Great Number Of Elements Research Articles

Discrete model for 3D motion of helical springs

Large displacements of coiled springs are affected by both contact between coils and geometric non-linearities. The two phenomena also interact with each other and the only technology that efficiently accounts for both is Finite Elements Method (FEM). Such analysis can become very expensive, especially when a great number of elements and contacts are involved, as it is often the case. A discrete 3D model for fast and efficient simulation of non-linear springs is presented. The discrete model is based on equivalent beam theory and each node is associated with a contact region placed on the helix. Thus contact is accounted on its real occurrence and fast non-linear solution procedure is implemented. A study case is presented and comparison with FEM is discussed.

Análisis y selección de datos para la solución de problemas profesionales en la carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz

En el desarrollo de las actividades académicas, y en particular en aquellas destinadas a la solución de problemas en los distintos niveles de enseñanza, es común presentar el enunciado de los problemas y los datos que sirven de base para su solución. Este enfoque es utilizado tradicionalmente no sólo por los docentes sino también en la mayoría de los libros de texto que se emplean en las diferentes asignaturas. Si bien es cierto que la lectura e interpretación del enunciado de un problema y la habilidad para vincular los datos con los conceptos y con las relaciones matemáticas para el proceso de su correcta solución, constituyen un elemento esencial de vinculación de la teoría con la práctica, no deja de ser a juicio de los autores del presente trabajo, un enfoque académico que no en todos los casos responde a la realidad, particularmente en el ejercicio de una carrera universitaria. Relacionado con lo anterior, es típico en el ejercicio de una profesión, en particular aquellas de carácter tecnológico, que el profesional deba esclarecer entre un gran número de elementos o datos, aquellos verdaderamente útiles para la solución de un problema, de modo que no siempre podrá contar con datos a priori y tendrá que realizar un análisis preciso para separar lo superfluo o irrelevante de lo verdaderamente importante. En correspondencia con lo anterior este trabajo tiene como finalidad presentar una alternativa didáctica para la solución de problemas vinculados con la profesión por parte de los estudiantes, en el contexto de las asignaturas de formación profesional en la Carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz. Dicho trabajo se enmarca en una investigación que se desarrolla actualmente en el marco de la referida carrera, titulada “Incidencia de los métodos para la solución de problemas de la profesión en las asignaturas de formación profesional, en el logro de aprendizajes significativos de los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz de la UIDE, Extensión Guayaquil, de abril de 2018 a marzo de 2019. Propuesta de una metodología basada en el constructivismo para la solución de problemas profesionales.

Training as an Activity for Optimizing Emotional and Personality Wellbeing

Emotional and personality wellbeing (EPW) represents a complex system capturing a great number of elements, subjects, and objects that differ in a qualitative diversity of internal bonds and complexity of system–structural relationships with other systems and social milieu. This training aimed at optimizing emotional andpersonality wellbeing including a psychological impact on various components of the respondents’ implicit perceptions about their wellbeing, the individual’s awareness of wellbeing factors, their own limitations, adaptive resources, ability to reconstruct notional sphere and a constructive fashion of behavior. Extreme conditions of the activity predetermine most destructive effects on emotional and personal wellbeing.In light of this, the authors introduce the training program in the group of rescuers whose job involves a great number of physical and psychological risks. The training incorporates 5 four-hour thematic blocks and implies the use of such techniques as reflexive self-analysis and focusing, active visualization, techniques aimed at semantic processes’ facilitating, positive reinterpretation, as well as elements of bodily therapy, action-based and gaming techniques, coaching, sand therapy. The effectiveness of the training offered was confirmed upon applying the Wilcockson criterion that showed the validity of differences in SEPW (Self-evaluation of Emotional and Personality Wellbeing) indicators before and after the training: positive indicators have become significantly higher, negative – significantly lower; difference between mean values of integrated EPW indicators and mean value of EPW index have grown significantly. Thus, the training effectiveness was confirmed due to increased awareness of EPW self-evaluation and a wider repertoire of techniques providing normalization of actual psycho-emotional state. The authors underline that the developed training scenariocan be used in any vocational group with the account of specific character of its members’ activities.
 Keywords: emotional and personality wellbeing, self-evaluation, optimization,training

Parallel Algorithm for Petri Object Simulation

The paper considers an efficient simulation algorithm for discrete event systems with a great number of elements. With the use of Petri-object simulation and parallel computing, the algorithm is developed that simultaneously reproduces operation of Petri objects in separate streams. The linear dependence of the runtime of the algorithm on model’s complexity is confirmed by experimental results.

Cluster efficiency study through benchmarking

This study was carried out in order to compare the most successful, in a certain extent, clusters in Lithuania. Benchmarking approach was employed as the most precise technique of data analysis in given conditions. There were several methods employed in a study, such as an interview for the initial stage of data collection, questionnaire survey as well as multi-criteria analysis in later stages and benchmarking for the final stage of the study as to generalize the results. The research has shown that multi-criteria and benchmarking methods are helpful in determining cluster performance. There might be some inaccuracies regarding the results as there were several questions with information not available for the cluster managers. A great number of elements included in the questionnaire survey may have led to some discrepancy. Benchmarking can help companies in cluster to evaluate their performance in comparison to others and seek for better results. The most successful clusters in Lithuania were studied to be a role model. Benchmarking is a practice which can help clusters to measure their performance as there is no systematic evaluation of cluster excellence in Lithuania.

Four-Field Finite Element Solver and Sensitivities for Quasi-Newtonian Flows

A computationally efficient finite element algorithm for power-law fluid is elaborated in view of extensive direct and inverse simulations. We adopt a splitting technique to simplify the nonlinear structure of the fluids equations and derive a four-field saddle-point formulation for which we prove the existence of a solution. The resolution of the corresponding variational inequalities is based on an augmented Lagrangian method and a mixed finite element discretization. The resulting iterative solver proves to be fast and robust with low memory consumption. The time-saving provided by the algorithm compared to the standard algorithms of fixed point and Newton increases with the number of degrees of freedom and the nonlinearity of the problem. It is therefore well suited for the solution of large problems with a great number of elements and for corresponding adjoint-based computations. Bidimensional numerical experiments are performed on two realistic situations of gravity flows: an experimental viscoplast...

The WCR Model of Creativity. From Concept to Application

The paper reports the attempt to synthesize the main theoretical positions about creative thinking in order to define a coherent framework to be applied in education. Three general mental operations seem to rely on the basis of creativity: widening (W), connecting (C) and reorganizing (R). W concerns the tendency to keep an open mind and to deal with a great number of elements. C refers to the capacity to establish relationships among different elements and to combine them in unusual ways. R consists of changing the perspective and inverting relationships among elements. The model of creativity resulting from the integration of W, C and R: (i) inspired the investigation of the folk conceptions of creativity; (ii) was the basis of a test to measure creative thinking skills; and (iii) was the foundation of a training programme aimed at enhancing such skills in children. The instruments which were devised on the basis of the WCR model are described and some results coming from their application in educational settings are reported.

New extraction method of an equivalent circuit for an inductor in BiCMOS technology including lossy effects

In order to perform an accurate design, in particular in non-linear circuit, the equivalent circuit of inductors must be precisely described in a wide frequency band. Many models have been proposed to describe the behavior of inductors on lossy substrate. They consist of a great number of elements, often suggested by physical phenomena. Most of them cannot be extracted from measurements. In this paper, we propose a model composed only of elements that can be analytically extracted from measurement results.

The 'Teachers' of Mani in the Acta Archelai and Simon Magus

AbstractThis paper aims to prove that the biography of Mani in the Acta Archelae of Hegemonius, which contains a great number of completely fictitious elements, was in fact drawn up on the file of Simon Magus, pater omnium haereticorum, using the works of heresiologists and the apocryphal acts, especially the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitiones, as a model and source. There are a great number of elements in this Vita Manis that bear a strong resemblance to the well known motives of Simon's life. Projecting Simon's life over that of Mani serves as tool to reinforce the image of Mani that Hegemonius tried to convey: that of just another 'run of the mill' heretic, one in the long line of the disciples of Simon, and a fraud and devoid of any originality.

Some clastic rocks as parent rocks in beech forests of Brezovica - Juzni Kucaj

On the large forest areas, where the measures of soil quality improvement are absent or rarely undertaken, the rocks are the sources of a great number of elements in plant nutrition and one of the factors affecting the contents of some elements in plants. The aim of the study is to determine the differences in the contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cd, Co, Pb and Cr in the beech leaves developed in the same climate conditions, on morphologically similar terrains, composed of different types of sedimentary rocks. This paper presents the study results of the contents of the above elements in argillites, sandstones (grauwackes) and microconglomerates occurring as the parent rocks in high beech forests in the region of GJ Bogovina (Brezovica Juzni Kucaj and in the leaves of beech developed on these rocks.

The Organization of Metabolic Reaction Networks: A Signal-Oriented Approach to Cellular Models

Complex metabolic networks are characterized by a great number of elements and many regulatory loops. The description of these networks with mathematical models requires the definition of functional units that group together several cellular processes. The approach presented here is based on the idea that cellular functional units may be assigned directly to mathematical modeling objects. Because the proposed modeling objects have defined inputs and outputs, they can be connected with other modeling objects until eventually the whole metabolism is covered. This modular approach guarantees a high transparency for biologists as well as for engineers. Three criteria are introduced to demarcate functional units. The criteria consider the physiological pathways, the organization of the corresponding genes, and the observation that cellular systems can be structured into units showing a hierarchy of signal transduction and processing. As an example, the carbon catabolic reactions in Escherichia coli are discussed as members of a functional unit catabolism.

INAA in Combination with Other Analytical Techniques in the Study of Urban Aerosol Sources

Concentrations of elements in fine and coarse PM10 samples collected in Ho Chi Minh City were determined by INAA for the purpose of characterising air pollution sources using multivariate receptor modeling techniques. Seven sources common to coarse and fine samples were identified. Resuspended soil dust is dominant in the coarse samples accounting for 41% of the particulate mass. In the fine samples, vehicle emissions and coal burning are most important accounting for about 20% each. Although a great number of elements were included in the input data for receptor modeling, the interpretation of emission sources was not always straightforward. Information on other source markers were needed. Therefore, a polarography method was used for quantifying lead, and recently, ion chromatography method became available for quantifying secondary sulphates, nitrates and other water soluble ions.

Nekrokultas kalendorinėse apeigose

In this paper the author attempts to systematize ethnographic information about Lithuanian calen dar customs which relate closely to the cult of the desceased. The popularity and significance of the elements of the dead ancestors' cult in Lithuanian calendar feastdays rites shows, that even in the rel atively late tradition of the beginning of the 20th century, the cult of the desceased was a natural part of the agrarian rites the village community imag ined itself in close unity with the dead and living completely integrated in the surrounding world. The cult of the dead ancestors is the heritage of a patriarchal tribal community. That is why the great number of elements which genetically belonged to the cult of the desceased testifies, that the mode of life which prevailed in the traditional Lithuanian village was very archaic by its nature.

Neutron activation analysis of biological samples at the radiochemistry division of IPEN-CNEN/SP.

Neutron activation analysis is a very useful method for determination of a great number of elements in biological samples. At the Radiochemistry Division of the IPEN-CNEN/SP, this method is being extensively applied to study several materials, such as extracts from medicinal plants, human hair, snake venoms, human lungs, food-stuffs, and corn samples. Both instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) are used to analyze real samples, as well as biological standard reference materials to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the results.

Computer Assisted INAA Measurements and Statistical Feature Extraction in Raw Material Explorations

Some series of granitic rock samples have been investigated by the aid of minicomputer spectral analysis after neutron activation. Maintaining an optimal relation between measurement time, precision of analysis, and a high sample through-put as well as a great number of elements, the concentrations of some elements have been determined. The total set of elements should than be reduced by statistical feature extraction in order to obtain an optimal set of elements with the same discrimination power. The presented paper especially concerns with the relation of tin-tungsten ore deposits near the areas of high differentiated granitic rocks (Variscian age).

Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for speciation purposes

In natural waters trace elements, especially trace metals may be present in a variety of physicochemical forms. They may be associated with forms ranging from simple ions and molecules via hydrolysis products and colloids, pseudocolloids and organic or inorganic particles. The transition between categories is gradual. The presence of species differing in size, charge and density will influence on the transport, mobility and bioavailability of the trace element in question. Fractionation techniques which do not influence the distribution patterns are therefore required for speciation purposes. In the present work dialysis in situ and large membrane (hollow fibers) ultrafiltration are used for fractionation of low molecular weight species, colloids, pseudocolloids and particles. Due to the presence of foreign components transformation processes influence the distribution patterns of trace elements of interest. Sorption to “foreign” surfaces, complexation with agents present and aggregation of colloids (e.g., increasing ionic strength) result in a shift towards higher dimensions while desorption and dispersion processes mobilize the trace elements. Information on several components is therefore needed in speciation studies and a multielemental method of analysis having low determination limits must be applied. Instrumental neutron activation is appropriate to this kind of study because of its high sensitivity for simultaneous determination of a great-number of elements. Size fractionation techniques combined with INAA for the characterization of trace element species in natural waters will be discussed.

地盤の多層性および水平移動を考慮した三次元格子モデル解析法

The three dimensional analysis of ground movement due to mining can be simply performed by the grid-model method. However, the application of the method to practical problem is limited to a certain extent because the method is based on some assumptions.In this paper, two improvements on the method are made in order to remove some of the limits. By one, it is possible to deal with the ground consisting of a number of layers which are different in their Young's modulus, specific weight and thickness. The other is to calculate the horizontal displacement of the ground which has not been considered in the grid-model method until now.The validity of this improved method is obtained through comparison with finite element method and the precalculating method in some cases.This grid-model method is superior to finite element method in needful region size and cpu time of computer. Therefore, in the analysis by this method, the ground can be divided into a great number of elements

Nuclei and tracts of the di-mesencephalon of the parakeet.

A number of nuclei and fibre systems of the parakeet di-mesencephalon, as visible in transverse series stained with the methods of HAGGQVIST and of KLUVER and BARRERA, have been described. In the preparations used, in which both neurones and myelinated fibres are visible, a relatively great number of elements can be distinguished, because of differences in cell and fibre content. Probably these elements are more sharply circumscribed than in the pigeon and therefore more readily visible. A few of them have been described for the first time, but they require experimental substantiation. Typical features of some nuclei and fibre systems of the parakeet have been pointed out. Attributing a certain type to the di-mesencephalon of the parakeet proved to be unfeasible, because of a deficient knowledge both about the elements studied and to their aspect in a sufficient number of other avian species. The pictures produced may be helpful in recognizing nuclei and fibre systems in other birds in which they are less distinct.

Naming of Chemical Elements

LIE NAMES OF OUR CHEMICAL ELEMENTS are fully as interesting as our geographical and our personal names or the nomenclature of our flora and our fauna. Like these the naming of the cosmic substances reaches back into the dusk of human civilization. Some of the elements, on the other hand, are not yet named because they have not been isolated or produced, although we know of their existence. The range of the origin of their names is wide and as varied as any other group of names: description and misunderstanding, geography and history, mythology and superstition. In one respect names of chemical elements differ from other. classes. of names. Only very few have been named for persons-gadolinium for the Finnish chemist Gadolin, samarium for the Russian mining official Samarski, and curium for the discoverers of radium, Pierre and Marie Curie. The first two are really from minerals honoring the individuals while curium is the only element directly honoring persons. A great number of elements were named by patriotic scientists in honor of their native lands. We have France in its Latinized name, gallium, Russia similarly, in ruthenium, Germany in germanium, Scandinavia in scandium, Poland in polonium. Two continents are honored, Europe in europium, and America in americium. Regions and states have likewise lent their names to elements, as California in californium, Alabama in alabamine, Illinois in illinium, Virginia in virginium. Masurium honors the East Prussian lake district Masuren, now in the hands of the Poles, and rhenium honors Germany's Rhineland. Names of cities are also the source of several names of eiements, such as the Latin name of Paris in the element lutecium, the Scottish village of Strontian in strontium, the city of Berkeley in the synthetic element berkelium, the Latin name of Copenhagen in the element hafnium. The town