Great Chronicle Research Articles

Domestic railways through the prism of the country's history

The construction of railways in Russia, as well as throughout the world, contributed to the emergence of numerous new areas of social life, including stimulating the emergence of previously unknown new sectors of the economy. On the basis of a historical review, the mission of the railways in improving the Russian society is considered, the spheres of influence on public life, aesthetic education and enrichment of the appearance of the landscape, the development of the sphere of enlightenment and education, missionary work, and service are listed. Examples of solving the problem of long-distance year-round communication, regardless of the climate, main communication across the vastness of Russia, the creation of a special tradition of transportation, which determined the still living everyday style of life of Russian railways, are given.Having spawned a new tradition of messages, people have created a different system of relationships with the world. The railway has played a leading role in this and has a long and honorable history, it is a great chronicle of heroism, labor, scientific thought and culture.The study is devoted to the initial stage of development of railways and aspects of their impact on the life of Russians. The following will describe the historical events that predetermined the current state of domestic railways in the context of the everyday life of compatriots.

Allusions in Kipling's "Just So Stories" and Their Armenian Interpretations

Kipling's stories, often referred to as 'a great chronicle of primal fables' (Green 1971), are very expressive due to the unique style of the author. Among various stylistic devices and expressive means, allusions used in the stories are of great interest from the point of view of analysis of both source and target texts. The point is that almost all the allusions are indirect and are engaged in a unique language play. This technique, obviously, poses difficulties for transferring the text from one language to another.The article is devoted to the investigation of allusions and their interpretations in three of Kipling's "Just So Stories", namely "How the Whale Got His Throat", "How the Leopard Got His Spots" and "The Crab that Played with the Sea".

A view of myths and politics related to Kohomba Kankariya: Some inventive dimension of history

This paper attempts to trace the substantial reality underlying the mythical establishments: the-origin myth, and the concept of gods in the Kohomba kankariya traditional ritual of Sri Lanka. Narrators tend to alter the historical myth known as “Vijaya and Kuveni” after about 1000 years of its available initial mention in the great chronicle of Sri Lanka in weaving the origin myth of the ritual. The Kuveni Asna of 15th century, a creative prose poetical writing, appears as the pioneer modifier of the myth while depicting the traits of a ritual as well, performed for the king Parakramabahu VI (AD 1412–1467). The long-term social political process localised the royal ritual as “Kohomba kankariya” under the intervention of feudal aristocracy promoting a-local godhead. Current paper argues that the composition of the origin myth of the ritual was an action taken upon aristocratic need in order to tune the ritual milieu into “their culture” and this very “stratification of human intelligence” disrupts the universal reality of invocation based on the common human sensation of consolation. Paper applies thematic text analysis and historical analysis in tracing the social political dimensions underlying the myths in Kohomba kankariya. In this sense, the current paper is an attempt to explicate that the myths in Kohomba kankariya-are creative establishments produced by humans in order to achieve their social political goals.

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega: de historiógrafo a personaje literario

We intend to present and discuss examples of the way in which the Inca Garcilaso, who has earned an important place in the field of the historiographical, as a great chronicler of important moments of the Peruvian past (the Empire of Tahuantinsuyo, the civil wars, the establishment of colonial rule), has become, by the action of certain writers, a literary character of some stories or novels to fictionalise important moments in the life of the first Peruvian mestizo or subsequent events to your death, but related to the growing impact of his personality and his work in Peruvian society.

Two versions of Buddhist karen history of the late british colonial period in Burma: Kayin Chronicle (1929) and Kuyin Great Chronicle (1931)

The majority of the Karen people in Burma are in fact Buddhist, in spite of their widespread image as Christian, pro-British, anti-Burman, and separatist. In the last decade of British rule, two Buddhist interpretations of Karen history—virtually the first ethnic self-assertion by the Buddhist Karens—were published along with the first Christian version. Writing in Burmese for Burmese readers, the authors of these Buddhist versions sought to prove that the Karen were a legitimate people (lumyo) comparable to the Burman and Mon in the Buddhist world, with dynastic lineages of their own kingship (min) reaching back into the remote past, and a group faithful to their religious order (thathana). This linkage of ethnicity=kingship=religion was presented in order to persuade skeptical readers who believed that the Karen, lacking the tradition of Buddhist min, were too primitive to constitute an authentic lumyo of the thathana world. Analysis of these texts will shed light on the social formation of Karen identity among the Buddhists from the 1920s to the 1930s. This will also lead us to consider the historical processes whereby the quasi-ethnic idioms and logic innate to the Burmese-speaking world were transformed in the face of modern and Western notions of race and nation, and consequently the mutation of Burma into an ethnically articulated society.

Opus Anglicanum: Masterpieces of English Medieval Embroidery: Victoria and Albert Museum, LondonOctober 1, 2016–February 5, 2017CatalogueEnglish Medieval Embroidery: Opus AnglicanumEdited by Clare Browne, Glyn Davies, and M. A. MichaelNew Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 2016.336 pp.; 270 color ills.Cloth $75.00ISBN 9780300222005The Age of Opus AnglicanumEdited by M. A. MichaelLondon: Brepols

<i>Opus Anglicanum</i>: Masterpieces of English Medieval Embroidery: Victoria and Albert Museum, LondonOctober 1, 2016–February 5, 2017Catalogue<i>English Medieval Embroidery: <i>Opus Anglicanum</i></i>Edited by Clare Browne, Glyn Davies, and M. A. MichaelNew Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 2016.336 pp.; 270 color ills.Cloth $75.00ISBN 9780300222005<i>The Age of <i>Opus Anglicanum</i></i>Edited by M. A. MichaelLondon: Brepols

Piastowie śląscy w kronikach

The paper contains an analysis of the vision of Silesia and the Silesian Piasts in our oldest historiography. The chronicles by Gall Anonymous, Master Vincent and Great Poland Chronicle are discussed succesively. Silesia in the narrative of the chronicles until testament Krzywoustego functions as an integral and important part of the Polish state. This is supported by the fact that it became a district of the princeps. Despite the expulsion of Władysław II coming back of his sons in the chronicle of Master Vincent is viewed as a positive step. They are not treated in the text as enemies to Kazimierz and Leszek the White. Their adherence to the camp Mieszko the Old stems rather from the ability of the latter to persuade people. This trend of Master Vincent’s chronicle is not maintained by the Great Poland chronicle. The Chronicler shows distinct dislikes of the Piasts of Silesia and their activities.

William Faulkner in the Media Ecology

The article analyzes (mal)adaptations of Faulkner’s fi ction in Martin Ritt’s The Long, Hot Summer (1958) and The Sound and the Fury (1959), both produced by Jerry Wald and scripted by Harriet Frank, Jr. and Irving Ravetch. Both of these movies revisit the plantation South in the 1950s, and remind us that the plantation persisted as a system of production and a subject of cultural fascination through the century. The author analyzes the extent to which the adaptors alter the originals, also by using other Faulkner’s texts. Additionally, attention has been paid to the concept of „media ecology,” the status of Faulkner’s modernist texts in the 1950s and his achievement as a great chronicler of modernity, not only as a virtuoso of technique.

Laurence Dopson was a great chronicler of nursing lives.

CHRONICLER OF NURSING LIVES I was very sorry to read about the death of freelance journalist Laurence Dopson, who was a regular and much-valued contributor to Nursing Standard (analysis June 27).

Laurence Dopson was a great chronicler of nursing lives

I was very sorry to read about the death of freelance journalist Laurence Dopson, who was a regular and much-valued contributor to Nursing Standard (analysis June 27).

The Great Chronicle of the City of London

This article describes of publication The Great Chronicle of London (1189-1512) which was published for the first time in 1938. It is surprising that so important and interesting a document as 'The Great Chronicle of London' has existed till the present in a single manuscript copy which only passed into public ownership with its recent presentation by the Viscount Wakefield of Hythe to the Guildhall Library of London, where it is now Guildhall Library MS. 3313. A copy of the Chronicle was given to the Rutgers Library.

Information, disinformation and political knowledge under Henry VII and early Henry VIII*

Henry VII is generally seen as the initiator of a vigorous campaign of ‘Tudor propaganda’ about the events which led to his accession. This article argues that his policy was rather one of selective obfuscation, even deliberate concealment. As late as 1512 the conscientious compiler of the London ‘Great Chronicle’ could provide only a confused account of Richard III's reign, and very little on Henry's own family background or on his time in exile. Only slightly less vague were the poems and declamations produced in Henry's court, and these had little circulation in the country at large. Even the alleged confession to the murder of the ‘princes in the Tower’ by Tyrell in 1502 was not publicized. A reasonably rounded account of Richard's reign and of Henry's own life before Bosworth was only established with the investigations by Polydore Vergil and Thomas More between 1512 and 1518; and even then their diffusion had to await the first printing of Vergil in 1534 and Grafton's plagiarizing of both authors in 1543. Until then silence was evidently thought to be the best policy. Historians too readily make the working assumption that the people they study had access to an ordered view of the recent past without establishing how far this was so in a particular case.

Robert Fabyan and the Nuremberg Chronicle

Abstract This article identifies one of Robert Fabyan's source books, his copy of the Nuremberg Chronicle, which contains extensive notes and annotations in his hand. The volume is among the collections at Guildhall Library, London. The marginal notes are of particular interest, not only for the light they shed on Fabyan's working practice, but also because the similarities with the hands of the extant manuscripts of the latter part of the Great Chronicle of London, and The Newe Cronycles of England and Fraunce (Fabyan's Chronicle), demonstrate Fabyan's involvement in each work. This attribution has been doubted for some time. Fabyan also added interesting ownership and purchase information to the Nuremberg Chronicle.

Politique: languages of statecraft between Chaucer and Shakespeare

In this book Paul Strohm shifts his recognized talent for textual and cultural analysis to the second half of the latter part of the fifteenth century, arguing that England experienced its own pre-Machiavellian moment between 1450 and 1485. These turbulent decades encouraged new pragmatic discussions of political policies of a sort not previously seen and not to be seen again until the middle of the sixteenth century. Strohm contends that England had no need to await the writings of Machiavelli to find its voice in matters of practical statecraft and political calculation. In support of this thesis, he analyzes a range of mainly vernacular fifteenth-century English political texts along with several contemporary writings from Burgundy, France, and Italy. The writers of these texts are unsentimental, shrewdly informed, and keenly concerned with political practice in the world. Intricately connected with this new discussion of worldly politics is a revised, and more hopeful, view of the individual's relation to Fortune and her operations. Emergent in the English fifteenth century is the possibility that the prudent prince can effectively Fortune-proof himself by the exercise of foresight and the qualities of vertue - a trait remarkably anticipatory of its Italian and Machiavellian counterpart, virtu. This view is introduced to England by the poet John Lydgate and flourishes in the second half of the fifteenth century. In addition to Lydgate, Strohm considers the imaginative accomplishments of other undercredited writers of the period, such as Fortescue, Pecock, Whethamstede, Warkworth, and the unnamed authors of Somnium Vigilantis, Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV, and the Great Chronicle of London. He also offers an appreciation of the collective linguistic and symbolic endeavors of those in the fifteenth-century public sphere. This detailed and rich study, which is based on the 2003 Conway Lectures Strohm delivered at the University of Notre Dame, contributes to the fields of medieval and early modern studies, medieval literary criticism, and political philosophy.

Daniel Among the Philosophers:

The importance of Walter Benjamin s thinking to Daniel Libeskind's design process as he developed the Jewish Museum. Berlin, has been noted by a number of writers — not least Anthony Vidler and Naomi Stead — as well as the architect himself.1 Among the opening displays was a room dedicated to the philosopher of the city, who it as not only a great chronicler of Berlin itself, but perhaps the outstanding thinker of the modem city as such. Benjamin and Libeskind are connected above all by the latter's creative use of the concept now most associated with the former: the passage, or, more accurately, passaging as the form of modern being. But the two men are also connected at a deeper theoretical level. I will show in this paper that it was a set of Benjamin's core concepts that enabled Libeskind to find a solution, not only to the problem for architecture set by Adorno, but also that set by Heidegger. The philosophical and therefore architectural originality of the Jewish Museum. Berlin — as Andrew Benjamin has also recognized — lies here.2

A Tragic Honesty: The Life and Work of Richard Yates

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book Forum: BiographiesFull AccessA Tragic Honesty: The Life and Work of Richard YatesSCOTT TEMPLE, Ph.D., SCOTT TEMPLESearch for more papers by this author, Ph.D., Iowa City, IowaPublished Online:1 Dec 2004https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2343AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail It would be an understatement to call the life of the great American writer Richard Yates (1926–1992) a tragedy: tuberculosis, emphysema, a four-pack/day cigarette habit, severe alcoholism, and poorly regulated bipolar disorder all were combined in a man who seemed hell-bent on destroying his health and the intimate relationships he so desperately needed. It is tempting to come away from this book focusing primarily on his obvious and huge psychological disturbances. His history of failed treatments, his ambivalence toward psychiatry, and particularly his contempt toward psychotherapy are woven throughout the narrative.Yates was a great chronicler of human misery and self-deception. His stories are so replete with self-deceiving characters, and are so bleak at times, that the term “Yatesian loser” was spawned. The real tragedy in this story, and its central mystery, is his own self-deception about his alcoholism and about his destructiveness in intimate relationships.As the years took the predictable toll on his health and his sanity, Yates sank deep into obscurity. A once-vaunted novelist, screenwriter, and speech writer for the Kennedys, Yates spent his last years destitute, despite the efforts of former students and colleagues to provide him with writing and teaching jobs. Repeated psychiatric hospitalizations and harrowing bouts of psychosis became fixtures in his life. This is, after all, a man who once set his own beard aflame. Coughing jags often left him too weary to do anything but light up another cigarette. Along the way, Yates alienated two wives who were initially devoted to him. His relationships to younger women became so pathetic at the end of his life that the strongest reader will wince. Yet one comes away from this biography strangely uplifted.This is not just another tale of a mood-disordered, alcoholic writer: Blake Bailey is far too good a writer to leave the reader with mere desolation. Bailey writes with compassion, affection, and even humor about Yates’s self-inflicted suffering. Yates’s quirkiness and madness are offset by a sense of his fundamental goodness. Nowhere is this goodness revealed more than in Bailey’s description of Yates’s deeply touching and affecting relationships with his three daughters.Ultimately, this is a writer’s tale, and Yates was a man who kept writing, even as his health and sanity faded. As he entered what he himself called “the bright winter of my life,” he preserved a relentless commitment to his artistic vision and to his craft. Bailey’s detailed description of the manuscript found in Yates’s freezer after his death should be required reading for anyone who ever said, “I want to write a novel,” or anyone who wonders what it really takes to be a great writer.Perhaps few fields demand as much of their practitioners, with so little prospect of reward, as does writing. Frank Conroy, the head of the Iowa Writer’s Workshop, has said that writing is a test of character. If so, then Yates clearly passed this test, even at the expense of nearly all other areas of his life.By Blake Bailey. New York, Picador, 2003, 671 pp., $35.00; $18.00 (paper). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 161Issue 12 December 2004Pages 2343-2344 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 December 2004 Published in print 1 December 2004

Notes on Dipavamsa : An Early Publication by U Pe Maung Tin

70 Journal of Burma Studies, Volume 9 NOTES ON DIPAVAMSA An Early Publication by U Pe Maung Tin Tilman Frasch* While residing in Yangon during the winter of 1990–91 for the purpose of studying Pagan epigraphs in preparation for my doctoral dissertation, I had few commitments in the evenings. Life at that time was still far from normal—curfew, for example, lasted from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., and everyone considered it an improvement when on November 1 the curfew was modified to start at 11 p.m. Street life usually subsided well before this time, a�er which only patrolling army trucks and jeeps were heard and occasionally seen. Even the famous all-night weaving ceremonies on the full moon day of Thadingyut were suspended. Periodically I called on friends, but most evenings were occupied by strolls along the streets where vendors arranged impromptu markets. With the exception of booksellers who had spread their printed goods on the pavement, there was li�le of interest to me. With the booksellers, however, I cultivated the spirit of prehistoric man byhuntingandgatheringwhatevermaterialsIcouldfind.Stone Age man’s provisions for survival will be called an “archive” by a modern historian, and inevitably, every historian sooner or later becomes a keeper of his own archive. My amassed print collection of various value and origin amounted in weight to about forty-five kilograms, but somehow I managed to li� it into an aircra� for the journey home. * Research Fellow, Asia Research Institute, Singapore. This text was originally presented at the colloquium in honor of U Pe Maung Tin, which took place in September 1998 at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Though the author has updated the text where new information required revision, the original style of the lecture has been maintained, including the very personal approach to both the person and the subject. Journal of Burma Studies, Volume 9 71 Notes on Dipavamsa Among those texts that I acquired just because I thought that they were good to have with me, there was a small booklet of roughly forty pages with a self-made cover and a hand-wri�en title, Notes on Dipavamsa. Being interested in the Buddhist historiography of Ceylon, I bought it without much hesitation. The Dipavamsa, as may be known, is to a certain extent a national history of the Sinhalese people, especially their religion.1 The chronicle was later revised (and with regard to style and arrangement surpassed as well) by another monk who entitled his work the Mahavamsa (The Great Chronicle).2 Both chronicles were already popular in Burma during the Pagan period and had a significant impact on history writing in Burma altogether. The Mahavamsa (and its continuation, the Culavamsa), for example, provided the textual reference for the painters who embellished the walls of the Myinkaba Kubyaukkyi temple at Pagan with portraits of Buddhist kings like Ashoka or Vijaya Bahu of Sri Lanka.3 Simultaneously, the chronicles were among the Buddhist literature dedicated to monastic libraries,4 a tradition that was to continue until the twentieth century.5 The Dipavamsa served as a model for the first surviving Burmese chronicle, the Yazawin-kyaw (Well-known Chronicle) of Shin Mahasilavamsa, wri�en in the early sixteenth century.6 Even U Kala, whose famous Yazawin-gyi (Great Chronicle) of the early eighteenth century may be considered the first “modern” history of Burma, had obviously been inspired by the Pali chronicles of Sri Lanka and used them as a reference in the field of religious history.7 Apart from that, the Sinhalese chronicles were published in Burma as well, the Mahavamsa in a li�le-known edition of 1932 and both the Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa in translation as a part of a series of Buddhist historical works prepared in the mid1950s .8 However, my sincere hope to find new information concerning the role of the Dipavamsa in Burmese historiography was disappointed as the text added nothing to the Dipavamsa itself, consisting instead of philological explanations of certain obscure Pali passages; notes on a few 72 Journal of Burma Studies, Volume 9 Tilman Frasch Buddhist terms; and a short, one-page...

Marie Frischauf's "Der graue Mann": National Socialism and the Austrian Novel

Marie Frischauf 's Der graue Mann: National Socialism and theAustrian Novel ANDREW BARKER Universityof Edinburgh In the summer of 1909, Arnold Schoenberg invited a twenty-seven-year-old Jewish doctor named Marie Pappenheim to provide him with a text for his first opera. Within just a few weeks this virtually unknown young writer, whose only previous publication was a handful of poems inKarl Kraus's Die Fackel, had completed a work which formed the textual basis for one of the most celebrated examples ofViennese modernism: the Expressionist mono drama Erwartung} Though finished by September 1909, this searing portrayal of a betrayed woman's spiritual anguish had to wait until 1924 before receiving itsbelated first performance under Alexander Zemlinsky's baton in Prague. Exactly forty years after the completion of Erwartung the same writer, now calling herself by her married name Marie Frischauf, published her only novel, Der graue Mann, inVienna. This work was all but ignored when it first appeared, and it has subsequently failed to attract any extended critical attention. Nevertheless, given Pappenheim's role in forging one of the central works ofDie Wiener Moderne, itwas not too surprising when an edition of Der graueMann was published in 2000 by the Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft in Vienna. This edition, along with some previously unknown poems forArnold Schoenberg, contains a detailed and highly informative essay on Pappenheim/Frischauf's life and works by theViennese scholar Marcus Patka.2 However, the novel which Patka published as Der graueMann is not a modern edition of the book that sank without trace after 1949. Instead, we are presented with a hitherto unknown novel fragment of some seventy-five pages, only labelled Der graue Mann (2) on the inside pages of the volume. As the 'Editorische Notiz' rather casually informs us: In 1949Marie Frischauf published a novel by the title ofDer graue Mann with the Viennese publisher Globus. This isnot identical with the book presented here. Der graue Mann (Part )was written in exile inMexico between 1941 and 1946, the action is set inVienna in the 1930s. In the years following her return from exile 1 Karl Kraus, Die Fackel, 202 (1906), 23. 2 Marie Frischauf, Der graue Mann. Roman und Gedichte f?r Arnold Schoenberg, ed. by Marcus G. Patka (Vienna, 2000). Hereafter referred to as Patka. 34 Frischauf's Der graue Mann Marie Frischauf wrote Part 2, presented here, which takes place inVienna directly after the war.3 So the original novel remains virtually unobtainable and almost completely unknown, more than fifty years after its initial publication. Yet this is a narrative that not only has literarymerit, it is also one that forces us to think afresh about theways inwhich the post-war Austrian novel has responded to the country's involvement with National Socialism. Encouraged by the Moscow Declaration of 1943, which had defined Austria's status as the first victim of National Socialism, politicians in the Second Republic failed for decades to address the country's singular complicity in the crimes of the Third Reich. In literature too, a similar amnesia seemed to take hold, with an ex-Nazi like Heimito von Doderer being elevated to the rank ofStaatsdichterin the 1950s and 60s. In a fit ofwell justified enthusiasm at the emergence of a great chronicler ofViennese life and mores, itwas conveniently forgotten that for several years after thewar Doderer had been forbidden to publish his work. When the ban was finally lifted, his enormous and beautifully crafted novel Die Strudlhofstiege ( 1951 ) set the tone for quasi-historical novels that blithely ignored events in the years 1938-45. Only with the emergence of younger writers like Thomas Bernhard (1931?1989) and ElfriedeJelinek (b. 1946), so it isnow widely held, did Austrian literature start to engage with the barely submerged legacy of the fascist past. In his recent study of Austrian writing after the restoration of literary life in 1945, Klaus Zeyringer notes that authors generally avoided the political sphere, for 'literature should emphasise "eternal values" '.4Already inDer graue Mann, however, a Viennese novelist, in a novel set and published inVienna, quite openly tackles the question of Austrian complicity in theNazi take-over of the country. The novel's central figure, the...

"To Better Our Condition": Educational Credentialing and "The Silent Compulsion of Economic Relations" in the United States, 1830 to the Present

In chapter 13 of Leviathan (“Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery”), Thomas Hobbes, that great chronicler of “masterless men” in a competitive market economy, graphically describes the fear and anxiety that pervade life in a state of nature. Hobbes begins by noting that “the natural condition of man” is marked by natural equality, competition, diffidence, and vanity and that life in a competitive society of self-directing individuals is one of constant competition for power, wealth, and glory. Life, Hobbes insists, is a zero-sum contest—a competitive race with all the prizes going to the winners. “The comparison of [the] life of man to a race,” he writes in The Elements of Law, “holdeth so well for our purpose. This race we must suppose to have no other goal, nor other garland, but being foremost.” If it were not for “that great LEVIATHAN … that mortal God … to which we owe … peace and defense,” competition, ambition, and greed would plummet society back into a state of nature and a life that is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.”

TL dating of Sri Lankan archaeological sites

TL dating in archaeology was initiated in Sri Lanka in 1985 at the research laboratories of the UNESCO Sri Lanka Cultural Triangle Project. Initially three test programs were carried out to see how well this dating method works in Sri Lanka: (1) Dating of bricks and pottery of historically well established structures and contexts. (2) Dating a series of samples: (a) bricks from different phases of Mirisewetiya stupa, (b) pottery from different contexts of citadel, Anuradhapura. (3) Heated sediments from the prehistoric human occupation site of Beli-Cave, Kitulgala (Abeyratne, 1994). All TL age estimates agree well with 14C chronologies or with the historical dates given in the ancient chronicle, Mahavamsa (the great chronicle of Ceylon) (Geiger and Bode, 1960).