Greater Risk Research Articles

Ophthalmic complications of injectable facial fillers

The recently published mini-review article by Miotti et al is an effort to clarify various aspects regarding the choice between fat grafts and fillers in facial aesthetic surgery. One of the complications associated with the administration of fillers is the possibility of vascular injury and spread of the dermal filler into the orbit, causing unexpected effects at a site distant from that of the initial injection, including ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and even visual compromise. Acute vision loss following filler injection is a devastating complication, occurring in up to 0.0008% of cases. The greatest risk of this complication occurs with nasal augmentation, followed by glabellar wrinkle treatment. While injected autologous fat predominantly occludes the proximal portion of the ophthalmic artery, hyaluronic acid fillers obstruct the ophthalmic artery comparatively distally. Treatment interventions include thrombolysis, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, oral aspirin, cobamamide and acetazolamide and administration of corticosteroids. However, most studies show a poor prognosis in the form of partial or no recovery of vision. Hence, prevention is of paramount importance. A high index of suspicion is also warranted on the part of both those administering as well as receiving injections of facial fillers to prevent potentially vision-threatening complications of this seemingly innocuous procedure.

Predictive metabolite signatures for risk of progression to active TB from QuantiFERON supernatants of Household Contacts of TB patients

The identification of individuals with the greatest risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease from the huge reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected individuals continues to remain an arduous ascent in the global effort to control TB. In a two-year prospective study, we analysed metabolic profiles in the unstimulated and TB antigen stimulated QuantiFERON supernatants of 14 household contacts (HHCs) who progressed to TB (Progressors) and 14 HHCs who remained healthy (Non-Progressors). We identified 21 significantly dysregulated metabolites in the TB antigen-stimulated QuantiFERON supernatants of Progressors, of which the combination of Malic acid and N-Arachidonoylglycine had maximum AUC of 0.99. Eighteen significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified in the unstimulated QuantiFERON supernatants of Progressors, among which the combination of Orotic acid and the phosphatidylcholines PC (O-34:1), PC (O-18:1(9Z)/16:0), PC (O-18:1(11Z)/16:0) had the maximum AUC of 0.98. Most of the dysregulated metabolites belonged to the pathways of fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and nitric oxide metabolism. Validation of these metabolic signatures in large, diverse cohorts would pave way for targetted intervention of TB disease.

Bankruptcy experiences and cash holding behaviors: Case of Japan

Using data on Japanese listed firms, we find that companies are more likely to take risks when one or more of their directors experience corporate bankruptcy at another firm when serving concurrently as a director. Consequently, these companies reduce their cash reserves by issuing less equity. This tendency to take greater risk is concentrated in firms that are in a more favorable financial condition or where the interlocked bankruptcy firm has been through less costly bankruptcy. Our findings suggest that past experiences significantly shape individual preferences for taking risk, even if these experiences occur during their professional careers. Further, the effects of bankruptcy experiences on Japanese directors, who are usually considered risk averse, exhibit shifts in risk taking like that found in the US.

First-Trimester PLGF and PAPP-A and the Risk of Placenta-Mediated Complications: PREDICTION Prospective Study

ObjectivesTo estimate the association between low first-trimester maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and the risk of placenta-mediated complications. MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of PREDICTION study including nulliparous participants recruited at 11–14 weeks of pregnancy. First-trimester PlGF and PAPP-A were reported in multiples of the median (MoM) adjusted for maternal characteristics and gestational age. Participants were stratified into four groups based on absence/presence of low (<0.4 MoM) PlGF and PAPP-A values. A composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes (including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, fetal death, and placental abruption) with delivery before 34, before 37 weeks, and at or after 37 weeks was calculated. ResultsOut of 7262 participants, 86 (1.2%) developed the composite outcome before 37 weeks, including 35 (0.4%) before 34 weeks. The combination of low PAPP-A and low PlGF was associated with the greatest risk of adverse outcomes before 37 weeks (21%) and before 34 weeks (12%) compared to low PlGF alone (7% and 3%), low PAPP-A alone (2% and 1%), or neither marker (1% and 0.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Looking specifically at pre-term preeclampsia, the combination of low PAPP-A and low PlGF was also associated with a greater risk (12%) compared to low PlGF alone (6%), low PAPP-A alone (0.5%), or neither marker (0.7%, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe combination of low PAPP-A and low PlGF is associated with a very high risk for adverse outcomes before 34 and 37 weeks. An isolated low PAPP-A should not be considered a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The impact of diabetes and presurgical glycemic control on wound morbidity following open complex abdominal wall reconstruction: a single-center experience.

Numerous studies have identified diabetes mellites (DM) as a significant risk factor for postoperative wound morbidity, with suboptimal preoperative glycemic control (GC) posing an even greater risk. However, this data largely excludes ventral hernia patients. Our study examined the association between diabetes and preoperative GC and postoperative outcomes following open complex abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). We identified diabetic patients who had undergone open, elective, clean VHR with transversus abdominis release (TAR) and permanent synthetic mesh at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between January 2014 and December 2023. Their 30-day outcomes were compared to non-diabetic patients undergoing the same procedure. Subsequently, diabetic patients were categorized based on GC. status: "Optimal GC" (HbA1c < 7%), "Sub-optimal GC" (HbA1c 7-8.4%), and "Poor GC" (HbA1c ≥ 8.5%) and their outcomes were compared. 514 patients with DM who underwent clean elective TAR were identified, of which 431 met the inclusion criteria. GC was deemed optimal in 255 patients, sub-optimal in 128, and poor in 48 patients. Demographics were similar, except for anticoagulation treatment (p = 0.014). The entire study population exhibited significantly higher rates of wound morbidities and overall complications compared to non-diabetic patients. However, rates of surgical site infection (SSI), surgical site occurrence (SSO), SSO requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI), and reoperation did not differ significantly among the three cohorts of presurgical glycemic control (p = 0.82, p = 0.46, p = 0.51, p = 0.78), respectively. No occurrence of mesh removal was documented. In general, diabetes is a marker for increased wound morbidity and complications following complex abdominal wall reconstruction. However, we could not establish a hard cutoff to justify withholding surgery in symptomatic patients based on an arbitrary HbA1C level. We believe this data is important for shared decision-making when considering AWR for symptomatic ventral hernias in diabetic patients.

Potential Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risks of Elements of Health Concern Bioaccumulated in Seafood from Local Fish Rafts in Trang Province, Thailand

Marine ecosystems are increasingly contaminated by pollutants from human activities which could impact seafood quality. This study investigated the levels of six potentially toxic elements of health concern including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). Analyses of those elements were conducted in eleven commercially available seafood species collected from local fish rafts in Trang province, Thailand. The findings revealed variations of element of health concern content among species, with H. raphidea exhibiting significantly high levels. Human health risks were assessed for estimated daily intake and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The results indicate potential risks associated with As consumption, especially in the case of H. raphidea. Children (3.0 – 5.9 years) had the greatest vulnerable risks in comparison to other age groups. The levels of elements of health concern in most seafood samples were within safe limits. However, the continuous surveillance, monitoring, and management of these contaminants in seafood are needed, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Mooring Chains of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Shallow Water

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are severely restricted in numerous sea areas due to challenges from the strong nonlinear characteristics of mooring chains in shallow water (less than 50 m). Therefore, this paper introduces a design method of mooring chains of a FOWT at a water depth of 44 m and carries out a parametric sensitivity analysis on length, nominal diameter, and clump weights of mooring chains. The results of the study found that compared with the mooring chains in deep water, the mooring chains in shallow water show obvious nonlinear characteristics in mooring tension, the lying section of the mooring chain on the seabed, and the mooring chain spatial angle, which brings great risk to the safe operation of FOWTs. The change in the nominal diameter of the mooring chain has a certain impact on the dynamic characteristics of a FOWT, but it is not as significant as that from the change in the length of the mooring chain. In addition, a mooring chain in shallow water is prone to the slack–taut phenomenon; thus, this paper puts forward an optimization investigation using clump weights at the suspension section of the mooring chain, which improved the performance of the mooring chain significantly.

Comparison of flea diversity in the burrows of Richardson's ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) in urban and rural sites in central Saskatchewan, Canada.

Spatial and temporal differences in the relative abundance of arthropod vectors are important factors that influence the risk of disease for mammalian hosts. Seasonal changes in the diversity and abundance of fleas (Siphonaptera) in Richardson's ground squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii) burrows were studied at two sites in central Saskatchewan. A total of 225 fleas (151 at an urban site and 74 at a rural site) were collected. Flea prevalence differed among seasons at the urban site but not at the rural site. Of the nine flea species detected (eight at the urban site and six at the rural site), Oropsylla rupestris, O. bruneri, O. labis, O. tuberculata, and Aetheca wagneri are vectors of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. The presence and abundance of some fleas differed between sites and seasons. Neopsylla inopina and O. rupestris were the most abundant species at the urban site during the spring and summer, respectively, while O. bruneri was the most abundant species at the rural site. Our findings may have implications for the management of the black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in southwestern Saskatchewan because they coexist with U. richardsonii, are hosts for Oropsylla, and are at great risk of plague exposure/infection.

Oxygen distribution in bed and safety analysis during hydrogen purification process from oxygen-containing feed gas

In order to analysis the oxygen distribution in the adsorption bed during the hydrogen purification process from oxygen-containing feed gas and the safety of device operation, this article established a non-isothermal model for the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation process of 4-component (H2/O2/N2/CH4), and adopted a composite adsorption bed of activated carbon and molecular sieve. In this article, the oxygen distribution in the adsorption bed under different feed gas oxygen contents, different adsorption pressures, and different product hydrogen purity was studied for both vacuuming process and purging process. The study shows that during the process from the end of adsorption to the end of providing purging, the peak value of oxygen concentration in the adsorption bed gradually increases, with the highest value exceeding 30 times the oxygen content of the feed gas. Moreover, the concentration multiplier of oxygen in the adsorption bed increases with the increase of the adsorption pressure, decreases with the increase of the oxygen content in the feed gas, and increases with the decrease of the hydrogen product purity. When the oxygen content in the feed gas reaches 0.3% (vol), the peak value of oxygen concentration in the adsorption bed exceeds 10% (vol), which will make the front part of the oxygen concentration peak fall in an explosion limit range. As the decrease of product hydrogen content, the oxygen concentration peak in the adsorption bed will gradually move forward to the adsorption bed outlet, and even penetrate through the adsorption bed. And during the process of the oxygen concentration peak moving forward, the oxygen will enter the pipeline at the outlet of the adsorption bed, which will make the pipeline space of high-speed gas flow into an explosion range, bringing great risk to the device. The preferred option for safe operation of PSA for hydrogen purification from oxygen-containing feed gas is to deoxygenate the feed gas. When deoxygenation is not available, a lower adsorption pressure and a higher product hydrogen purity (greater than or equal to 99.9% (vol)) can be used to avoid the gas in the adsorption bed outlet pipeline being in the explosion range.

Risk Factors and Prediction Model for Pressure Injuries in Patients Undergoing Da vinci Surgery: Stress Injury in Da vinci Surgery Patients.

Most patients present at high risk of perioperative pressure injury. Patients may experience severe agony from pressure injuries, which can also result in potentially fatal infections and increase hospital stays and medical expenses. This is a critical issue that requires immediate attention and resolution. From December 2019 to August 2023, 335 patients receiving Da vinci surgery in a grade A tertiary hospital were chosen to serve as the participants, and univariate analysis and patients undergoing Da vinci surgery had their risk factors for pressure injuries screened using logistic regression analysis, and in patients having Da vinci surgery, a pressure injury risk prediction model was developed. Among 335 patients, 195 patients acquired pressure injuries, and the results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, length of surgery, BMI, and nasogastric tube (NGT) were independent risk factors for pressure injuries (p<0.05). With great risk prediction ability, the risk prediction model for pressure injuries in patients undergoing Da vinci surgery established in this study can be used as an effective assessment tool.

ACOG Committee Statement No. 13: Self-Managed Abortion.

Self-managed abortion (SMA) refers to actions people take to end a pregnancy outside the formal health care system. There are a variety of reasons people choose to self-manage their abortions, and these reasons may vary based on regional contexts. For some people, medically delivered abortion care is no longer, or has never been, available in their community. Available options might be inaccessible or unacceptable, or the person might have a preference for self-managed care as a primary choice. The majority of SMAs are completed safely with misoprostol, either alone or with mifepristone. Rare medical complications should be managed as they would be in any case of spontaneous pregnancy loss. For many people, the greatest risk of harm related to SMA comes from the threat of criminalization. Many U.S. states have at least one law in place that could be misused to prosecute people attempting or assisting with SMA. Criminalization makes people less safe and harms the confidential patient-practitioner relationship. Obstetrician-gynecologists and other health care professionals should provide all people with compassionate, nonjudgmental medical care, including those presenting before, during, or after self-managing an abortion.

More green, less annoying? The moderating effects of greenery near home, noise sensitivity, and nature relatedness on road traffic noise annoyance

Noise is one of the greatest environmental health risks causing health issues via stress, deteriorated sleep, and annoyance. Noise annoyance is partially explained by measurable sound characteristics, and partially by other environmental, situational, and individual factors. Greenery might decrease noise annoyance via hiding the noise source, facilitating psycho-physiological restoration, and masking noise. However, whether greenery near home and some individual traits moderate the effect of road traffic noise on noise annoyance has been rarely assessed in everyday life. Using cross-sectional Environmental Health survey (n = 7321) collected at the Finnish capital region in 2015–16, we analysed the interactions between road traffic noise, green space, tree cover density, green view from home, noise sensitivity and nature relatedness on noise annoyance, using logistic regression modeling. Covariates included age, gender, socio-economic indicators, living floor, and the direction of windows. More green space and greater tree coverage around home were associated with lower odds of road traffic noise annoyance when road traffic noise was < 60 dB Lden but increasingly higher odds at higher noise levels. No other interactions were found. Green view was only tentatively associated with lower odds of noise annoyance. Noise sensitivity and nature relatedness were related to greater odds of noise annoyance. In conclusion, greenery might mitigate noise annoyance at low-to-moderate road traffic noise levels. At higher noise levels, greenery may even increase noise annoyance. This could be due to incongruency between expected and actualised soundscapes in greener areas. However, more studies, especially interventions, are needed to confirm this.

Prevalence and associated factors of passive suicidal ideation in a population treated by a community mental health unit.

Suicide is a major public health problem affecting an increasing number of people. It is a complex and multicausal phenomenon whose first step is passive suicidal ideation (PSI). The identification of people with PSI could facilitate specific interventions with those who are at greater risk and/or suffering. To explore the frequency of passive suicidal ideation (PSI) and its association with sociodemographic, psychological, and psychopathological variables in a sample of persons seen in first consultation in a community mental health unit. Data from 2,354 persons seen in first consultation in a community mental health unit were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative variables, and frequency distribution was used for qualitative variables. Differences between groups were explored using the t-test for independent groups and Chi-square for qualitative variables. The results showed a high frequency of these ideas in the analyzed sample, with a notable prevalence where more than half of the subjects (55.6%) reported experiencing these ideas in the last 2 weeks. There was a significant association of these ideas with sociodemographic variables such as age, type of cohabitation, and employment status. Likewise, significant positive associations were observed with symptom severity (depressive and anxious) and with the functional impact of these symptoms, with an increase in the PSI as symptom intensity and functional impact increase. Experiential avoidance and social support also showed a highly significant association with PSI. There was an increase in PSI as experiential avoidance increased and a decrease in PSI as social support increased. The high prevalence of PSI within the clinical mental health sample highlights the critical need for targeted interventions. The significant associations with sociodemographic variables, symptom severity, functional impact, experiential avoidance, and social support emphasize the multifaceted nature of PSI and the importance of addressing these factors in clinical practice to effectively reduce PSI and improve overall mental health outcomes.

Risk‐Taking in Bluebirds After Exposure to a Nest Predator Relates to Parental Roles and Shows Little Cooperation Between Partners

ABSTRACTParents may experience a trade‐off between caring for offspring and protecting themselves from predators. The reproductive value hypothesis predicts that parents should take more risks for older, more valuable offspring, whereas the harm to offspring hypothesis predicts that parents should risk more for vulnerable offspring that would suffer most from a lack of parental care at the moment. After exposing parent mountain bluebirds (Sialia, currucoides) to a model predator, we recorded latency times for them to touch, to look into, and to enter their nestbox and the number of times they inspected the box across three breeding stages: nest‐building, incubation and nestling‐rearing. Females took greater risks than males during the nest‐building and incubation stages by inspecting and entering boxes sooner and more times, consistent with their role in parental care at those early breeding stages that requires them to enter the box. Risk‐taking in males was consistent with the reproductive value hypothesis, increasing across breeding stages. In contrast, females took the greatest risk during incubation, consistent with the harm to offspring hypothesis. Furthermore, the riskiest behaviours were not correlated between pair members, and both sexes assumed the risk to first inspect the nestbox approximately equally. This suggests there is not a ‘war of attrition’ between mates over risk‐taking, but neither was there cooperation by the male to facilitate the rapid resumption of parental care by his mate. The results highlight that patterns of investment in nest defense in birds may be sex‐specific.

Relationships Among Soda and Energy Drink Consumption, Substance Use, Mental Health and Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescents

Background/Objectives: Energy drink (ED) use is increasing among children and adolescents, but little is known about the impacts on health, including substance use and mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between soda and ED consumption and substance use, mental health, and risk taking in a nationally representative sample of high school students. Methods: We used data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) from New Jersey, Montana, and Florida to assess these relationships using binary and multinomial regression analyses to determine odds ratios, comparing non-consumers with daily consumers. The sample was 10,548 adolescents (51.6% female) between the ages of 13–19 years. Results: Daily soda and ED consumption were associated with greater odds of substance use (OR(95% CI): 5.8 (3.7, 6.9)/10.2 (6.4, 16.3)), poorer mental health (OR(95% CI): 2.6 (1.3, 4.8)/1.8 (1.2, 2.8), and higher odds of eating fast food (OR(95% CI): 17.2 (8.9, 33)/10.6 (5.6, 19.9). These effects were moderated by sex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that soda and ED use are associated with greater risk taking among adolescents and that these relationships are moderated by sex. Future studies should determine the directionality of these relationships and examine the impact of reduced soda and ED consumption on health behaviors in children and adolescents.

Convergence and Divergence Tendencies in the European Union: New Evidence on the Productivity/Institutional Puzzle

The World Bank (WB) has described the European Union (EU) as a convergence machine, and the real and institutional convergence has been achieved for a long period of time, and EU’s cohesion policy, alongside the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), remains crucial for driving reforms and fostering investments that promote growth. But, in the last two decades this convergence machine has stopped working, and the convergence process has turned in the divergence. The divergence process poses a great risk for the smooth functioning of the EU, and it increases vulnerability of the EU to negative economic shocks. Productivity and institutional convergence are a necessary precondition for the smooth functioning of the EU, reducing differences in standards of living, increasing resilience, and achieving environmental sustainability. In the present paper, we will apply log t-test over the period 2003–2023 to investigate the formation of productivity and institutional convergence clusters. Our goal is to identify which countries belong to the poor productivity/institutional clubs, and to provide the necessary policy implications. Results indicate the existence of multiple steady states, which means that EU is vulnerable to external economic shocks

Sleep Hygiene Within the Fire Service: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Firefighters are valuable members of society, prioritizing and assisting in public safety. Although the occupation is physically demanding, firefighters are at great risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Although cardiovascular disease, obesity, and hypertension are preventable, the risk remains prominent in the fire service. Firefighters respond to emergencies throughout the day and night, causing disruptions and insufficient sleep, which may hinder their health and ability to accomplish occupational tasks. Adequate sleep quantity and quality are vital for both cognitive functioning and performance. Decrements in sleep duration or quality may have immediate detrimental impacts on firefighters' ability to perform occupational duties and further increase the risk of injury. Furthermore, poor sleep habits also negatively affect chronic health, heightening the precedented health concerns of this population. Understanding the effects of poor sleep hygiene and how to counteract inadequate sleep may reduce the risk of chronic health problems and allow firefighters to consistently accomplish occupational performance tasks. This narrative review describes the effects of poor sleep and the implication of quality sleep hygiene regimens that may provide the fire service.

Predicting Early Dropout in a Digital Tobacco Cessation Intervention: Replication and Extension Study.

Detecting early dropout from digital interventions is crucial for developing strategies to enhance user retention and improve health-related behavioral outcomes. Bricker and colleagues proposed a single metric that accurately predicted early dropout from 4 digital tobacco cessation interventions based on log-in data in the initial week after registration. Generalization of this method to additional interventions and modalities would strengthen confidence in the approach and facilitate additional research drawing on it to increase user retention. This study had two research questions (RQ): RQ1-can the study by Bricker and colleagues be replicated using data from a large-scale observational, multimodal intervention to predict early dropout? and RQ2-can first-week engagement patterns identify users at the greatest risk for early dropout, to inform development of potential "rescue" interventions? Data from web users were drawn from EX, a freely available, multimodal digital intervention for tobacco cessation (N=70,265). First-week engagement was operationalized as any website page views or SMS text message responses within 1 week after registration. Early dropout was defined as having no subsequent engagement after that initial week through 1 year. First, a multivariate regression model was used to predict early dropout. Model predictors were dichotomous measures of engagement in each of the initial 6 days (days 2-7) following registration (day 1). Next, 6 univariate regression models were compared in terms of their discrimination ability to predict early dropout. The sole predictor of each model was a dichotomous measure of whether users had reengaged with the intervention by a particular day of the first week (calculated separately for each of 2-7 days). For RQ1, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the multivariate model in predicting dropout after 1 week was 0.72 (95% CI 0.71-0.73), which was within the range of AUC metrics found in the study by Bricker and colleagues. For RQ2, the AUCs of the univariate models increased with each successive day until day 4 (0.66, 95% CI 0.65-0.67). The sensitivity of the models decreased (range 0.79-0.59) and the specificity increased (range 0.48-0.73) with each successive day. This study provides independent validation of the use of first-week engagement to predict early dropout, demonstrating that the method generalizes across intervention modalities and engagement metrics. As digital intervention researchers continue to address the challenges of low engagement and early dropout, these results suggest that first-week engagement is a useful construct with predictive validity that is robust across interventions and definitions. Future research should explore the applicability and efficiency of this model to develop interventions to increase retention and improve health behavioral outcomes.

Return to Sports After Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty of the hip has become one of the most successful surgical interventions and has seen significant advancements over the last century. With these developments, patient expectations have shifted from merely achieving pain-free daily mobility to anticipating a full recovery, including the ability to participate in sports. This shift has driven innovations in prosthetic materials and surgical techniques, such as the development of wear-resistant materials like highly cross-linked polyethylene and the adoption of minimally invasive procedures to enhance recovery.However, concerns persist among patients about the risks of resuming sports postoperatively, particularly the fear of prosthesis-related accidents or failures. A survey of 300 German surgeons identified periprosthetic fractures as the greatest risk, followed by polyethylene wear and implant loosening. The study also examines osteoporosis as a risk factor, suggesting that while sports can help prevent periprosthetic osteoporosis, high-energy trauma may increase the severity of injuries. Although modern prosthetic materials have reduced wear and improved durability, the type and intensity of physical activity continue to influence prosthesis longevity.Therefore, it is recommended that low-impact sports be resumed 3-6 months postoperatively, while high-impact sports should be approached with caution, particularly during the first year after surgery, to minimize the risk of complications. Coordination training before and after surgery is also emphasized to reduce the risk of falls and injuries. In summary, the study highlights that high-impact sports cannot be generally recommended, as coordination deficits may persist for up to 12 months following total hip replacement. Such activities should only be considered later-on and only by patients who are experienced in these specific sports.

How do ice anglers and their fishing behaviors differ from non‐ice anglers? Insights drawn from a large‐scale survey of anglers from Ontario, Canada

AbstractObjectiveThe research goal was to understand who are ice and non‐ice (i.e., open water only) fishers and how do they fish (e.g., target species choice and travel distance to fishing sites). To achieve this goal, hypotheses were developed and tested that ice fishing participation and fishing behaviors would be influenced by (1) the availability of quality ice fishing opportunities, (2) the commitment level of the angler to fishing, and (3) the urban or rural location of residence and gender identity of an angler.MethodsDifferences between ice and non‐ice fishers from Ontario, Canada, were assessed using inferential statistics and general linear models and cross tabulations from responses to a large‐scale survey of resident Ontario anglers in 2020.ResultIce fishing participation rates were higher among fishers who resided in areas with longer (better quality) ice fishing seasons; showed increased commitment to fishing by purchasing more expensive fishing licenses and fishing more days during the open‐water season; and were rural residents, males, and younger individuals. When compared to open water, ice fishing activity was more spatially constrained and heavily targeted towards fish species that prefer cool‐ or coldwater habitats. Even among ice fishers, these individuals targeted cool‐ and coldwater fish species at higher rates during the ice than open‐water fishing seasons.ConclusionIce fishers differ from non‐ice fishers in who they are (more likely to be male, rural, and younger), how they connect to fishing (more likely to be committed to fishing), and how they fish (more likely to target cool‐ and coldwater species). These differences suggest that some water bodies (e.g., those near angling populations that hold coldwater fish species) may be at a greater risk from being overexploited during the ice than open‐water season.