Gray Var Research Articles

Gypsiferous groundwater and its desalination brine concentrate: Biomass, water use, and salt “mining” of three Southwestern USA native halophytes

In drought affected regions, alternative water sources and salt tolerant crops have become increasingly important. Although there is extensive documentation describing the response of halophytes to NaCl laboratory solutions, limited data exist on their responses to natural brackish groundwater (BGW) and desalination brine concentrate that could be dominated by ions other than Na and Cl. This study investigated the biomass, evapotranspiration (ET), water productivity (WP), and ion uptake responses of three southwestern USA native halophyte species, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush), A. lentiformis (Torr.) S. Watson (big saltbush), and Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray var. alyssoides (mesa pepperwort). Six-week-old seedlings were irrigated with a nonsaline control treatment solution [electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.6 dS m-1], CaSO4-dominant BGW (EC ≈ 4 dS m-1), CaSO4-dominant reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate (EC ≈ 8 dS m-1), and counterpart NaCl-dominant solutions (EC ≈ 4 or 8 dS m-1). After 6 wk, BGW and low NaCl solutions increased shoot biomass of . A. lentiformis by ≈ 20% but did not stimulate top growth of A. canescens or L. alyssoides. Increasing salinity had no effect on WP of L. alyssoides, but it increased WP of the Atriplex spp. The combined shoot Na and Cl concentrations reached 7% of dry wt. in L. alyssoides and 9–10% in the Atriplex spp. with no characteristic signs of leaf burn. Conversely, roots were the main sinks for Ca and S, combining for 6–7% of dry wt. and showing the potential to put the main brine solutes to beneficial use. Markedly similar patterns in growth and water use with the NaCl-only solutions and the CaSO4-dominant solutions suggests a primary role of total salinity in these salinity responses, which in turn supports the use of diverse BGW typesnot just NaCl for halophyte production.

Complete chloroplast genome of Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana (Thymelaeaceae)

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray var. koreana (Nakai) Hamaya is a shrub distributed in high mountains in Japan and Korea and is used as a medicinal plant. The complete chloroplast genome of D. pseudomezereum var. koreana is 171,152 bp long with four subregions consisting of a large single-copy region (84,963 bp), a small single-copy region (41,725 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (2739 bp). The genome includes 139 genes (93 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 38 tRNAs). Phylogenetic analyses show that D. pseudomezereum var. koreana is nested within the Daphne clade in the narrow sense and that it forms a distinct lineage.

부종휴의 제주도 자생식물 종 발표에 대한 해석과 의의

This review focuses on 333 scientific names published in 1964 by Jong-Hyu Bu. As a result, a total of 330 taxa including 102 families, 220 genera, 322 species, 2 variants, and 6 varieties were identified. Among them, the percentage of the scientific names at the time of publication corresponding with the accepted names at present accounts for mere 51.2%, 169 taxa including 29 taxa of the alien species. The recently published as unrecorded in Korea, includes native species such as Microsorum buergerianum (Miq.) Ching, Viola grypoceras A. Gray var. pubescens Nakai, Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe, Achyranthes longifolia (Makino) Makino as well as alien species such as Erigeron strigosus Muhl. In addition, the species that have not yet been identified on Jeju Island were 9 taxa including Cheilanthes argenta Kunze. The number of unrecorded species in Korea but distributed in Japan, Chine, etc. amounts to 28 taxa including Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kata, which are assumed to inhabit Jeju Island or appear to be in error in identification. The results of re-establishing the list of native plants on Jeju Island announced by Jong-Hyu Bu through the current plant taxonomy are considered to be of high value in forming the knowledge of the species distributed on Jeju Island.

Rearrangements in some species groups of Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) including keys, description of a new species, new host plant and distributional records.

Encompassing 39 species groups, Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815 is the second most diverse genus of seed-beetles in the Americas. Considering that the delimitation of some of the included species-groups is incongruent in the literature, this work tackled one particularly problematic group, the dispar group, which includes species that, depending on the classification scheme, have been classified in two other groups, namely the spondiae and alternatus groups. We recognize six valid species in the dispar group, viz. A. dispar (Sharp, 1885), A. crassipunctatus Ribeiro-Costa, 1999c A. insuturatus (Pic, 1902), A. schwarzi Kingsolver, 1970, A. taeniopygus Ribeiro-Costa, 1999 c, and Amblycerus goianiensis Santos & Ribeiro-Costa, sp. n., and four in the spondiae group, viz. A. spondiae Kingsolver, 1980, A. cuernavacensis Romero, Johnson & Kingsolver, 1996, A. vitis (Schaeffer, 1907) and A. alternatus (Pic, 1954). Three species are excluded from their original groups, namely A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer, 1904), A. serieguttatus (Chevrolat, 1877), from the alternatus group, and A. simulator (Jacquelin DuVal, 1857), from the dispar group, all considered here as incertae sedis. The remaining species of the alternatus group, A. schwarzi and A. alternatus, are transferred to other previously mentioned groups, thus dissolving this group. We provide diagnoses for the 13 species studied, redescribe three species, and describe one new species. Color illustrations of the dorsum and pygidium, drawings of the male genitalia and geographic distribution maps are included. Identification keys are also added for the dispar and spondiae groups. We record new host plants for four Amblycerus species and new localities for five species. The plant taxa Sarcomphalus mistol (Griseb.) Hauenschild, Terminalia corrugata (Ducke) Gere & Boatwr., T. tetraphylla (Aubl.) Gere & Boatwr. and Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray var. choriophylla (Wooton & Standl.) L. D. Benson are first registered here as hosts of Amblycerus. Four new records for Amblycerus, namely Capparis, Neopringlea, Rhus and Sarcomphalus, and two new records at the family level, Capparaceae A. Juss. and Salicaceae Mirb., the latter also being a new record for Bruchinae.

Sodium Chloride Effects on Seed Germination, Growth, and Water Use of Lepidium alyssoides, L. draba, and L. latifolium: Traits of Resistance and Implications for Invasiveness on Saline Soils

In the semiarid southwestern United States, long-term drought, soil salinity, and land-use intensification have increased the risk of invasive plants that threatens landscape biodiversity. Soil-related factors that regulate plant invasions are not adequately known. We evaluated the salinity responses of three invasive plant species during a 3-mo plant growth period in a greenhouse and during a 2–wk seed germination study in the laboratory. The species included the indigenous Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray var. alyssoides (mesa pepperwort) and the exotic, invasive L. draba L. (whitetop) and L. latifolium L. (perennial pepperweed). A NaCl solution at –0.2 MPa reduced germination of L. alyssoides by ≈20% and had no effect on germination of L. draba and L. latifolium, merely delaying their mean germination time by a day or less. Reductions in seedling dry matter production and evapotranspiration (ET) were observed following irrigation with NaCl solutions at –0.1 MPa and –0.2 MPa. However, on the basis of ET and total plant dry matter production under common experimental conditions, the salt resistance of these species greatly exceeded that of salt sensitive bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and equaled or exceeded that of salt-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Below-ground propagating structures giving rise to clonal shoots were observed for all Lepidium spp., consistent with other reports. The results indicate that vegetative propagule pressure and relatively high resistance to salinity at germination and seedling growth stages could contribute to the invasiveness of these species under saline conditions. A broader impact of the findings is in their application to the larger diversity of invasive species to aid in the understanding of soil salinity and how it may govern plant invasions. This dataset could improve risk assessment measures to favor biodiversity in rangelands and natural ecosystems of semiarid regions.

Factors affecting the genetic diversity of a perennial herb Viola grypoceras A. Gray var. grypoceras in urban fragmented forests

Habitat fragmentation is likely to have deleterious genetic consequences for plant populations. Although the genetic effects of fragmentation in plants have been investigated in various landscapes, such studies are scarce in urban landscapes where forests tend to be fragmented and have a complex internal structure. This study aimed to determine the factors, including patch and sub-patch level spatial factors, affecting the genetic diversity of a herbaceous species in urban fragmented forests. We collected 30–39 leaf samples of Viola grypoceras A. Gray var. grypoceras, a perennial herbaceous species with short-distance seed dispersal, from 12 fragmented and 12 suburban forests each at Kyoto City, Japan, and analyzed the genetic diversity of this species by developing six simple sequence repeat markers. Field survey was conducted to collect demographic and spatial data. There was no significant difference in allelic richness between the urban fragmented and suburban forests. However, statistical analysis revealed that the area of vegetation, distribution pattern of populations in a forest, and average distance between nearest populations affected the genetic diversity of this species in urban fragmented forests. Although V. grypoceras has traits that allow it to tolerate fragmentation, such as self-pollination and seed bank-formation ability, pure loss of habitat and reduced fragment size might have deleterious effects on this species, and these effects might become more apparent if fragmentation continues to proceed in the future.

Morphological and Isoenzyme Variation in Rhododendron occidentale (Western Azalea) (Section Pentanthera; Ericaceae)

Morphological and isoenzyme variation among populations of western azalea, Rhododendron occidentale (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray, were examined. Three regional parapatric groups were revealed: 1) the northern California outer North Coast Ranges; 2) the northern California and southern Oregon Klamath Ranges; and 3) the central California Sierra Nevada and southern California Peninsular Ranges. A highly variable but generally intermediate fourth group is restricted to ultrabasic substrates (serpentine) in the middle and inner North Coast Ranges of California. It is comprised of populations with recombined morphologies and alleles that were otherwise restricted to one or more of the three groups above. A revised intraspecific treatment is proposed, with the three regional groups above recognized as varieties. These are: R. occidentale (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray var. occidentale (outer North Coast Ranges), R. o. var. paludosum Jeps. (Klamath Ranges), and Rhododendron. occidentale var. californicum (Torr. & A. Gray) Hrusa comb. et stat. nov. (Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges). Lectotypifications of Azalea occidentalis Torr. & A. Gray isotypes at PH and GH, Azalea californica Torr. & A. Gray in Durand, and Rhododendron sonomense Greene (NDG) are also provided.

Land Application of Treated Industrial Wastewater on a Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland: Impacts on the Natural Vegetation

Impacts of wastewater land application on desert vegetation are not adequately known. In a 4-yr field study, we evaluated the effects of treated, saline−sodic industrial effluent application on the aboveground vegetation biomass and mineral accumulation of a Chihuahuan Desert shrubland. The vegetation included two shrubs, Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville and Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and seven herbaceous species in the intershrub spaces. Early summer fruit dry weights on terminal branches of the irrigated shrubs were 3 to 14 times higher than those on the non-irrigated shrubs. The combined irrigated vegetation produced 2 Mg of additional dried biomass per ha above that of the non-irrigated plot, and contained excesses of total Kjeldahl-N (TKN) and Ca2+ equivalent to 18% of effluent N deposition and 12% of effluent Ca2+ deposition. Under irrigated and highly sodic conditions (soil sodium adsorption ratio up to 35), the herbaceous Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray var. alyssoides produced the highest biomass of all plant species. However, there was a decline in plant species diversity as L. alyssoides became dominant in the irrigated intershrub spaces. While the findings demonstrate the natural attenuation of effluent minerals by native Chihuahuan Desert vegetation, highly sodic conditions may alter the composition of the vegetation community.

New record of genus Viola: Viola grypoceras A. Gray var. pubescens Nakai in Korea

We report an unrecorded taxon of genus Viola, V. grypoceras A. Gray var. pubescens Nakai, collected on Jeju Island, Korea. The distribution of this variety was restricted to the northern part of Japan, Hokkaido in particular. It is distinguished from V. grypoceras in that it is densely pilose except on its spur and lateral petals. We gave it the Korean name 'Tul-nak-si-je-bi-kkot' based on the morphological characters. In addition, some illustrations of this variety and a key to the V. grypoceras complex were provided.

English

An uncommon variety of perennial mustard occurred in a topsoil stripping area at a southeast Montana coal mine. Spring Creek Coal Company is attempting to reestablish Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray var. lanata A. Nelson, woolly twinpod, in reclamation. This recognized variety is rated S1 in Montana (at risk, imperiled); the G5 (common, secure) global designation refers to generic Physaria didymocarpa (common twinpod), whereas T2 (less imperiled than S1, it occurs also in WY) refers to the trinomial (var. lanata). It is more of a stenotopic stress-tolerator than a competitor. In the wild, fruits aren't produced every year and empty capsules are common, hence the prospects for collecting seed appeared dim. Fifty mature plants were collected from the area permitted for mining and transplanted into five-gallon Smartpots™ with a mix of native scoria soil, manure-based compost, and commerical mycorrhizal inoculant. One year later, most were magnificent specimens bearing more and bigger fruits than seen in nature. Because seed production is naturally meager, cloning was implemented to propagate seedlings to become nursery-raised transplants. Tissue culture was easily started from seed provided by three of the original transplants. However, transplanting and acclimatizing them to commercial greenhouse conditions presented other problems. Seedling survival was just 15%. Seed collected from the initial transplants, prompted by their prodigious fruit production, yielded about 90% survival. From these two propagation methods, more than one thousand 115-ml (seven- cubic-inch) stubby cells were raised in 2008. An experimental population was planted in fall 2008 into suitable mine reclamation. Approximately 800 seedlings will be transplanted in spring 2009, this effort to be repeated in subsequent years. In addition to delicate clone roots/indurate agar, challenges include nursery rot due to the tendency to collect water at the rosette center, providing good root/soil contact when transplanting into appropriate coarse substrate, and possible herbivory. Flexibility and adaption are key elements of the revegetation program. Some lessons may guide others similarly engaged.

Cytogeography of Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae (Asteraceae: Astereae)

Chromosome numbers were determined for 347 individuals of Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae (Torr. & A. Gray) Nesom, including 151 new reports. Previously unpublished documented reports are for the following taxa: Solidago caesia L. var. caesia R.E. Cook & Semple, S. caesia var. zedia R.E. Cook & Semple, Solidago curtisii Torr. & A. Gray var. curtisii (Small) R.E. Cook & Semple, S. curtisii var. flaccidifolia (Small) R.E. Cook & Semple, Solidago flexicaulis L., Solidago glomerata Michx., and Solidago lancifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Chapm. All counts for S. caesia, Solidago macrophylla Pursh., and Solidago ouachitensis Taylor & Taylor were diploid (2n = 18). Two published counts for Solidago albopilosa E.L. Braun were tetraploid. Counts of 2n = 18 and 36 were made for S. flexicaulis. Counts of 2n = 18, 36, and 54 were made for S. curtisii. Counts of 2n = 108 and 126 were made for S. glomerata, and 2n = 90 for S. lancifolia. Cytogeographic maps of S. albopilosa , S. caesia var. caesia, S. curtisii var. curtisii, S. curtisii var. flaccidifolia, S. flexicaulis, S. glomerata, S. lancifolia, S. macrophylla, and S. ouachitensis were prepared including all counts. The following are first documented reports for the taxon: S. caesia var. zedia , 2n = 18, one population; S. lancifolia, 2n = 90, four populations.

First report of Nemania serpens var. hydnicola in Canada, and production of the teleomorph in culture

Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) S.F. Gray var. hydnicola (Schwein.) Y.-M. Ju & J.D. Rogers is reported for the first time in Canada, fruiting on a decaying Fomitopsis pinicola sporocarp collected in Victoria, BC. Freshly ejected ascospores were germinated in culture, and produced both a Geniculosporium anamorph and the teleomorph on oatmeal agar. The isolate failed to produce teleomorphic stromata on scratch malt extract medium.

NEW TAXA OF CAMISSONIA (ONAGRACEAE); ERIGERON, HYMENOXYS, AND TETRADYMIA (COMPOSITAE); LEPIDIUM AND PHYSARIA (CRUCIFERAE) FROM ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, AND UTAH

Abstract Three new taxa are described from the Arizona Strip in northwestern Arizona: Camissonia dominguez-escalantorum N.D. Atwood, L.C. Higgins & S.L. Welsh, sp. nov.; Physaria arizonica (S. Watson) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz var. andrusensis N.D. Atwood, S.L. Welsh & L.C. Higgins, var. nov.; and Tetradymia canescens DC. var. thorneae N.D. Atwood, S.L. Welsh & L.C. Higgins, var. nov. Two new taxa are described from New Mexico: Lepidium montanum Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray var. todiltoensis N.D. Atwood & S.L. Welsh, var. nov. and Hymenoxys argentea (A. Gray) K.F. Parker var. thoreauensis N.D. Atwood, S.L. Welsh & A. Clifford, var. nov. Two new species are described from Utah: Camissonia bolanderi N.D. Atwood & S.L. Welsh, sp. nov. and Erigeron katiae S.L. Welsh and N.D. Atwood, sp. nov. Each is compared to related species based on differences in morphology.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES IN LESSINGIA (COMPOSITAE: ASTEREAE)

Phylogenetic studies of Lessingia Cham. show that different corolla coloration (pink/white vs. yellow) diagnoses the two major clades of Lessingia sensu stricto. There are no taxonomic changes in the “pink/white group” but two taxa within the “yellow group,” recognized by Lane (1993) as L. glandulifera A. Gray and L. lemmonii A. Gray, are not monophyletic and have therefore been realigned to reflect natural lineages. The circumscription of L. lemmonii sensu Lane (1993) has been expanded and now includes the type specimen of L. glandulifera, a name that has priority over L. lemmonii. Plants included in a narrowed circumscription of L. glandulifera sensu Lane (1993) will now be recognized as L. pectinata Greene. Lessingia glandulifera A. Gray var. peirsonii (J. T. Howell) Markos and L. pectinata Greene var. tenuipes (J. T. Howell) Markos are new combinations.

Leaf water potential responses of three bean varieties to water stress during flowering in a semi-arid environment of Kenya

The study’s main objectives were to investigate the leaf water potential responses of three bean varieties to water stress during flowering with a view to making recommendations on their agricultural suitability for the semi-arid environments of Kenya. The experiments were conducted over two seasons at KARI/ICRISAT experimental field station located at Kiboko in southeast Kenya. The selected beans were: the high-yielding Kenyan varieties Mwezi moja and Rose coco (Phaseolus vulgaris L., var. GLP-1004 and var. GLP-2, respectively) and a ‘minor pulse’ Tepary bean variety (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius). These three bean varieties were grown under optimum water and nutrient conditions for 65, 70 and 60 days, respectively, the periods required for each to reach physiological maturity. At the critical stage of flowering, irrigation was withheld from half of the bean plots to induce water stress, and the diurnal leaf water potentials measured on stressed and non-stressed plants. Differences in leaf water potentials between the treatments were apparent. Tepary beans maintained higher leaf water potential (LWP) and showed more pronounced diurnal responses than Mwezi and Rose beans under both water stressed and non-water stressed conditions. However, LWPs in the last two bean varieties decreased more rapidly and much earlier in the morning than in Tepary, and their percentage yield reductions from the optimum following the induced water stress were also higher. The short growth cycle of Tepary bean together with its maintenance of a high LWP and good yield performance under water stress could be interpreted to mean that this variety is more adaptable to a semi-arid environment than Mwezi and Rose beans.

Yield and Nitrogen Fixation Response by Drought Tolerant Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray Var. Latifolius) in Sole and Maize Intercrop Systems in Semi-arid Kenya

Tepary bean (TB), a drought tolerant bean variety has become popular among poor small-scale farmers in semi-arid Kenya, where it is predominantly inter-cropped with maize. Field experiments were conducted on effect of intercropping TB and maize on nitrogen fixation and crop yield in semi-arid Kenya over two cropping seasons. Experimental design was randomized complete block with eight treatments: TB sole crop not inoculated with Rhizobium (R3254) and without N fertilizer (N), TP sole crop not inoculated with R3254 with or without N, TB sole crop inoculated with R3254 without N, TB with maize intercrop not inoculated with R3254 with or without N and maize sole crop with or without N. Each treatment was replicated four times. Significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) were observed in total plant dry weight in treatment R3254 at both 21 and 42 days after emergence (DAE). TB yields were significantly reduced in uninoculated intercrop. Inoculated TB treatments had significantly higher seed dry weights and yields ha-1. Intercropping TB and maize suppresses the yield of the former under semi-arid conditions. Inoculating TB with Rhizobium strain R3254 was infective, effective and significantly improved TB yields in sole and intercrop. Soil analysis after the two cropping seasons indicated enhancement of soil N in sole TB plots above pre-planting levels. Maize plots exhibited a decline in soil N. Total N concentration in plant tissues was significantly enhanced in treatment R3254. There was a marked increase in soil P in all treatment plots following amendment.

Scarification Technique Affects Germination of Stylisma pickeringii (Patterson bindweed), an Illinois Endangered Plant

Abstract The seed coat of Stylisma pickeringii (Torr.) Gray var. pattersoni (Patterson bindweed), an endangered species of Illinois sand prairies, inhibits water uptake and seed germination. The purpose of this research was to find an effective and efficient way to scarify seeds of S. pickeringii to aid reintroduction into its natural habitat. Seeds were collected from sandy areas close to the Illinois River near Snicarte (Mason Co.), Illinois during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Experiments were conducted to determine the best scarification techniques (basal cut, sandpaper shakes, sulfuric acid, sand shakes and sonication). Initially, each technique was evaluated by scarifying the seeds for different times (except for the basal cut). The optimal time for each scarification technique then was compared. Scarified seeds were germinated in petri dishes at 25 C, 16 h photoperiod, with a mean light intensity of 51 μ mol m−2s−1. The basal cut, 48 h sandpaper shake, 120 min acid soak and 72 h sand shake techniqu...

Improvement of drought adapted tepary bean ( Phaseolusacutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius) yield through biological nitrogen fixation in semi-arid SE-Kenya

Tepary bean (TB), a drought adapted bean variety has recently assumed prominence among resource poor farmers in semi-arid SE-Kenya. However, its productivity is still low because of inadequate inputs. Greenhouse experiments were initially carried out to determine the number of rhizobia specific to TB in the soils of SE-Kenya, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of the same. The most probable number (MPN) of Rhizobia cells capable of nodulating TB were 1.0×10 2 cells per gram of soil in SE-Kenya. Subsequent field experiments were conducted at Kiboko KARI sub-station over two rainy seasons, i.e. long rains (LR) 1999 (March–June) and short rains (SR) 1999/2000 (October–January). The main objective was to screen various Rhizobia strains effectivity in nitrogen fixation with TB. The field trials showed that from the five Rhizobium strains tested only R3254 significantly increased pod dry weight, seed dry weight and seed yield/ha. Top dressed fertilizer N had no significant impact on growth and seed formation of tepary bean. Total nitrogen (N) concentration in the plant tissues was significantly enhanced in the course of the vegetative growth in R3254 treatment. This is an indication that Rhizobium strain R3254 can be used in the improvement of TB production for the resource poor farmers of semi-arid SE-Kenya.

The genus Nemania s.l. (Xylariaceae) in Norden

Abstract A taxonomic study of Nemania Gray, Entoleuca Syd. and Euepixylon Füisting (= Nemania s.l.; Xylariaceae) was carried out for the Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. No species of Nemania have been found in the remaining Norden: Iceland and the Faeroes. Fourteen species of Nemania s. str. were found in the area: Nemania aenea, N. aureolutea comb. n., N. atropurpurea, N. carbonacea, N. chestersii, N. colliculosa comb. n., N. con.fluens, N. diffusa, N. effusa, N. prava n. sp., N. reticulata comb. n., N. serpens, and two unknown species (Nemania spp. A and B) not formally described because of scanty material. In addition the two split-outs fromNemania, Entoleuca mammata andEuepixylon udum, are treated. A dichotomous key has been prepared and the species are reviewed alphabetically with comments on taxonomy, ecology and chorology. All species have been drawn, photographed and mapped. In addition to conventional taxonomic procedures, a selection of species from Nemania s.l., Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon were subjected to an ITS nrDNA sequencing study. This study supported the delimitation of taxa as defined in this work, and confirms Nemani a as different from Hypoxylon and Biscogniauxia. Four EuropeanNemania taxa are still unknown in Norden: Nemania gwyneddii (Whalley, R.L. Edwards & S.M. Francis) Pouzar, N. illita (Schwein.) Pouzar, Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray var. macrospora (J.H. Mill.) Pouzar. The fourth taxon, Hypoxylon terricola J.H. Mill. certainly also belongs to Nemania.

Inheritance of Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Four Tepary Bean Lines

High levels of resistance to common bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye (Xcp) have been observed for tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman). However, the inheritance of resistance from this source is unknown for many lines. The inheritance of common bacterial blight resistance was studied in four tepary bean lines crossed with the susceptible tepary bean MEX-114. Progenies were inoculated with a single Xcp strain 484a. Segregation ratios in the F2 generation suggested that resistance in Neb-T-6-s and PI 321637-s was governed by one dominant gene, and Neb T-8a-s had two dominant genes with complementary effects. These hypotheses for inheritance of resistance were supported by various combinations of F1, F3, BC1Pn segregation data in all lines except PI 321637-s where an additional minor-effect gene with recessive inheritance was indicated. Generation means analyses corroborated that multiple resistance genes were present in PI 321638-s. Lack of segregation for susceptibility among testcrosses for allelism between Neb-T-6-s/PI 321637-s, Neb-T-6-s/Neb-T-8a-s, PI 321637-s/Neb-T-8a-s, and PI 321637-s/PI 321638-s, suggested that one or more loci conditioning resistance to common bacterial blight were in common across the four tepary lines.