Great October Revolution Research Articles

Maikop Oil Fields during the Great October Revolution and the Civil War of 1918– 1922 (according to the Мemoirs of Potap Denisovich Provorotov)

Maikop Oil Fields during the Great October Revolution and the Civil War of 1918– 1922 (according to the Мemoirs of Potap Denisovich Provorotov)

On the characteristics of endemic goiter in the Gorky region

At the 22nd All-Union Congress of Surgeons, V.S. Levit, in his keynote speech, highlighting the distribution of endemic goiter in the Soviet Union, noted that goiter occurs in the Nizhny Novgorod Territory in the region of Murom and Kovrov. Before the Great October Revolution, the issues of endemic goiter in the Nizhny Novgorod province were not studied

The proletarian revolution in early books of Soviet Ukraine (1919—1927)

In this article the author continues a series of explorations devoted to the analysis of Bolshevik literature of the first decade of Soviet power. This article focuses on the genre of "Bolshevik non-fiction", extended since the inception of the Soviet republic in Ukraine (1919) and especially actualized in honor of the fifth and tenth anniversaries of the Great October Revolution of 1917. The author is characterized by unique qualitative characteristics, namely: a synergistic presentation of revolutionary events, which makes it possible to simultaneously and comprehensively consider different episodes of complex political application; a chronicle detailing the revolutionary processes, while subsequently the details were either forgotten or consciously concealed; active use of personalization to the broad circles of the revolutionary participants, whereas in the future historical memory was sung only by individual, power-determined heroes. In addition, much of this literature was written shortly by repressed authors and therefore had a rather unfortunate fate: first it was sent to special funds (as it was done, in particular, in the Book Chamber of Ukraine), and then to catalog Stalin's confusions, catalog cards to particularly dangerous literature were noticed. rectangular ink stamp in blue with the words "removed". Even now, this inscription gives the impression of a speedy three-year sentence from the NKVD bodies. Given these circumstances, the author seeks to actualize the little-known Bolshevik memoirs, which are early books of Soviet Ukraine.

An emigrant, a repatriate, a foreigner in the Ukrainian and Bulgarian detectives in the fifth-eighth decades of the 20th century

The article is a part of the study of colonial strategy creating by the Soviet Union by means of the mass literature ideologems. The cognitive and emotional images of emigrants, repatriates and foreigners are considered in the context of ideologization of the “insider” / “stranger” opposition and these images are endowed with a complex of guilt. Chronologically, emigration in a Ukrainian detective story is associated with two events sacralized by social realism — the Bolshevik revolution and the Second World War (themythologems of “the Great October Revolution” and “the Great Patriotic War”). Respectively, the reasons for emigration in detectives are escape from the Soviet justice (uenerovitses, “banderovitses”, collaborators) and export by deception (ostarbeiters) which forms two types of characters. The first type was considered as ideological opponents therefore their images are dehumanized by hypertrophied sadism, focusing on profit, lack of feelings that turns enemies of the Soviet system into enemies of humanity. The second type is the image of the victim, which is punished all his life, since he did not return to his homeland. A characteristic component of the emigrant image is his inferiority.The Bulgarian detective story of this period has the same mythological structure which was transferredready and was adjusted, that is shown by time structure of texts (the sacralization of September, 1944 is complemented with fragments of “the October myth”). Images of emigrants, repatriates, and foreigners in the Bulgarian detective story demonstrate as reproduction of the Soviet pattern (immoral enemies of humanity; emigrant = spy) so withdrawal from it.The novelty is representation of attempts to cross the border of socialist Bulgaria (passport regime violation and “non-return”); and the social and age list of the fugitives: among them there are young citizens of the socialist country suffering from the lack of realization of their ambitions and even children of the “revolution legends”, which undermine the main myth.Thus, it is shown that the Ukrainian and Bulgarian detective stories adopt the mythologems of social realism, which are transformed in the national context, as well as the crisis of mythologism is observed in the Bulgarian detective story.

Issues of occupational health in scientific works of Aleksey N. Sysin (to the 85th anniversary of the "A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health")

Research priorities of Alexei Nikolaevich Sysin (1879-1956) were faced to the study of issues of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of Russia. World- renowned hygienist scientist was the one of the pioneers in the field of general and communal hygiene, epidemiology and disinfection. Not little attention A.N. Sysin paid also to issues of occupational health, together with other scientists he laid the foundation of modern Occupational Health. The victory of the Great October Revolution has set before organizers and medical science scholars, among who was A.N. Sysin, new challenges in dealing with the many complex issues, including occupational health issues. Already in the first months of the new Republic he prepared dozens of directives, regulations and instructions, wrote a large number of draft laws for health services, developed the first regulations on the sanitary supervision of the country enterprises. The leading role in the emergence of many printed newspapers and magazines, books and bulletins on general issues in health, preventive medicine, hygiene, epidemiology, occupational health is belonged to A.N. Sysin. He published more than 250 scientific papers on various aspects of sanitary science: from the problems of epidemics of dangerous infections to the working and living conditions of different enterprises. A. N. Sysin paid a lot of attention to industrial injuries, problems of increscent occupational toxicology, the introduction of newest forms of general and personal protective equipment at the plant, modernization of the industrial equipment, issues of the shortened workday, labor of women and children - all kinds of sanitary measures and improvement of labor and living workers' conditions.

Один из первых (начальник Петроградского уголовного розыска И.Т. Шматов, 1884–1919)

The article is devoted to one of the first heads of the criminal investigation department of Petrograd, a political prisoner, a member of the First Russian Revolution of 19051907. and the Great October Revolution of 1917, I.T. Shmatov, who died early

Nikolai Sergeevich Korotkov - Russian surgeon, pioneer of modern vascular surgery (to the 145th of birthday)

N.S. Korotkov was born in 1874 in the city of Kursk. In 1893, after graduating from high school, he entered the medical faculty of Kharkov University, transferred to the medical faculty of Moscow University, which he graduated in 1898 with a degree in medicine with honors. In 1900, N.S. Korotkov became a supernumerary order of a surgical clinic for a term. Further N.S. Korotkov became a doctor of the sanitary unit of the Iberian Red Cross community. For participation in this trip N.S. Korotkov was granted the right to wear the honorary sign of the Red Cross, and in 1902 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the III degree. Nikolai Korotkov again works as a supernumerary, since 1903 - a regular intern at the surgical clinic of Professor A.A. Bobrov, then a supernumerary resident at the surgical clinic of Professor SPPedorov of the Imperial Military Medical Academy.In 1904, in the St. George community of the sisters of mercy of the Red Cross Society, a sanitary squad was formed to be sent to the Russian-Japanese war, NS was appointed as the senior physician. Korotkov. Systematically listening to the vessels in the wounded, the young surgeon discovered five regular phases of changes in sounds during compression of the brachial artery with a Riva-Rocci cuff, which later formed the basis of his proposed method for determining blood pressure (Korotkov method). November 8, 1905 N.S. Korotkov for the first time made a historical report “On the issue of blood pressure research methods”. At the end of 1905, he left Petersburg for his parents in the city of Kursk. In 1908, N.S. Korotkov successfully passes the examinations for the degree of doctor of medicine and leaves for Siberia in the mines of the Lena gold mining association for the position of doctor at the Andreevsky hospital. In 1910, N.S. Korotkov defends his doctoral thesis on the topic: "The experience of determining the strength of arterial collaterals." Since 1914, N.S. Korotkov worked as a senior physician at the Petersburg Clinical Hospital. Peter the Great, and with the outbreak of World War I, a surgeon in the Charity House for Wounded Soldiers in Tsarskoe Selo. After the Great October Revolution until the death of N.S. Korotkov served as chief physician at the Mechnikovsky hospital in Petrograd. Nikolai Sergeevich died on March 14, 1920 and was buried in the Theological Cemetery of St. Petersburg. The exact burial place of N.S. Korotkova has not been established, in 2011 a cenotaph was installed on the site of the Military Medical Academy. The Korotkov method was the only official non-invasive blood pressure measurement method approved by WHO in 1935. In honor of N.S. Korotkova is named the street in St. Petersburg, the city hospital of Kursk, the Memorial Society in St. Petersburg.

The “Missing Column”: Contemporary Editions of Vasyl’ Shakhrai’s and Serhii Mazlakh’s Works and the Significance of National Communism for Ukrainian Historiography

This article deals with two of the earliest works by Ukrainian Bolsheviks: Revoliutsiia na Ukraine (1918) by V. Skorovstanskii (pseud. of Vasyl’ Shakhrai) and Do khvyli (Shcho diietsia na Vkraїni ta z Ukraїnoiu?) (1919) by Serhii Mazlakh and Vasyl’ Shakh-Rai (pseud. of Shakhrai). Both of them were expelled from the Bolshevik Party because they presented arguments in support of Ukraine’s independence from Soviet Russia and for the creation of a future Ukrainian Communist Party. The above works were republished in Odesa in 2017 and 2019 respectively along with additional documents and forewords and afterwords by Andrii Zdorov and Artem Klymenko, two left- wing historians living in Ukraine today. The legacy of Ukrainian national communism of the revolutionary and post- revolutionary years of 1917–21 has generally been missing from Ukrainian intellectual thought until recent times. A significant and interesting exception occurred during Perestroika in 1988, when the Soviet Ukrainian historian Iurii Hamrets’kyi promoted (without success) the political rehabilitation of the revolutionary “heretic” Shakhrai and proposed a revision of the Soviet narrative of the October Revolution and ensuing war in Ukraine. Within two to three years, along with the collapse of the Soviet regime and the USSR, the official Soviet narratives of Ukraine’s history lost their value. Shakhrai’s and Mazlakh’s works, who were simultaneously Ukrainian patriots and Bolsheviks, counter the stereotypes of Ukrainian ethnonational historiography. Their writings are a correction not only to the contemporary narrative of the “Ukrainian Revolution”, but also of the Soviet narrative of “the Great October Revolution” and the “Russian Civil War”.

Трансформация роли женщины в социально-экономической и политической жизни Дагестана в 1930-е годы

The question of changings in a woman’s role in Dagestan after the Great October revolution is considered. It is noted that in the new society gender equality was one of the key problems, the attitude to which in the territory of Dagestan has not lost its relevance for a long time after the establishment of Soviet power. It is shown that women’s participation in the socio-political life of the region was a topical issue due to a variety of objective and subjective factors, among which the factor of domination of the Islamic religious worldview in all social spheres of Dagestan society stood out, taking into account the fact that the power of its influence in the first post-revolutionary years was not lost. With the help of archival materials, the author examines the gender policy pursued by the Soviet government, in particular, the training of Dagestan women in literacy, their involvement in socio-economic and political activities, etc. It is indicated that the policy of increasing the social status of Dagestan women met with misunderstanding and rejection in society up to the use of violence against socially active women. The author concludes that due to the purposeful policy of the Soviet power by the end of 1930s it was possible to achieve significant results in the nomination of women in various structures of power.

Special Issue: The Russian Revolution 100 Years On

2017 marked the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution – both the February Revolution, which meant the collapse of tsarist Russia, and the “Great October Revolution” as it was called in the So...

Красный туризм в фокусе проблем развития российско- китайского экономического сотрудничества

The article reveals the prospects and reasons for rapid growth of China’s economy; and tourism is an important part of it. It is noted that the accelerated growth of China's GDP contributes to the material welfare of consumers. This, in turn, gives additional development impulses for the domestic consumer market of goods and services, the volumes of which are huge and constantly expanding. 
 The author considers the Chinese economy as a specific form of a complex but quite organic combination of planned and market economy, which in turn creates the tourist products and services consumption model based on obtaining material wealth, various impressions and experience on the ground of studying Chinese history and the communist traditions of the country. Red Tourism is the material embodiment of this consumption model. It is realized through the red routes, and the Russian Federation has the experience of creating this ones since 2014. Revealing the Red Tourism role and its significance in the system of Russian-Chinese relations, the author focuses on the problems and difficulties of the Red tourism programs development, including due to the lack of consolidated positions of the parties. The results of authoritative statistical and sociological studies and a series of expert assessments form the basis for the analysis given in the article. This makes it possible to propose a whole range of scientific, methodological and practical measures for the development of Red Tourism programs, the most relevant in view of the centennial of the Great October Revolution. The author makes a number of conclusions and recommendations based on personal communication with representatives of the programs high management involved in the Red Tourism development in China during the Forum "Red Way. Bridge of Friendship ", which took place in the border Manchuria (PRC) in July 2017.

Legal Responsibility in Civil Procedure before and after the Great October Revolution of 1917

This article analyzes civil procedural rules and opinions of scientists on the period before the great October revolution of 1917 and in the first decade after it. It is noted that by the beginning of 20-th century the institution of legal responsibility in the litigation was a well-developed system of measures of material, disciplinary and criminal measures in respect of all actors of civil proceedings: starting from the parties and individuals, contributing to justice, ending with the judges. After the October revolution the old system of legal responsibility in civil proceedings was demolished and built again over the next decades. It was connected not only with the revolution, but with the advent of radically new ideology, which changed the Court's approach to the relationship itself and the people. As the most interesting novels the author notes the emergence of a category of "party responsibility" as a kind of alternative to the disciplinary liability of judges and public authorities for the first time, legislate compensation for actual loss of time. Responsibility for the abuse of procedural law in the first procedural laws of the Soviet authorities also had not yet been developed, although the requirement of good faith behaviour of parties to civil process had already appeared.

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION IN THE EURASIAN CONCEPT: BETWEEN GEOPOLITICS AND POLITICAL ATTITUDES OF NATIONAL BOLSHEVISM

The Great October revolution, like all revolutionary events that rocked our country in 1917, for the past hundred years is the most diverse, sometimes extremely controversial and ambiguous estimates and judgments in historiography. Do not cease debate about the nature, driving forces and regularities of the processes that so strongly changed the face of Russian society have changed the vector of Russian history. In the article the author develops a geopolitical point of view on the causes of the greatest events of the 20 th century. This approach was introduced and has been further developed in several works, written in exile in the 1920-ies. P.N. Savitsky. P.N. Savtisky deservedly considered a leader and one of the greatest thinkers of such important and original movements of the Russian Diaspora, as Eurasianism. In this regard, a group of Russian thinkers and politicians had proposed a special system of evaluation of historical processes from the point of view of the geographical factor. The original perspective has allowed P.N. Savitsky fresh look and rethink the most important landmark in Russian and world history. In his writings he mentioned many times that all the problems of the Russian revolution were the movement of Eurasians in their core geopolitical concepts. Installing the laws of the Russian revolution, P.N. Savitsky claimed the ability to make scientific predictions, which, in fact, was laid by his own ideological priorities and political objectives. He also claimed that he was able to identify and justify the historical-geographical origins of the October revolution, arguing that revolution and especially the Communist experiment in Russia could start if the geographical position of the country was different and pushed her to autarky. After analyzing the data and other theoretical principles of the creative heritage of P.N. Savitsky, the author of this article shows the fallacy of some of his insights, and those insights Savitsky, which reflect the reality of what was happening in the revolutionary Russia of the historical process and can be demanded for the formation of a truly scientific picture of the revolution of 1917 and its impact on the development of national humanitarian knowledge, including in the environment of Russian emigration.

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE GEOLOGY AT ODESSA UNIVERSITY

The beginnings of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University (ONU), Ukraine, date back to 1865. Its Department of Physical and Marine Geology continues the school’s strong tradition in marine geological research. This paper describes the main developmental stages of marine geology at Odessa University, emphasizing the role of the scientists (among them V. Lapshin, R. Prendel, N. Golovkinskiy, N. Andrusov, and G. G. Tkachenko) who played significant roles in geological research in the Black Sea region.Following the Great October Revolution in the early 1920s, the Novorossian University was closed, and its leading scientists left to enrich foreign universities. It took ten years to revive the university anew with the name I. I. Mechnikov Odessa State University.In the early 1970s, marine geology began to flourish thanks to G. G. Tkachenko. He established the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Marine Geology and Geochemistry as well as the university’s first scientific fleet, represented by the research vessels “Mechnikov” and “Antares.” University marine geologists worked around the globe, exploring mineral resources, including hydrocarbons and iron-manganese nodules. Today, the Department of Physical and Marine Geology contributes substantially to the development of mineral resources in Ukraine. It has established international contacts with many scientists through numerous research programmes supervised by the Department Head, Prof. Valentina Yanko. The projects have geological, ecological and geoarchaeological impact, especially in preserving the environment as well as reconstructing sea level and climate changes together with the associated human adaptive strategies.

Russian Economy: Neo-liberals and Their Critics

The Russian liberal economic thought has been shaped long ago and it has already approached it's bicentennial. Three periods in its development can be emphasized: 1) before the Great October Revolution; 2) during the period of formation and development of the state socialism in the USSR; 3) after the August Revolution of 1991.

Final days: the inside story of the collapse of the Soviet Union

Preface - after the putsch mending the breach reinforcements from the Second Front on crumbling verge president without country one last mission for the Union on the eve of the 74th anniversary of the great October Revolution the mirage of confederal state free man with nothing to fear a cloud in trousers fight to the finish final hours checking the pulse last rites burying time-capsule departure afterword - mythical kingdom vanishes, again.

The Eve of the Great October Revolution: Chronicle of a Happening in Wroclaw

The Eve of the Great October Revolution: Chronicle of a Happening in Wroclaw

The Intelligentsia on the Eve of the Great October Revolution, February to October 1917.

The Intelligentsia on the Eve of the Great October Revolution, February to October 1917.

The Future of Socialism?

On Sunday evening February 4, the largest Soviet protest demonstration in more than seventy years was held in Moscow to demand the end of the Communist party's monopoly over political power. Naturally, one cannot fail to have noticed that the event was called on the eve of the opening of a meeting of the party's Central Committee, where President Mikhail Gorbachev was widely rumored to plan to call for the end of the one party state. At the demonstration of 200,000, some people carried signs with the simple phrase 1990, an unmistakable reference to the February, 1917 revolution. 1 Some Russians were hoping that the unfulfilled promise of that democratic uprising, cut short by the Bolshevik October would be redeemed. Nevertheless, even if the demonstration was not oppositional to the leading party group's program, recalling the February revolution in which the popular goal was to establish a republic, a multiparty political system, civil liberties, and greater popular participation in processes of governance implied a severe critique of the Great October Revolution, which introduced the principle of proletarian dictatorship, a complex doctrine in whose name the Soviet state and party oligarchy ruled in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev's call for a multiparty political system and for the return of limited market relations has followed a year during which all of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe collapsed. The explanations for this astonishing turn of events are, by now, fairly well known: the palpable failure of really existing socialist economies to meet the basic needs of the underlying population, especially after the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund eliminated loans to many countries in the mid '80s; visible corruption by a decrepit oligarchy softened by generations of largely unchallenged power; the disaffection of intellectuals after Khruschev's downfall in 1964 and, more comprehensively, after the brief spark of Czech socialism with a human face was ruthlessly snuffed out by Soviet tanks in 1968; and, of course, the surfacing of the unresolved nationalities question, particularly within the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. Most of these weaknesses might have been controlled and displaced if the working classes of Eastern Europe had not demonstrated their own impatience and protest. Beyond the well-known Polish Solidarity movement which holds majority government power today, Soviet Miners and Czech and East German workers developed their own grievances which became the basis for strikes and demonstrations.

A Timely Interview

Efim Naumovich Gorodetskii is a prominent Soviet historian and an active contributor to our journal. The Great October Revolution and the leading role of Lenin's party in the socialist revolution are central concerns of his scholarly work. He has devoted a great deal of attention to the origins and development of the historical discipline, including party history, and to preparing younger scholars. E. N. Gorodetskii has been awarded the State Prize of the USSR and the N. V. Lomonosov Prize of Moscow State University. This year, E. N. Gorodetskii turned eighty. A representative of the journal, P. S. Kol'tsov, conducted an interview with him, the text of which is printed below. The editors of the journal take this opportunity to congratulate E. N. Gorodetskii on his jubilee and wish him new success in his work.