article is prepared on the basis of information provided in the Russian literature on dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, as well as taking into account the memories of dentists who personally knew M.S. Schwartz, namely Colonel of the medical service V.P. Zabelin and associate professor Colonel of the medical service V.V. Fiolkovsky. Results. The paper notes that the major of the medical service, associate professor M.S. Schwartz, conducted a series of studies devoted to the study of the functional properties of the vessels of the jaws, mainly the lower jaw. He was the first in dentistry to apply the Kravkov-Pisemsky technique, which allowed him to study the effect of biogenic amines on the vessels of an isolated jaw. A comparative study using this technique of the vessels of the ear and jaw of the dog allowed to establish the increased sensitivity of the latter to acetylcholine, histamine and adrenaline, and in 1936 he experimentally reproduced periodontal disease (alveolar pyorrhea) with the help of chronic irritation (ligation) of the inferior alveolar nerve in a dog. The participation of M.S. Schwartz in the Soviet-Finnish (winter) War of 1939-1940, as well as the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, was noted. Conclusions. M.S. Schwartz was a great scientist, a good doctor with sound manual skills, including providing surgical assistance to the maxillofacial wounded. He was a thoughtful researcher and a demanding teacher. His contribution to the development of experimental dentistry and periodontology is difficult to overestimate.

ҒАРИФОЛЛА ЕСІМ: САНА БОЛМЫСЫ

The transition of world authorities into the hands of information in the flow of modern life should make us think. Since humanity cannot exist without each other, without interaction, the information flood has become as necessary as the air. In order to follow the citizens of the state to the end, it is not enough to have one opinion and the opinion of the leader, dependence on him is growing, and the ability of the majority to research and critical thinking is decreasing. Therefore, the urgent problem facing the state has become the propaganda of the historical development of our state, the work to restore consciousness, the spiritual identity of our citizens, the consciousness of the Kazakhs. Because by defining the spiritual nature of the nation and nailing down the essence of consciousness, it becomes possible to feel our national identity. This, in turn, is the biggest tool in consolidating the nation. Therefore, in order to determine the Kazakh national identity, we decided to explain the scientific works of the great scientist, philosopher Garifolla, who has been studying the Kazakh consciousness for more than thirty years. The importance of the work lies in highlighting more than twenty volumes of the scientist's works on the origin of the history of the origins of major representatives of Kazakh philosophy, analyzing the work of Abai, the main ideologist of national identity and describing the scientific potential. How to explain the general understanding of Academician Garifolla's work with a short formula? "Scientific prose", which, in our opinion, is a mixture of the breath of time, the existence of consciousness, Kazakh philosophy, is a scientific assessment of many historical data to young scientists, applicants, analysts, telling about political, cultural and socio-historical problems that took place in the life of society in a systematic way.

Vladimír Vernadskij o nemecko-rakúskej okupácii Ukrajiny v roku 1918

The article deals with the diaries as an important narrative source for historians in their study of the past. The diaries are a very peculiar type of source that is different from memoirs. Usually, the author writes his memoirs about the events that he lived through many years ago or he witnessed in the past. It is naturally that with the flow of time he may forget about something, miss something or recall something incorrectly; moreover, as it is known, in memoirs events of the past are reflected with a hindsight and that is why they do not always accurately reflect the feelings of the author at the time when these events took place. People’s attitudes towards the events can also change as the years go by. Moreover, human memory is very much selective. Unlike memoirs, the diaries allow us to understand the attitude of a particular human being to the surrounding world and contemporary events when he or she wrote about them. This has enormous value for the researcher. The diaries, as a type of historical document, are important precisely because they provide us not only with object of a historical process, in other words, what is being described, but also with insights about their authors who are present not as abstract depersonalized subjects of this process, but as living human beings with their merits and shortcomings, with their convictions and moods, their dreams and concerns. Moreover, the diaries provide unique material for the study of social psychology of people in concrete historical period. The author of diaries, which became the object of our attention, was Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskyi (1863-1945), an outstanding Russian 20th century naturalist, geologist, biogeochemist, thinker and winner of the Stalin Prize, academician, creator of the doctrine of the biosphere, its evolution and transformation into the noosphere, who was one of the founders of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and its first President, as well as the founder of the National Library of Ukraine. Their main value of his diaries, in our opinion, is that they help to feel the atmosphere of the dramatic events of October Revolution and Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, allows us to restore the spirit of the revolutionary stormy years in all its tragedy and contradictions. As for the content of the great scientist’s diaries, a significant part of them consists of the facts of his personal life., but also a lot of space is devoted to his impressions and reflections on political events, in particular about the German and the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Ukraine in 1918. In his diaries, a negative attitude towards the Bolsheviks and socialist ideology, non-acceptance of manifestations of Ukrainian nationalism, and condemnation of the talentless policy of the Central Rada can be clearly traced.

Harvey Williams Cushing – Fater of Neurosurgery on Reflexion Philately and Numismatics

In this research article, the author presents the results of his research, thematically related to the preservation of historical memory, about the great scientist and neurosurgeon, with a world-famous name, Harvey Williams Cushing (1869-1939), in the reflection of such means of collecting as philately (postage stamps, artistic stamped envelopes and first day covers, maximum cards), such countries as the USA, Ukraine and Germany, and numismatics - on commemorative, table medals. In total, this article presents 28 screenshot copies of collection materials.

Dr. Sidney Farber (1903-1973): Founder of Pediatric Pathology and the Father of Modern Chemotherapy.

Dr. Sidney Farber (Farber) was a distinguished pediatric pathologist and widely recognized pioneer of modern chemotherapy. In 1948, his influential study showed that various anti-folates, particularly 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid, also known as aminopterin, induced transient disease control in kids who had acute undifferentiated leukemia. The findings laid the basis for developing and using additional chemotherapies, individually or in combination, for treating pediatric and adult cancers. Farber also introduced actinomycin D to treat Wilms tumor in various stages. Underneath his oversight, the 'Jimmy Fund,' one of the earliest dedicated pediatric oncology centers, and the Children's Cancer Research Foundation, which subsequently evolved into the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, was established. Farber is known as the "Founder of Pediatric Pathology" and the "Father of Modern Chemotherapy," citing his immense contributions. This article is a tribute to the great scientist Farber for his significant contributions to the scientific field and the countless individuals he has impacted.

Earth‐Abundant Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation†

Comprehensive SummaryTransition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is an efficient and direct synthetic method to access chiral compounds, which features simplicity, easy working‐up process, and high atomic economy. It typically relies on precious transition metal catalytic systems, including ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and palladium, which always face the difficulties of limited resources, high cost, and environmental contamination. Therefore, great efforts were made to apply earth‐abundant, low (non‐)toxic, and environmentally friendly transition metals, such as iron, cobalt, nickel and copper, to the asymmetric hydrogenation in the past decades, and some considerable breakthroughs have been obtained. In this review, we mainly summarized some recent research progress of nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated molecules, including olefins, imines and ketones. And continuous development of chiral nickel catalytic systems and the application of them into challenging asymmetric hydrogenation is prospected in the future. Key ScientistsTransition metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation has been regarded as an important and direct approach to access chiral molecules. The first example of homogeneous catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation was developed by Knowles and Horner in 1968, respectively. In 1971, Kagan developed privileged chiral DIOP ligand for asymmetric hydrogenation. Halpern and Brown made deep studies on the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation in 1977, respectively. Noyori developed a powerful and privileged chiral BINAP ligand in 1980. Owing to Knowles and Noyori's great contribution in the field of catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. In 1984, Ohkubo developed pioneering earth‐abundant transition metal Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl α‐methylcrotonate. A great many scientists made tremendous contribution to the development of chiral privileged ligands, such as, Bosnich, Kumada, Giongo, Takaya, Miyashima, Achiwa, Burk, Pflaltz, Chan, X. Zhang, Imamoto, Zhou, Genet, Sannicolo, Ding, Hoge, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Tang, these ligands owned wide application in the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation. In addition, Zhou, Fan made deep investigation on the asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Owing to the great importance of the development of the asymmetric (transfer) hydrogenation promoted by cheap transition metal catalytic systems, some researchers, such as Hamada, Gao, J. S. Zhou, Chirik, X. Zhang, Y.‐G. Zhou, W. Zhang, Lv, Dong, Fu, Deng, and Hou, made great efforts to the development of earth‐abundant nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral unsaturated molecules, including olefins, imines and ketones. In addition, there are some other scientists that have also made great contribution to the development of catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric transformation, with too limited space to list all of them.

THE PEARL OF EASTERN POETRY – MUHAMMAD FIZULI

Muhammad Fuzuli was and remains a truly great poet and scientist, whose work left an indelible mark on the history of Azerbaijani literature. His excellent education and deep knowledge in various fields of science and philosophy emphasize the versatility of his personality. His works, including ghazals and qasidas, continue to delight readers with their emotionality and philosophical depth, reflecting diverse aspects of human experience. Such a heritage deservedly occupies an honorable place in world literary culture.

Doing research as a student

Over the years, I have worked in a variety of research groups and learnt from great scientists with different approaches. There is no 10-step plan for success in research, particularly when you are researching the unknown! But there are many paths to leading a rewarding career in scientific research and adopting practices from successful scientists has helped me navigate my own career. Here, I compile some of the advice on doing research that I explicitly or implicitly received during my undergraduate, graduate, postdoctoral, and faculty years and use to this day. This is the same advice I give my own students. Some of these points are fairly obvious; others I wish I had implemented earlier in my own career. There are also articles in the scientific literature on doing research and publishing and presenting your results that are great reads; one example is cited here https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400767.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE WORK “DIWAN LUGAT AT-TURK” BY MAKHMUD KASHGARI. ASPECTS OF INTERRELATION OF DIFFERENT SCIENCES

This article is written about the specific features of “Diwan lugat at-turk” written by great Turkic writer Mahmud Kashgari and provides detailed information about the main content and main idea of the work. For each idea, the article provides an example from the work itself. Then, factual information about the interaction of the work with other sciences beside linguistics are given and the presented ideas are justified with the speeches of great scientists and examples from the work. Tables created based on personal research are presented at the end of the article.

Great scientist friends of Ayurveda no more

Great scientist friends of Ayurveda no more

The scientific legacy of professor Y.V. Krykavskyi: development of logistics theory in Ukraine and future perspectives

The article presents the first attempt at scientometric analysis of the scientific legacy of the prominent Ukrainian scholar, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Yevhen Vasylovych Krykavskyi. The main stages of his scientific work and its impact on the development of the general theory and practice of logistic science in Ukraine are identified. It is demonstrated that Y.V. Krykavskyi himself formulated the theoretical foundations of logistics as a separate direction of scientific research in the field of economic sciences, established the basic conceptual framework, founded a scientific school of marketing and logistics, and trained a large number of candidates and doctors of sciences who continue and deepen the theoretical developments of the great scientist, as well as expand the spheres of practical application of logistic concepts, tools, and methods, and supply chain management in new economic conditions.

Why Einstein was Wrong Great Scientists and Great Mistakes

The article suggests that historical errors are fundamental to our current misunderstandings of both special and general relativity theories.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY IN UZBEKISTAN TODAY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Psychology as a science is based on a person's desire to understand who he is, the desire to know his own spiritual world and the psyche of others, the need to understand the phenomena of nature and society, to reflect on the past, present, and future. began to develop. Although psychological knowledge has a very long past history, it was separated from philosophy as a science in the 19th century, and now the science of psychology has entered Uzbekistan with wide opportunities and history. Nowadays,the interest of young people in the field of psychology is increasing. The interest in great scientists, the basis of its history, is developing day by day, and we will try to cover it in this article.

HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RELATIONS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGISTS OF UKRAINE AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN DIFFERENT TIMES

Scientific morphological schools in Ukraine and the Czech Republic formed strong junctions along more years. In addition, great scientists were involved in establishing morphological science in the two countries.

Analysis and Calculation of Two-Phase Flow in Industrial Pipelines Using Regime Classification

The analysis shows that using regime classification for individual phases, it is possible to obtain a more reliable design scheme for two phase flows. In contrast to the flow structure, the concept of mode is more accessible for calculating an industrial pipeline. In this case, transient processes can be determined and calculated. The analysis shows that in field conditions it is very difficult to determine transition boundaries for flow structures. However, taking into account the structural approach, it is very difficult to determine the boundaries of the flow, and based on the laws of hydrodynamics of a homogeneous liquid and gas, it is possible to determine the transition of one regime to another using the Reynolds number. This technique is based on the theory of the great Russian scientist Academician A.P. Krylov. Let us note that this theory has not yet lost its specialty in the fishing industry. Based on numerous data, a method for calculating the gas-liquid mixture in horizontal pipes is proposed. Based on the laws of homogeneous liquid and gas, an equation for the distribution of speed, flow and pressure loss in a pipeline is obtained. The analysis shows that, based on the laws of homogeneous liquid and gas, it is possible to propose a method for calculating the hydrodynamic parameters of a two-phase flow, such as liquid and gas in a round pipe. This technique is based on the theory of Academician A.P. Krylov, which characterizes the reliability of this technique.

ОТ ЛОМОНОСОВА ДО НАШИХ ДНЕЙ. ЗАМЕТКИ О РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ В РОССИИ В КАНУН 300-ЛЕТИЯ РАН

The article, based on extensive factual material, presents the history of the development of economic science since the creation of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1724. The role of the great Russian scientists M. V. Lomonosov L. Euler, D. I. Mendeleev and many others is revealed in the application of economic knowledge in the interests of strengthening the Russian state. The contribution of scientists from the economics section of the Academy of Sciences to solving specific problems of the country’s economic development at different historical stages is analyzed. The activities of the North-Western Section for Promoting the Development of Economic Science at the Department of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The significant contribution of the Institute of Regional Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the implementation of fundamental scientific research and its practical implementation in the development of regional development strategies and the creation of a unique model for assessing and improving the quality of life of the population based on the use of quality economics tools is shown.

Optimizing Cr(VI) Reduction in Plastic Chromium Plating Wastewater: Particle Size, Irradiation, Titanium Dose

The preservation of the aquatic environment and water systems has been a fundamental objective that has led great scientists and researchers to seek new alternatives or techniques that allow the decontamination of water sources. The plastic chromium plating industries have been identified as important sources of contamination since their residues are characterized by having considerable amounts of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI), which alters the stability of water resources and can affect effluents on the surface and the subsoil. Given this problem, the need to improve the usual methods and techniques for wastewater treatment with more effective solutions, such as photocatalysis, which presents significant advantages over the inefficiency of traditional methods, is recognized. However, given the limited availability of research in the country that addresses the removal of hexavalent chromium from the wastewater of these industries, this work focuses on optimizing the process by varying conditions of variables such as particle size, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The optimization of the photocatalysis process was evaluated using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The results show that contaminant removal occurred when the particle size was 0.177 mm. This particle size showed the highest photocatalytic activity, with 100% removal at 45 minutes. These findings represent a significant step towards solving the problem of contamination in this business sector by this pollutant and contribute to preserving our water resources. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-02 Full Text: PDF

The influence of K. D. Ushinsky on the development of the practice of social pedagogy and social work

This article is a brief overview of the professional activities of the great teacher and scientist K. D. Ushinsky in educational institutions, with which his labor activity as a reformer in education is connected. The author in his work repeats the well-known facts about his pedagogical work in the Yaroslavl Demidov Law Lyceum, the Gatchina Orphanage and the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. The emphasis is on the characterization of the transformations in the system of upbringing and education of that time, which affect precisely the social component of this process. In the article, the author compares the changes that were carried out by K. D. Ushinsky, with the modern practice of social work with children and adolescents in the context of social upbringing and education. The author summarizes his thoughts by concluding that the ideas of K. D. Ushinsky, which appeared more than a century and a half ago, are of great interest to modern social specialists working with the population. The classical pedagogical heritage of the Russian scientist opens up rich opportunities for intensifying social and pedagogical activities with students today, including in the practice of psychosocial work with the population.

Reviewing the pages of the first issues of «Perm medical journal»: 100th anniversary of this authoritative russian scientific edition

In 2023, we celebrate a historical date – the 100th anniversary of publishing the first issue of “Perm Medical Journal”. The first editor-in-chief was an outstanding doctor, the founder of the first surgical school, Professor V.N. Parin. The content of the first eight volumes of the journal issued from 1923 to 1930 is analyzed in the article. The first paper of the first issue of a journal was devoted to epidemic typhus and relapsing fever. The papers of great scientists, professors such as A.V. Pshenichnov, P.I. Pichugin, A.S. Lebedev, P.I. Chistyakov, V.P. Pervushin and others impress by profundity of thought. Great attention in the journal was paid to the questions of surgery and urology; these papers constituted 52% of the content of the first eight volumes. Analysis of the works belonging to V.N. Parin, D.P. Kuznetsky, V.P. Shipitsyn, B.Ya. Strelkov, A.A. Vechtomov and other authors, which were devoted to diagnostics, treatment and prevention of gastric ulcer, ventral hernias, tumors of different organs, inflammatory surgical diseases, vascular, urinary, urethral and genital injuries, rhinoplasty, show that these publications aroused interest among Russian and foreign scientists and physicians and significantly influenced a progress of medical science and practical health care.

Dr. Vasfi Samim (1905-1981): A successful veterinarian, artist and sportsman in Albania

This biographical research aims to reveal the professional life and scientific works of Dr. Vasfi Samim. Dr. Vasfi Samim (1905–1981) was an internationally renowned Albanian veterinarian registered in the Ottoman State Register, who has been considered as an accomplished veterinarian, zootechnist, artist as well as sportsman in Albania. After graduating from the Higher Veterinary School (Baytar Mekteb-i Alisi) in Istanbul in 1927, Dr. Vasfi Samim completed his doctorate in the field of veterinary zootechny at the Berlin Higher Veterinary School in 1931. Upon returning to his country, he provided the structuring and development of animal health, breeding and zootechnical disciplines at international standards through serving important administrative duties. Dr. Vasfi Samim has 27 scientific articles on veterinary infectious diseases, animal breeding, selection, and crossbreeding as well as 11 books with social, cultural and political themes, 16 stories, 43 essays, and 23 theater works. He also played in Fenerbahçe, one of Türkiye’s well-established sports clubs, and in Albanian football teams, and became an exemplary role model by being a manager in the national and international promotion and development of Albanian sports. Dr. Vasfi Samim should be remembered as an influential veterinarian, and an intellectual personality for the region he was grown in and for the world.