Great Panic Research Articles

Host-specific SRSF7 regulates polymerase activity and replication of influenza A virus

Avian influenza viruses crossing the host barrier to infect humans have caused great panic in human society and seriously threatened public health. Herein, we revealed that knockdown of SRSF7 significantly down-regulated influenza virus titers and viral protein expression. We further observed for the first time that human SRSF7, but not avian SRSF7, significantly inhibited polymerase activity (PB2627E). Molecular mapping demonstrated that amino acids 206 to 228 of human SRSF7 play a decisive role in regulating the polymerase activity, which contains the amino acid motif absent in avian SRSF7. Importantly, our results illustrated that the PB2627K-encoding influenza virus induces SRSF7 protein degradation more strongly via the lysosome pathway and not via the proteasome pathway. Functional enrichment analysis of SRSF7-related KEGG pathways indicated that SRSF7 is closely related to cell growth and death. Lastly, our results showed that knocking down SRSF7 interferes with normal polymerase activity. Taken together, our results advance our understanding of interspecies transmission and our findings point out new targets for the development of drugs preventing or treating influenza virus infection.

Epidemiological investigation of Senecavirus A infection in pig herds in China from 2018 to 2021.

Senecaviurs A (SVA) infection, an emerging infectious disease in pig populations, is characterized by vesicular lesions predominantly affecting the mouth, snout, and hooves of infected pigs, similar to the symptoms of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). This disease first spread into China in 2015, causing great panic in the pig breeding industry. To determine the prevalence of SVA in pig herds in China from 2018 to 2021, a total of 4,901 pig tissue samples were collected from 18 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (P.A.M.s) for epidemiological investigation, virus isolation and genetic analysis. In 2021, the individual positive rates (IPRs) from the perspective of spatial distribution in East China, South China, Central China, North China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China were 0, 0, 1.69, 0.94, 11.70, 3.31 and 2.21%, respectively. The herd positive rates (HPRs) were 0, 0, 9.52, 9.09, 50.00, 7.69 and 23.08%. From the perspective of temporal distribution, the IPR showed an overall downwards trend from 2018 to 2021, with only a slight increase in 2020. Moreover, the HPR decreased from 36.63 to 10.07%. From the perspective of population distribution in 2021, the IPR (2.62%) and HPR (12.00%) in apparently healthy pig herds (slaughterhouses) were greater than those in non-healthy pig herds (2.10 and 5.13%, respectively), consistent with the results in 2019. To characterize the prevalent strains, 10 SVA strains isolated from positive samples in 2019 were clustered in Clades I and VII; SVA-FJ039-2019, SVA-HuN032-2019, SVA-GX011-2019, SVA-FJ036-2019, SVA-GXF011-2019 and SVA-GXF053-2019 were clustered in Clade I; and SVA-FJ018-2019, SVA-SD069-2019, SVA-SD072-2019, and SVA-SD074-2019 were clustered in Clade VII. In conclusion, until 2021, the prevalence of SVA in pig herds in China was still relatively high, the contaminated area was still large, and there were a number of hidden infections. In the future, the epidemic status of SVA in pig herds in China must be closely monitored and the prevention and control measures must be adjusted in a timely manner.

Short-term effects of intravenous batroxobin in treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a propensity score-matched study.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) can cause great panic in patients. Whether it is advantageous to add intravenous batroxobin in the treatment of SSNHL remains to be determined. This study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy of therapy combined with intravenous batroxobin and that without intravenous batroxobin in SSNHL patients. This retrospective study harvested the data of SSNHL patients hospitalized in our department from January 2008 to April 2021. The hearing levels on the admitted day (before treatment) and the discharge day were considered pre-treatment hearing and post-treatment hearing, respectively. The hearing gain was the difference value of pre-treatment hearing and post-treatment hearing. We used Siegel's criteria and the Chinese Medical Association of Otolaryngology (CMAO) criteria to evaluate hearing recovery. The complete recovery rate, overall effective rate, and hearing gain at each frequency were considered outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance the baseline characteristics between the batroxobin group and the non-batroxobin group. Sensitivity analysis was carried out in flat-type and total-deafness SSNHL patients. During the study period, 657 patients with SSNHL were admitted to our department. Among them, a total of 274 patients met the enrolled criteria of our study. After PSM, 162 patients (81 in each group) were included in the analysis. Once the hospitalized treatment was completed, the patients would be discharged the next day. Logistic regression analysis of the propensity score-matched cohort indicated that both the complete recovery rates [Siegel's criteria, OR: 0.734, 95% CI: 0.368-1.466, p = 0.381; CMAO criteria, OR: 0.879, 95% CI: 0.435-1.777, p = 0.720] and the overall effective rates [Siegel's criteria and CMAO criteria, OR: 0.741, 95% CI: 0.399-1.378, p = 0.344] were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Sensitivity analysis has shown similar results. For flat-type and total-deafness SSNHL patients, no significant difference was found in post-treatment hearing gain at each frequency between the two groups after PSM. There was no significant difference in short-term hearing outcomes between treatment with batroxobin and treatment without batroxobin in SSNHL patients by Siegel's and CMAO criteria after PSM. Future studies for better therapy regimens of SSNHL are still needed.

How The Health Professionals Seen In Two University Hospitals In Madagascar Cope With Covid-19?

Madagascar, a developing country, is not spared by the covid-19 pandemic. Since the official declaration by the President of the Republic on the existence of the first three confirmed cases on March 19, 2020, great panic for both the general population and health professionals has been noted. In addition, the information disseminated by the media concerning mainly the number of confirmed deaths, amplified the fear of health professionals. The Covid-19 pandemic has alarming implications for individual and collective health and emotional and social functioning

ONE BELT, ONE ROAD, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL CARBON MARKET, RISK INDICATOR SYSTEM, FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

ONE BELT, ONE ROAD, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL CARBON MARKET, RISK INDICATOR SYSTEM, FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

THE INFLUENCE OF STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL SUPERVISION ON ALLEVIATING INVESTORS' PSYCHOLOGICAL ANXIETY

BackgroundFinancial supervision is the general name of financial supervision and financial management. While reviewing the 30-year history of financial supervision, this paper uses scientific and objective quantitative methods to calculate the supervision cycle, which plays an important role in grasping the development law of financial market and implementing financial supervision policies. This paper aims to study the periodic change law of financial supervision and the change of “psychological state” of financial supervision institutions in the process of financial supervision. This paper introduces the dependent variable “financial supervision state” to reflect the “psychological state” of the government. In addition, by using observable macroeconomic indicators, an empirical measurement model is established to study the intangible state of financial supervision with visible macroeconomic data.Research Objects and MethodsSeven factors are selected in this paper. They are real GDP growth rate (GDP), fixed price loan growth rate (FIL), CPI growth rate (CPI), M2 growth rate (MS2), foreign exchange reserve growth rate (FRS), social financing growth rate (SFC) and Shanghai composite index growth rate (SHI). Then, the econometric model is established by using logit method. At the same time, it analyzes the correlation between investors' psychological state and venture capital level, especially the factors of investors' anxiety. The reliability and validity of QSC scale revised by Chinese Academy of Sciences were analyzed. The total correlation coefficients of venture capital decision-making, emotional anxiety, job stress and job satisfaction were greater than 0.5. The scale has high reliability. For effectiveness analysis, the scales used in each structure in this paper, this paper takes emotional labor as independent variable and work stress as dependent variable to explore the impact of emotional labor on work stress.,ResultsFirst, fil and CPI were significant in different models. At the same time, MS2 is of great significance in a model. In fact, CPI is an important factor when regulators design macroeconomic, monetary and financial policies. Second, GDP, FRS, SFC, Shi and other indicators are not significant at this stage and the lag stage of financial supervision. In some literatures, relevant factors are used to study and judge the financial supervision cycle, and some conclusions are drawn. However, based on the above results, we have reservations about these conclusions. Model 58 in SPSS macro compiled by Hayes (2013) is used to test the regulated mediation model. As shown in Table 4, the anterior / posterior pathways of mediating effect are regulated by regulation difficulty. The simple slope test of the anterior path showed that when the level of regulation difficulty was low, interpersonal emotion regulation had a significant positive predictive effect on expression inhibition (β = 0.08, t = 7.91, p ＜ 0.001); When the level of regulation difficulty is high, the positive predictive effect of interpersonal emotion regulation on expression inhibition is significantly enhanced (β = 0.12, t = 11.04, p ＜ 0.001). This shows that the predictive power of interpersonal emotion regulation on expression inhibition is significantly enhanced with the increase of the level of emotion regulation difficulty. β A positive value indicates that the level of psychological state has a positive and significant impact on drug investment.ConclusionFil and CPI are helpful to analyze and judge the financial supervision cycle. In addition, the model can also be used to predict the state of financial supervision, so as to understand the “psychological state” of the government in the implementation of financial supervision. However, this paper still needs further discussion. Firstly, the fuzzy division of financial supervision has the nature of qualitative analysis and still has strong subjectivity. Second, multicollinearity exists in models that use all seven factors. With the help of principal component analysis and factor analysis, the information of multiple indicators can reflect the information of all factors. It will be discussed in depth in the forthcoming paper. Especially as a global public health emergency, the severity of novel coronavirus disease has caused great panic in the world, shaken the minds of investors and triggered fluctuations in the stock market. The pandemic has had varying degrees of impact on drug inventory returns in the world's most affected countries. However, with the control of Internet public opinion and the stability of investor sentiment, the impact is significant in the short term. This will help China improve the stock market emergency mechanism and formulate phased and differentiated economic incentive policies. It provides a theoretical basis for investors to reasonably deal with stock market fluctuations in an emergency.AcknowledgementsSupported by Key Project of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Science of Ministry of Education of China (No. 15JJD790013), Characteristic Innovation Project of Higher Education in Guangdong Province, China (No. 2016WTSCX131), Higher Education Reform Project of Undergraduate Finance Major in Guangdong Province, China (No. 2018JR030).

Associations Between the Perceived Severity of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Cyberchondria, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Lockdown Experience: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

BackgroundThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused great panic among the public, with many people suffering from adverse stress reactions. To control the spread of the pandemic, governments in many countries have imposed lockdown policies. In this unique pandemic context, people can obtain information about pandemic dynamics on the internet. However, searching for health-related information on the internet frequently increases the possibility of individuals being troubled by the information that they find, and consequently, experiencing symptoms of cyberchondria.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the relationships between people’s perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression, anxiety, and stress to explore the role of cyberchondria, which, in these relationship mechanisms, is closely related to using the internet. In addition, we also examined the moderating role of lockdown experiences.MethodsIn February 2020, a total of 486 participants were recruited through a web-based platform from areas in China with a large number of infections. We used questionnaires to measure participants’ perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, to measure the severity of their cyberchondria, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and to assess their lockdown experiences. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, common method bias, descriptive statistical analysis, and correlation analysis were performed, and moderated mediation models were examined.ResultsThere was a positive association between perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and depression (β=0.36, t=8.51, P<.001), anxiety (β=0.41, t=9.84, P<.001), and stress (β=0.46, t=11.45, P<.001), which were mediated by cyberchondria (β=0.36, t=8.59, P<.001). The direct effects of perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety (β=0.07, t=2.01, P=.045) and stress (β=0.09, t=2.75, P=.006) and the indirect effects of cyberchondria on depression (β=0.10, t=2.59, P=.009) and anxiety (β=0.10, t=2.50, P=.01) were moderated by lockdown experience.ConclusionsThe higher the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the more serious individuals’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, the associations were partially mediated by cyberchondria. Individuals with higher perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop cyberchondria, which aggravated individuals’ depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Negative lockdown experiences exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mental health.

The Influencing Factors of Sleep Quality Among Chinese Junior and Senior High School Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundSince coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, its terrible infectiousness has caused great panic, anxiety and poor sleep quality to the vulnerable adolescent populations.MethodsThis cross-sectional online survey recruited 10 569 Chinese junior and senior high school adolescents during 31 January to 9 February 2020. Basic socio-demographic information, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) were included in the survey. The χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors correlated with poor sleep quality.ResultsThe prevalence of poor sleep quality was 18.6% in the Chinese adolescent population. The average score of PSQI was 3.39 (SD = 2.64), which was significantly correlated with scores for anxiety (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), and FNE (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). Adjusted logistic regression indicated that gender (females) and education (senior high school) were associated with poor sleep quality, while living in Hubei Province and time spent on the COVID-19 information were inversely associated with poor sleep quality. Having a family member or friend infected/suspected and spending time on electronics were associated with higher odds of having poor sleep quality. Adolescents with anxiety were 8 times, and those with FNE were three times more likely than ones without anxiety or FNE to have poor sleep quality. In addition, the number of meals, exercise time and diet quality were also significantly associated with sleep quality. (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPoor sleep quality was common during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese adolescents. Understanding several factors associated with the poor sleep quality will offer some important insights into determining potential interventions to improve sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Efficacy of High-Dose Nebulized Interferon α 2b in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.

The COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly, sending the world into a great panic. Healthcare professionals have responded by embarking on a concerted search for therapies to cure and prevent COVID-19. Recently, interferon (IFN) has emerged as a potential therapy as it is associated with reducing lung inflammation and suppressing viral replication. This research paper assessed the efficacy of high-dose nebulized IFN α 2b in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a retrospective study. It commenced on April 9 and ended on June 17, 2020. Researchers selected participants from hospitalized patients aged 18 years and above who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Other inclusion criteria were bilateral pneumonia on lung or chest X-ray scan and severe respiratory distress. SMART-COP, which is a risk stratification scoring tool, and radiologic severity index (RSI) were used to assess pneumonia severity. Patients in the treatment cohort received nebulized IFN α 2b at a dose of 10 million IU every 12 hours for 5 days, in addition to standard treatment. Patients in the control cohort received standard treatment only. Seventy-three patients met the inclusion criteria; 37 were included in the treatment cohort and 36 in the control cohort. Mechanical ventilation was needed in 14 of 36 (38.9%) patients in the control cohort, compared with 6 of 37 (27.4%) patients in the treatment cohort (HR 5.62 [95% CI 1.81-17.48]; P = .003). For pneumonia severity, there was a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.72 [95% CI 1.74- 7.98]; P = ·.01. After 5 days of treatment, chest X-rays indicated significant beneficial changes in the treatment group (HR 2.24 [CI 1.05-4.79]; P = .036). Multivariate analysis revealed that pneumonia severity and RSI remained higher in the control group. The HR was 3.44 [95% CI 1.49-7.94]; P = .004 and 2.26 [95% CI 0.99-5.16]; P = .05, respectively. There was an increase in liver aminotransferases in 5 (14%) participants in the control cohort and 3 (8%) participants in the treatment cohort. High-dose nebulized IFN α 2b has potential efficacy in mitigating severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This study established that administering high-dose nebulized IFN α 2b significantly reduces pneumonia severity in COVID-19 patients. We also found a strong relationship between using nebulized IFN α 2b and reduced need for mechanical ventilation among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. However, a well-designed control trial is needed to confirm the drug's efficacy in reducing the COVID-19 pneumonia severity.

Psychological Profiles of Chinese Patients With Hemodialysis During the Panic of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Hemodialysis patients not only suffer from somatic disorders but are also at high risks of psychiatric problems. Early this year, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great panic and anxiety worldwide. The impact of this acute public health event on the psychological status of hemodialysis patients and its relationship with their quality of life have not been fully investigated.Methods: This study comprised two parts. The initial study enrolled maintenance hemodialysis patients treated in Ruijin Hospital for more than 3 months from March to May 2020 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Patients completed three questionnaires including the Impact of Events Scale–Revised (IES-R), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Short Form (SF). Follow-up study was performed from December 2020 to January 2021, when the pandemic of COVID-19 has been effectively contained in China. Only patients enrolled in the initial study were approached to participate in the follow-up study.Results: There were 273 maintenance dialysis patients enrolled in the initial study and 247 finished the follow-up study. For the initial study, the estimated prevalence of nonspecific psychiatric morbidity was 45.8% (125/273) by GHQ-28. By IES-R, 53/273 (19.4%) patients presented with total scores above 24 that reflected clinical concerns. We found a significant difference regarding KDQOL scores between patients with different stress response (IES-R) groups (p = 0.026). Our follow-up study showed that KDQOL and SF-36 scores were significantly improved in comparison with those in the initial study (p = 0.006 and p = 0.031, respectively). Though total scores of GHQ-28 and IES-R did not change significantly, some subscales improved with statistical significance. Furthermore, gender, education background, and duration of hemodialysis were three factors that may affect patients' mental health, quality of life, or health status while dialysis duration was the only variable that correlated with those parameters. However, these correlations were combined effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the dialysis itself.Conclusions: We found a correlation between changes in the mental health status of dialysis patients and changes in their quality of life. These responses were also mediated by patients' psychosocial parameters. Our results urge the necessity of psychotherapeutic interventions for some patients during this event.

MODELLING AND FORECASTING DAILY MORTALITY RATE OF COVID-19 IN ECOWAS: EVIDENCE FROM ARIMA MODEL

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has claimed thousands of lives over the past 6 months and counting, has resulted in great panic by many worldwide, as the number of death cases is now monotonically growing by the day. This paper isaimed at developing a suitable Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which shall be used to fit a most appropriate model for the daily number of total deaths recorded in ECOWAS that are traceable to the COVID-19 pandemic. We discovered that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) was the most appropriate model for forecasting the number of COVID-19 related deaths recorded in ECOWAS. A forecast of 234 days from 11th May, 2020 to 31th December, 2020, was carried out and we discovered that, the COVID-19 mortality in ECOWAS may likely take a daily upward trend for the next 6 months.

Swarm intelligence, social force and multi-agent modeling of heroic altruism behaviors under collective risks

Terrorists usually choose to attack soft targets, with low self-protection abilities and resistance strengths, such as schools, campus, public squares, railway stations, etc. Under great panic, civilians attacked tend to escape aimlessly and disorderly. Hence, colliding, pushing, and trampling will take place and lead to indirect deaths and injuries. If some heroes with the spirit of altruism, coming from civilians, stand up and fight terrorists bravely, the injuries and deaths will be greatly reduced. Agent-based modeling is built to explore the role of heroes during terrorist attacks. The particle system of three categories of agents, civilians, terrorists & heroes, is built to simulate the Peshawar School Case in 2014. Multiple action rules and mechanisms are introduced, such as swarm intelligence, information communication, self-organized behaviors, and heroic behaviors. We run each simulation repeatedly for 100 times to obtain averaged (robust) outcomes. The optimal combination of parameters, which best matches real outcomes, will be solved accordingly. It indicates that: (a) the self-organizing of crowd behaviors greatly improves the survival rate of civilians. Hence, well-planned trainings of counter-terrorists emergence responses can enhance capabilities of civilians; (b) people should learn from birds’ swarm behavior in crowd evacuations. As a swarm intelligence pathway, small groups and information sharing during crowd escape simulations can greatly improve survival rates; and (c) the society should encourage more people to be altruistic heroes who are acting prosocially. Besides, it suggests that more heroes bring safer overall outcomes for civilians and even for heroes themselves.

China’s Experience in Controlling COVID-19

Background: In less than a year, COVID-19 has swept the world and continued, too, seriously threatening the safety of all mankind, and caused great social panic and global economic and financial crisis. At the beginning, the epidemic was first diagnosed in China and the epidemic was severe. Under the strong command of the highest level of the Chinese government, the whole Chinese people united as one, and achieved initial results in the struggle against COVID-19 with scientific prevention and control. Objective: Summarizing China’s experience and lessons in combating the epidemic is undoubtedly very beneficial to the people of the world in jointly combating the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Measures: The article shows the imminent Chinese experience in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It details the lines of action and the measures taken to control this epidemic in the country where the population is quite large. The most important experience is: strong organizational leadership, enhanced cooperation with the WHO, the establishment of a national anti-epidemic headquarters, responsible for the command and control of human, financial and material resources throughout the country, and local officials at all levels in the front line of the epidemic, Heart to heart with the people, breathing together and sharing a common destiny. Prevention is the first, prevention and treatment are combined. All measures were taken to control the source of infection, cut off the spread and protect susceptible people. Conclusion: As long as the people of the world unite, make scientific decisions and learn from the successful experience of countries around the world, especially the China’s experience, combine the national conditions of each country, and use the wisdom of all man-kind to deal with the common enemy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, we can definitely win this people’s war against the disease.

A smartphone-integrated method for visual detection of tetracycline

• A multi-color fluorescence nanosensor based on Lap was manufactured. • It can realize the detection of tetracycline from 30 nM to 54 μM. • It was highly desirable for fulfilling the requirement for food quality. • Tetracycline can be recognized by chromaticity analysis APP on the smartphone. • It provided the possibility for the application in the field of intelligent devices. The emergence of “superbugs”, which can cause great panic, has been proved to be related to the pollution of antibiotics in the environment water and food. It is of great research value to develop a portable, on-site and simple method for sensitive and selective detection of antibiotics. In this work, a laponite-based dual-channel fluorescent nanoprobe for the detection of tetracycline (TC) was manufactured through a simple assembly process. The nanoprobe can detect TC within two concentration channel from as low as 30 nM up to 54 μM with a detection limit of 9.5 nM, which met the needs in various analytical samples and showed excellent selectivity over various interferers. More significantly, the paper-based and glove-based visual probes were devised for the detection of TC by multi-color fluorescence change. And the tetracycline was also measured in milk, honey and lake after post-treatment of the samples. Combined with smartphone chromaticity analysis application (APP), the portable and disposable detection of TC can be realized. In addition, according to the fluorescence color change of the probe corresponding to the concentration of TC, two logic gates were also designed, which provided the possibility for the application of the probe in the field of smart devices.

A simulation study of tenability for passengers in a railway tunnel with arson fire

Many arson fires occurred recently in railway systems in different countries. Arson fire occurring inside railway tunnel with a crowded train could give rise to serious consequences. The severity of tunnel fire increases with the length of tunnel, the fire size and the presence of obstructions inside the tunnel. Thus investigation of different aspects of tunnel fire is important in tunnel design, fire safety, and rescue. While real-scale experimental study of tunnel fire is in general too demanding in terms of resources and feasibility, simulation has an important role to play in such studies. The present study employs the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS version 6.4.0) to perform simulation of arson fire in front of a train in an underground tunnel. The arson fire occurs in an underground tunnel of length 500 m, which resembles some subway tunnels in Hong Kong. The scenario consists of a metro train stopping inside the tunnel when an arson fire is set in front of the train. In addition, the worst scenario in which the mechanical ventilation system inside the tunnel is not functioning, either due to malicious damage or power failure, is assumed. Fire sizes of 6 MW to 16 MW for durations of 600 s, which are based on the amount of fuel that is likely to be brought to the spot by arsonists, are adopted for simulation. In the simulation, temperature inside the train car and smoke layer height, temperature, visibility and concentration of carbon monoxide at important locations outside the train are investigated. Most importantly, analysis of tenability in such a tunnel fire scenario is performed. The simulation results show that inside the train and near to the train front temperature could be a threatening factor while outside the train visibility and carbon monoxide concentration are threatening factors. Thus no general rule can be formulated in regards to whether passengers should stay inside the train or escape into the tunnel under the scenario studied. Provided that the train compartment is not too crowded and that the passengers are not in great panic, it would be safer to move inside the train to locations further away from the train front than to escape from the train and move in the tunnel where the geometrical environment is not favorable. In addition, the effect of longitudinal ventilation is investigated by comparing the results of simulation for an unventilated tunnel and a tunnel under a ventilation velocity of 2 m/s. The results of the present study could be of importance in drafting plans of rescue and evacuation in tunnel fires.

Postulation of Siddha Tri-Humoural Vitiation in Pathogenesis of Novel Corona Virus Disease

Background: Novel Coronavirus disease has emerged as a pandemic outbreak all over the world as declared by WHO on March 12, 2020. The outbreak has opened a new platform in the application of ancient knowledge of the Siddha system of medicine in treatment, management, and prevention of this prevailing pandemic emergency era. As the disease has no specific proven treatment, the severity and mortality rate of No-Cov disease is increasing rapidly day by day, causing a great panic among the public. According to Siddha science, any vitiation in the life force is the main of cause diseases in human beings. Pandemic diseases caused due to infectious microorganisms are coined ‘Kollai Noigal’ in various Siddha literature. To prevent the spread of this pandemic diseases, various preventive measures have been described. Aim and objective: To categorize the Novel Coronavirus disease based on the Siddha Humoural principles and To elicit the changes of Ninety-six Thatthuvam (Ninety - six basic principles), Uyir Thathukkal and Udal Thathukkal. Materials and methods: This study is carried out mainly by literature research. Various Siddha texts such as Sattamuni gnanam, Agathiyar Gunavagadam, Agathiyar vallathi Naadi, Theraiyar Sekarappa, Siddha maruthuvanaga churukkam, etc. Various COVID 19 research articles were critically reviewed from Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc. Discussion: By critically reviewing the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 with Siddha science, the authors mainly throw light on the involvement of all basic components of the three thodam particularly Mukkuttram verupadu (Tri humoral vitiation) in eliciting the pathogenesis of the disease. Conclusion: In this scientific review, the authors have attempted to comprehend the pathogenesis of Novel coronavirus disease in the context of Siddha's basic principles.

Rumor propagation model with consideration of scientific knowledge level and social reinforcement in heterogeneous network

In the Internet age, rumors bring great panic, research on the mechanism of propagation will help mitigate the bad influence of rumors. In this paper, we propose a modified rumor propagation model with consideration of scientific knowledge level and social reinforcement, and derive the mean-field equations that describe the dynamics of rumor propagation process. We obtain the rumor propagation threshold, which is closely related to scientific knowledge level and social reinforcement. The threshold of rumor propagation is increased by the scientific knowledge level, and the critical threshold of scientific knowledge level is also affected by the rumor propagation probability The results show that rumor propagates more quickly and more widely in people without scientific knowledge, while rumor propagates more slowly and the final size of the rumor is smaller in people with scientific knowledge. Positive social reinforcement will reduce the propagation threshold of rumor propagation, increase the propagation rate, and finally increase the rumor scale. Negative social reinforcement has the opposite effect on rumor. These results are verified by numerical simulations on scale-free networks. Research results also provide a good reference for future studies on how to control rumor propagation.

Agent-based modeling and simulations of terrorist attacks combined with stampedes

As a global problem, the terrorism leads to high death tolls each year. During terrorist attacks, the direct death is caused by terrorists attacking civilians. However, indirect death caused by stampedes should not be underestimated. Under great panic, most civilians were running disorderly, rushing into limited number of Exits, which causes stampede injuries and deaths. To explore this dual-mechanism dynamics, we build the agent-based modeling of particle system. Civilians lose blood when attacked, which is the attack mechanism, or crashed and trampled by others civilians, which is the stampede mechanism. For all civilians, the blood variable determines the physical status of being strong, healthy, weak, injured, and dead. Five key factors, such as the perception range, the number of Exits, the density of civilians, the number of terrorists, and attack strategies, are introduced into the model. We run each simulation repeatedly for multiple times and take the averaged survival rate, attack death, and stampede death as robust outcomes. The collision damage has the phase transition effects between stampede and attack deaths. The perception range R have the peak effect on the survival rate and the trough effect on both stampede and attack deaths. It expands understandings of human behavior dynamics, and helps to predict the dynamics and outcomes in advance. The optimal perception range can be solved accordingly, to practically guide the public facility planning and regular emergency training in real-life.

تھل میں شادی کی رسومات اورعصری رجحانات:شریعت اسلامیہ کی روشنی میں تجزیہ

Despite the fact that ever increasing dearness is the order of the day, extensive prodigality and extravagance is observed on the occasion of marriage in particular and on other ceremonies in general. As a consequence of this reckless approach, many people in the society have to encounter various problems. These seemingly important and in reality absurd rituals and customs are a great panic for the poor and so-called average class of the society. It is our social and moral responsibility to try to eradicate such obnoxious customs because those who follow and advocate such stupid practices have to be answerable for the misery of the affected population by those non-Islamic and unreasonable practices. The marriage rituals in the desert areas of the Thal include “KharaGana”, “breaking the lid of the earthen pitcher”, “Sehra-Bandi (Garlanding)”, “knife to be kept in hand by the groom” and “sprinkling of grains of barley, bills of currency and pieces of sweet-meat upon the couple especially the groom”. The current study highlights the Islamic status of these rituals and also throws light upon them in the social and economic perspective.

Coronavirus Pandemic: The U.S. Induced Great Panic of the 21st Century

President Trump’s following remarks are insanely far from being serious With this invisible enemy, we don't want airlines going out of business, we don't want people losing their jobs and not having money to live when they were doing well four weeks ago. His advisors must show him the latest initial jobless claims report, in just 9 weeks since March 21, already more than 40 million Americans have applied to receive some forms of unemployment benefits; moreover, households wealth worth over $10 trillion dollars have evaporated, as a result, millions of ordinary hard working Americans are poorer now than they were in February 2020. Since the emergence of China as a global power, the United States is struggling for dominance (China’s GDP in PPP overtook the U.S. in 2014); as a result, it has become increasingly more antagonistic on using indirect means reminiscence of the Cold War era to slowdown the fast rise and growing influence of China, i.e. psychological warfare, embargoes, trade war, sanctions, technological power, and lately COVID-19. The Trump administration blames China for either creating, reengineering, genetically manipulating, or failing to avoid the virus’ leak. Unlike the Great Recession of 2008 and the Great Depression of the 1930s, COVID-19 - coronavirus health crisis is for now exogenous to the banking system, but risks to the global banking system are still enormous and a severe recession is imminent which could easily turn into a more severe financial crisis than the antecedents; at this background, injecting massive amounts of liquidity by the Fed is a wrong policy remedy. Just like the trade war between the U.S. and China, the Fed induced Great Panic is not based on both reasonable and justifiable scientific or economic basis.