Greater Facility Research Articles

Direct Vat‐Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous SiC Loaded with Co/Ni Based Catalysts by Using Pickering Emulsions

AbstractHierarchically porous silicon carbide (SiC) is an important catalyst support widely used in various gas and liquid catalytic processes. Conventional approaches to fabricate such SiC have limited design flexibility and separated catalyst‐loading step is necessitated. Herein, a one‐step, direct vat‐photopolymerization 3D printing of hierarchically porous SiC loaded with Co/Ni based catalyst is demonstrated with Pickering emulsion as feedstock for the first time. Compared with normal ceramic slurries, Pickering emulsion dramatically increases the cure depth (by 50%) and emulsion stability, which allow continuous printing of complex SiC structures with uniform pore morphology. The resultant hierarchical porous SiC offered ≈40% better mechanical strength as compared with non‐hierarchical counterpart. By dissolving metal salts into aqueous phase in Pickering emulsions, complex architected structures with Co or Ni/Co in situ loaded in SiC matrix are printed. The metal salts are then thermally converted into oxides or silicates as catalysts anchored on SiC, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and reusability. The emulsion templating strategy holds great facility to load various highly attractive materials such as high entropy oxides or functional fillers whilst reaping the benefits of vat photopolymerization for a myriad of applications in catalysis, batteries, and structural supports.

A broad wastewater screening and clinical data surveillance for virus-related diseases in the metropolitan Detroit area in Michigan

BackgroundPeriodic bioinformatics-based screening of wastewater for assessing the diversity of potential human viral pathogens circulating in a given community may help to identify novel or potentially emerging infectious diseases. Any identified contigs related to novel or emerging viruses should be confirmed with targeted wastewater and clinical testing.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, untreated wastewater samples were collected for a 1-year period from the Great Lakes Water Authority Wastewater Treatment Facility in Detroit, MI, USA, and viral population diversity from both centralized interceptor sites and localized neighborhood sewersheds was investigated. Clinical cases of the diseases caused by human viruses were tabulated and compared with data from viral wastewater monitoring. In addition to Betacoronavirus, comparison using assembled contigs against a custom Swiss-Prot human virus database indicated the potential prevalence of other pathogenic virus genera, including: Orthopoxvirus, Rhadinovirus, Parapoxvirus, Varicellovirus, Hepatovirus, Simplexvirus, Bocaparvovirus, Molluscipoxvirus, Parechovirus, Roseolovirus, Lymphocryptovirus, Alphavirus, Spumavirus, Lentivirus, Deltaretrovirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus, Gammaretrovirus, Cardiovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Salivirus, Rubivirus, Orthohepevirus, Cytomegalovirus, Norovirus, and Mamastrovirus. Four nearly complete genomes were recovered from the Astrovirus, Enterovirus, Norovirus and Betapolyomavirus genera and viral species were identified.ConclusionsThe presented findings in wastewater samples are primarily at the genus level and can serve as a preliminary “screening” tool that may serve as indication to initiate further testing for the confirmation of the presence of species that may be associated with human disease. Integrating innovative environmental microbiology technologies like metagenomic sequencing with viral epidemiology offers a significant opportunity to improve the monitoring of, and predictive intelligence for, pathogenic viruses, using wastewater.

Road accidents on Indian National highways, ambulance reachability and transportation of injured to trauma facility: Survey-based introspection of golden hour.

The transportation system plays a crucial role in the context of socioeconomic development, whereas the highway infrastructure acts as a base for the transportation system. In recent years, a rich impetus has been given to the development of road infrastructure by Indian governance. There is a need to introspect how well the prevailing highway infrastructure is equipped with emergency rescue management during road accidents. Lack of ambulance service and trauma facilities along the highways results in a steady loss of lives and injuries and increases people's exposure to risks. This study aims to determine the response time of ambulance reachability to the accident spot on Indian national highways associated with heavy commercial transportation. Also, determining the time to transport the injured to the nearest trauma facility is another factor included as an objective in this investigation. The study adopted survey-based research, whereby the variables in the questionnaire were designed to record and assess the time for an ambulance to reach the accident spot and, from there, to transport the injured to the trauma management facility on Indian highways. Two hundred twenty-five participants who were either victims/relatives of victims or those involved in the rescue of the injured have participated in the survey. The dates of the accident events were 2017 and 2022. The survey resulted in the identification of two categories of highway accidents. The first category of accidents happened on the highways near city limits/dense settlements, and the second category occurred on the core highways. The percentage of accidents caused on the highways either adjacent to or passing through the city limits/dense settlements was reported to be higher than the accidents on the core highways. Ninety percent of the participants reported successful contact with the ambulance call/service centre, but only ~75% success rate exists for ambulances to reach the accident scene. On the core highways, the time taken for the ambulance to arrive at the accident scene is 25-35 minutes. The results from the survey ascertained that the patients were prioritised for treatment in the nearest hospitals (irrespective of having a trauma facility) at a distance of ~12-20 km, for which the time taken is ~15-25 minutes. Importantly, from the interviews, it is understood that in many cases, these hospitals have further referred to specialty hospitals located in nearby cities or trauma centres with greater facilities. Occasions exist where the injured were taken directly to hospitals 30-40 km from the accident spot, for which the time was more than 40 minutes. The results provide evidence that in either of the accident cases on the highways that are adjacent to/passing through the city limits or on the core highways, the total time for emergency care accessibility is nearly 60 minutes or greater; this implies that in the majority of cases, there is very meagre time left to provide emergency medical care to the needy and injured on the Indian highways to abide by the concept of golden hour. Plausible reforms backed by technology for enabling highways into 'emergency rescuable highways' are highly needed to guarantee a safer and more sustainable transportation system in India.

Causation, Types and Outcome of Road Traffic-related Ocular Injury in University of Llorin, Kwara, Nigeria

Introduction: Despite transportation liberating man and making him mobile, his increasing reliance on vehicular movement has conferred great facilities on him and his activities. The most profound culprit of all modes of transport is the road, of which traffic accidents are the most disturbing consequence of its use. Road traffic-related ocular injuries often have severe consequences and form a significant part of ophthalmic emergencies. These injuries may be missed and are therefore often underreported. Aim: To determine the causation, types, and outcomes of road traffic-related ocular injuries at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 78 eyes of consecutive patients with road trafficrelated ocular injuries who presented at the Accident and Emergency unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara, Algeria, between September 2012 and August 2013. The materials included the HOTV chart for vision assessment, which is a standardised, easy-to-use assessment method for both literate and illiterate individuals, a pen torch, direct ophthalmoscope, binocular indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp biomicroscope, Perkins tonometer, 2% fluorescein strip, 0.5% GuttTetracaine, and a handheld portable slit lamp ophthalmoscope. Patients’ demographics, duration of ocular injury before presentation, Visual Acuity (VA) at presentation, type of vehicle, place of injury, classification of ocular injury, treatment, and outcome on follow-up were recorded. Results: There were 78 eyes (72 patients) with road trafficrelated ocular injuries. The age range of the subjects was 3-55 years with a mean of 31.10 years. Forty-four (61.1%) patients were young men between 20-39 years. Fifty-one (70.8%) patients were males, and 21 (29.2%) were females, with a maleto-female ratio of 2.4:1. Most of the victims were traders (22, 30.6%), and fifty-two eyes (72.2%) presented within 12 hours of ocular injury. Motorcycles were associated with ocular injury in 37 (51.4%) patients. The most common injuries were of closed globe type (contusion, lamellar laceration, superficial foreign body) in 70 patients (89.7%). Conclusion: Road traffic-related injuries have increased over the past eight years in Nigeria. Males are more commonly injured in Road Traffic Injury (RTI), and motorcycles were the most common cause of injury to road users. Three out of 36 people injured in a vehicle at the time of injury used seat belts, while none of the riders and passengers on motorcycles wore helmets. The importance of prevention, the use of safety devices, and the avoidance of risk behaviors on the road need to be emphasised.

Bodywork and Singing Voice: An Educational Tool for Voice Optimization

ABSTRACT Bodywork applied to vocal technique is an increasingly used tool in teaching practice. However, there is little research that can provide evidence of its effectiveness. This research is an exploratory and descriptive case study that investigates the self-perception of 14 voice major students after receiving a bodywork program. The main objective is to analyze if a bodywork program designed for singers affects the emission and vocal quality and, therefore, may be a good pedagogical tool in voice education. The body-mind method applied is the Méthode de Libération de Cuirasse © (MLC). To conduct the intervention, the participants performed different vocal tasks and answered a questionnaire to reveal their perceptions in relation to vocal emission, body balance, frame of mind, and degree of well-being before and after each of the sessions of bodywork. Two months after the last session, a second questionnaire was administered and a free narrative of the lived experience of participants was collected for subsequent analysis and interpretation. Results showed more comfort when singing, greater harmonic richness, greater facility in the high register, and better breath control as well as an improvement in general well-being and state of the body.

The Synchrony Era

The Synchrony Era

Layers of reconstruction: the planning history of disaster-prone Kamaishi

ABSTRACT Kamaishi in Iwate Prefecture has suffered devastating damage on several occasions, including the 1896 Meiji Sanriku tsunami, the 1933 Showa Sanriku tsunami, the 1945 naval bombardment during W.W. II and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Each time, the city has recovered. This paper explores the history of reconstruction planning and urban development in Kamaishi and how the city’s landscape and urban space have been shaped by disaster and reconstruction. In the Kamaishi area in modern times, temples, shrines and public facilities have been moved and new infrastructure has been developed repeatedly, after each disaster. The accumulated reconstructions have generated a landscape in which the city is centred on wide streets that form a vertical axis connecting the coast and the highlands. The need to evacuate has been woven into the urban space of Kamaishi through repeated experiences of disaster and reconstruction. In the reconstruction that took place after the Great East Japan Earthquake, new layers and facilities were added for commercial recovery and residential reconstruction, but the underlying intention was to build a network of evacuation routes.

ANÁLISE INVESTIGATIVA SOBRE LESÕES NO BASQUETEBOL POR ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

ABSTRACT Introduction Basketball is a sport with strong rivalry, being, therefore, a modality with great facility to cause sports injuries along its practice. Objective Investigate the status of sports injuries in college basketball for amateur students. Methods 480 college students who were not basketball experts were selected as research volunteers. The current status of sports injuries in the 12-week optional basketball course was investigated, and the main risk factors were analyzed. Results Among amateur male college students, the average playing age of third-grade male college students is higher than that of second-grade male college students, and the weekly playing frequency is lower than that of second-grade male college students. The incidence of basketball sports injuries among male college students who do not specialize in basketball from childhood to adulthood is up to 90.7%, and 85.5% during their college years. Conclusion In basketball sports, the most vulnerable parts of amateur male college students are the wrist joint, ankle joint, knee joint, leg, head and face, shoulder, waist, and back, respectively. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Odd-viscosity-induced passivation of Moffatt vortices

Odd viscosity is associated with a number of striking physical phenomena: a disk rotating in a viscous liquid experiences a normal compressive or tensile stress depending on its sense of rotation; chiral active matter interfacial deformations level off in a manner akin to surface tension; and unstable thermocapillary films become stabilized. In this article we show that odd viscosity decreases the size and intensity of Moffatt vortices in a corner formed by a solid substrate and a free interface. The effect is present because odd viscosity creates a normal-stress-induced shear stress at the liquid–gas interface. The new shear stress is out of phase and oppositely directed with respect to the interfacial liquid velocity. It squeezes the vortices and damps their rotation. As a consequence, Moffatt vortices can now be observed with greater facility in an experiment. Odd viscosity also increases the range of corner angles over which Moffatt vortices can be observed, and, in general, it shows a tendency to moderate singular behaviour.

Effect of Hydroxyl Group of Catalyst on Formation of 2-Phenyl-Benzimidazole: A Theoretical Elucidation of Mechanism

In this work, the capability of step1 and step2 of the synthesis reaction mechanism of the 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as a rate-determining step (RDS) has been energetically and thermodynamically evaluated using theoretical methods. The results were profoundly compared to the experimental approaches. The role of population explosion resulting from the increased hydroxyl groups within the catalyst structure was considered using some models with different hydroxyl groups on the reaction. Herein, the theoretical rate constants were obtained using the potential energy surfaces (PESs) and the transition state theory (TST) at the M06-2X/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated results showed that the second step (step2) is an RDS. In step2, H2O elimination can be proceeded by effective participation of catalyst for making a four-membered ring structure of TS that is generated harder than a six-membered ring mechanism (Ea = 56.3 and Ea = 29.7 kcal mol−1, respectively). Moreover, the reaction rate (for step2 as the RDS) in the presence of a modified catalyst (similar to sucrose containing five hydroxyl groups) speeds up 100,000 times more than the simple catalyst such as methanol (involving one hydroxyl group) and ethylene glycol (with the two hydroxyl groups). Theoretical calculations exhibited that the catalyst enables to facilitate a proton transfer process in step4 to make a great facility for doing oxidation process easily in step5 as the fastest step. In addition, when the reaction was followed without assisted-catalyst, herein, activation energy for step4 increased up to 34.8 kcal mol−1 while it was 10.8 kcal mol−1 in the presence of a catalyst.

Use of physics to improve solar forecast: Part II, machine learning and model interpretability

Machine learning (ML) models have been applied to forecast solar energy; however, they often lack clarity of interpretability and underlying physics. This work addresses such challenges by developing a hierarchy of ML models that gradually introduce predictors to improve the forecast accuracy based on a physics-based framework. Three ML models (ARIMA, LSTM, and XGBoost) are examined and compared with four physics-informed persistence models reported in Part I and the simple persistence model to assess the improvement of different models. The 7-year measurements at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement’s Southern Great Plains Central Facility site are used for forecasts and evaluations. The results reveal that the step-by-step introduction of predictors leads to different improvements for models at different hierarchical levels. Comparison of the ML models with persistence models shows that LSTM and XGBoost outperform all the persistence models, with LSTM having the overall best performance; however, ARIMA underperforms the four physics-informed persistence models. This study demonstrates the importance and utility of incorporating physics into ML models in improving forecast accuracy by introducing a hierarchy of physics-based predictors, distinguishing predictor contributions, and enhancing the ML interpretability. The combined use of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) significantly improves the forecast accuracy compared to using individual irradiances alone because the pair contains more information on cloud-radiation interactions.

The current state of benchmarking use and networks in facilities management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the knowledge gap on the use of benchmarking techniques as utilized by facilities management (FM) professionals for the purpose of identifying means to improve industry benchmarking practices and guide the direction of future FM benchmarking research.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through surveying 585 FM practitioners representing various countries, organization sizes, types, industries. The data were summarized and analyzed through creating frequency tables, charts, and cross-tabulations. The survey results were compared to a previously published study on benchmarking use to identify the similarities and differences between benchmarking for FM functions vs core business functions.FindingsThe findings indicate that while FM-oriented benchmarking has been adopted at similar levels as other industries, FM-oriented benchmarking tends to be simplistic, lacks a strategic position in the company, often relies upon self-report survey data, is often performed by an individual with no formal benchmarking team and does not utilize process benchmarking or benchmarking networks. These findings emphasize the need for benchmarking education, advocacy for FM as a strategic business partner, the development of verified data sources and networks specifically for the unique greater facilities management field functions.Practical implicationsThese findings provide needed data on the state of FM practitioner use of benchmarking specifically for FM functions in North America. The results can be used as an assessment for the industry, to improve practitioner use and knowledge, and to identify further avenues for academic study.Originality/valueThe value of this study lies in filling in identified knowledge gaps on how FM practitioners are using benchmarking in practice. These data are absent from the research literature and offer the potential to help bridge the academic-practitioner divide to ensure that future research will focus on addressing practitioner needs for the industry.

Writing in nature-based settings: participant experiences in a literacy and leadership development program

Place-based education has long been relevant in literacy teaching and learning, and practitioners and scholars across the English studies use places to create meaningful and relevant pedagogies. Operating assumptions for how and why place impacts student writing often remain under examined, and this is especially true of particular settings, such as nature-based outdoor settings. This study examines a diverse group of high school writers’ experience of writing outside. Participants were adolescents in a 28- or 40-day voluntary literacy and outdoor adventure learning program. This program, Adventure Risk Challenge, serves primarily rural students who use English as a second or other language and provides a literacy-rich curriculum with instruction in language, reading, public speaking, and especially writing. The learning settings are at outdoor basecamps and on backcountry, wilderness expeditions. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, data was collected through methods of participant observation during a summer program and in 21 semi-structured interviews of program alumni and instructors. Interview transcripts were analyzed and interpreted through multiple cycles of coding. The findings suggest that students’ experience of writing outdoors is beneficial for at least three reasons: (1) positive social environments, (2) greater facility in generating ideas and descriptive details, and (3) enhanced concentration while engaged in writing tasks. Additional lines of inquiry and applications to school learning environments are discussed.

Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Aggregation-Induced Ratiometric Fluorescence.

The molecular diversity of aggregation-induced emission remains a challenge due to the limitation of conventional synthesis methods. Here, a series of novel neutral and cationic conjugated polymers composed of various ratios of tetraarylethylene (TAE) containing a bridged oxygen (O) and fluorene (F) units is designed and synthesized via the geminal cross-coupling (GCC) of 1,1-dibromoolefins. The incorporation of TAE segments into the conjugated backbone of polyfluorene produces pronounced aggregation-induced ratiometric fluorescence, i.e., aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 520-600nm and grows synergistically with aggregations-caused quenching (ACQ) at 400-450nm. The content of fluorene unit in the polymer backbones determines the intensity of the initial fluorescence in the blue light region. The huge distinction (about 150nm) in dual emission wavelengths caused by the environment change makes these conjugated polyelectrolytes particularly suitable for ratiometric fluorescence sensing. Based on electrostatic interaction mechanism, the gradual addition of heparin into the cationic conjugated polymers aqueous solutions can induce dual-color fluorescence changes with a detection limit of 9× 10-9 m. This work exhibits the great facility of using GCC reaction to synthesis the conjugated TAE polymers with superior AIE properties and special functions.

Neural Network Learning of Context-Dependent Affordances

In this paper, we investigated whether affordances are activated automatically, independently of the context in which they are experienced, or not. The first hypothesis postulates that stimuli affording different actions in different contexts tend to activate all actions initially. The action appropriate to the current context is later selected through a competitive process. The second hypothesis instead postulates that only the action appropriate to the current context is activated. The apparent tension between these two alternative hypotheses constitutes an open issue since, in some cases, experimental evidence supports the context-independent hypothesis, while in other cases it supports the context-dependent hypothesis. To study this issue, we trained a deep neural network with stimuli in which action inputs co-varied systematically with visual inputs. The neural network included two separate pathways for encoding visual and action inputs with two hidden layers each, and then a common hidden layer. The training was realized through an auto-associative unsupervised learning algorithm and the testing was conducted by presenting only part of the stimulus to the neural network, to study its generative properties. As a result of the training process, the network formed visual-action affordances. Furthermore, we conducted the training process in different contexts in which the relation between stimuli and actions varied. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the network displays both a context-dependent activation of affordances (i.e., the action appropriate to the current context tends to be more activated than the alternative action) and a competitive process that refines action selection (i.e., that increases the offset between the activation of the appropriate and unappropriate actions). Overall, this suggests that the apparent contradiction between the two hypotheses can be resolved. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the greater facility with which colour-action associations are acquired with respect to shape-action associations is because the representation of surface features, such as colour, tends to be more readily available for deeper features, such as shape. Our results support the feasibility of human-like affordance acquisition in artificial neural networks trained using a deep learning algorithm. This model could be further applied to a number of robotic and applicative scenarios.

A neural network with encoded visible edge prior for limited-angle computed tomography reconstruction.

Limited-angle computed tomography is a challenging but important task in certain medical and industrial applications for nondestructive testing. The limited-angle reconstruction problem is highly ill-posed and conventional reconstruction algorithms would introduce heavy artifacts. Various models and methods have been proposed to improve the quality of reconstructions by introducing different priors regarding to the projection data or ideal images. However, the assumed priors might not be practically applicable to all limited-angle reconstruction problems. Convolutional neural network (CNN) exhibits great promise in the modeling of data coupling and has recently become an important technique in medical imaging applications. Although existing CNN methods have demonstrated promising results, their robustness is still a concern. In this paper, in light of the theory of visible and invisible boundaries, we propose an alternating edge-preserving diffusion and smoothing neural network (AEDSNN) for limited-angle reconstruction that builds the visible boundaries as priors into its structure. The proposed method generalizes the alternating edge-preserving diffusion and smoothing (AEDS) method for limited-angle reconstruction developed in the literature by replacing its regularization terms by CNNs, by which the piecewise constant assumption assumed by AEDS is effectivelyrelaxed. The AEDSNN is derived by unrolling the AEDS algorithm. AEDSNN consists of several blocks, and each block corresponds to one iteration of the AEDS algorithm. In each iteration of the AEDS algorithm, three subproblems are sequentially solved. So, each block of AEDSNN possesses three main layers: data matching layer, -direction regularization layer for visible edges diffusion, and -direction regularization layer for artifacts suppressing. The data matching layer is implemented by conventional ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (OS-SART) reconstruction algorithm, while the two regularization layers are modeled by CNNs for more intelligent and better encoding of priors regarding to the reconstructed images. To further strength the visible edge prior, the attention mechanism and the pooling layers are incorporated into AEDSNN to facilitate the procedure of edge-preserving diffusion from visibleedges. We have evaluated the performance of AEDSNN by comparing it with popular algorithms for limited-angle reconstruction. Experiments on the medical dataset show that the proposed AEDSNN effectively breaks through the piecewise constant assumption usually assumed by conventional reconstruction algorithms, and works much better for piecewise smooth images with nonsharp edges. Experiments on the printed circuit board (PCB) dataset show that AEDSNN can better encode and utilize the visible edge prior, and its reconstructions are consistently better compared to the competingalgorithms. A deep-learning approach for limited-angle reconstruction is proposed in this paper, which significantly outperforms existing methods. The superiority of AEDSNN consists of three aspects. First, by the virtue of CNN, AEDSNN is free of parameter-tuning. This is a great facility compared to conventional reconstruction methods; Second, AEDSNN is quite fast. Conventional reconstruction methods usually need hundreds even thousands of iterations, while AEDSNN just needs three to five iterations (i.e., blocks); Third, the learned regularizer by AEDSNN enjoys a broader application capacity, which could work well with piecewise smooth images and surpass the piecewise constant assumption frequently assumed for computed tomographyimages.

The Socialization of The Sound System and The Study of Acoustic in The House of Workship (Mosque)

Mosque is the house of worship for moslem which are is used for many positive activities besides for routine worship, “shalat” five times a day. Those activities are discoursing, mentoring, reciting Al-Qur’an, marriage contract (“akad nikah”) activity, big day islam commemoration and others. To support those activities, the mosque need be supported by a great facilities and infrastructure. One of them is a good sound system. The great sound system has to meet the standards which had been applied by the instruction of General Director of Islamic Community Guidance No. Kep/D/101/1978 about Using The Sound System in Mosque, “Langgar”, Prayer Room (Mushola). In the other hand, we need to give attention to the electrical construction for sound system installation that will be used to get the great sound quality on the whole.

Securing Online Payment Using Virtual Private Network (VPN)

In the present advanced time, innovation plays a vital part inside the improvement of business, E-commerce, and Finance. In present days Network security become a significant thought. Internet gives a great facility to everyone like internet banking, Online shopping, Communications, organizations or associations. Therefore, the online exchange of cash requires the most extreme security of secret information put away or move over the Internet. The security of these exchanges has made it more important because of the high impact of Cybercrimes on a Digital Money. Because of the high-speed advancement of computerized devices and their appearance to the Internet made insecure client’s information. Now a days, security and privacy threats has become increasingly more complex which enhance the necessity for a modernized ensured medium to get the significant information into the internet. In this paper, presented Virtual Private Network (VPN) is an excellent method to secure devices and data from the hackers. VPN is a private network which works over a public network transit the encrypted data so that hackers are not able to use it. The reason for VPN is to give the different security model like Authenticity, Confidentiality and Integrity of data that is the reason these are getting trendy, low in budget and simple to utilize. VPN services are accessible for smart phones, PCs and tablets. It is a rising innovation which assumes a significant part in WLAN by giving secure information transmission over Internet.

Recyclable Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis

AbstractChiral organocatalysts are extensively in demand over the past 30 years for the synthesis of asymmetric compounds with remarkable stereoselectivities in high yields. In addition to these great facilities, they are eco‐friendly, non‐toxic, highly stable, and inexpensive structures so that a tremendous amount of studies has been developing. Besides, recyclable organocatalyst studies are of great interest to develop their environmental‐friendly feature lately. Increasing the usage of these catalysts by saving the asymmetric results could become the most desirable characteristic in near future. This survey summarizes the following studies that have been done so far to enlight this subject and our headlights cover‐up silica supported organocatalysts, polymer supported organocatalysts, magnetic nanoparticle supported organocatalysts, gold nanoparticle supported organocatalysts, ionic liquids organocatalysts and fluorous supported organocatalysts.

Integration of Virtual Instrumentation in the Teaching of Data Acquisition and Interface Systems Course

This paper presents a case study of the integration of virtual instrumentation in the development of engineering projects in undergraduate electrical engineering education, regarding a Data Acquisition and Interface Systems (DAIS) course. The DAIS course is part of the undergraduate curriculum in electrical engineering degree of Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). This course is very important in the training of students who will work in the area of electronics, and uses LabVIEW as an educational tool to carry out practical activities. In the semester course, the teacher and the monitor followed up the student teams that proposed engineering projects to be developed during four milestones of the DAIS course. Statistical analysis of the collected data is done by semester course and by academic year. For each milestone, LabVIEW tutoring sessions and educational assessment are performed with student teams, who had great facility in learning the tool. In the final presentation of engineering projects, the students demonstrated domain about the content of the DAIS course and they were fully satisfied with LabVIEW. From the results, the students considered the virtual instrumentation tool with 96% of usefulness during the academic year and 100% recommendation to be applied in other engineering projects.