Graves Type Research Articles

A Trigonometric Approach to Time Fractional FitzHugh-Nagumo Model on Nerve Pulse Propagation

The aim of this paper is to put on display the numerical solutions and dynamics of time fractional Fitzhugh-Nagumo model, which is an important nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation. For this purpose, finite element method based on trigonometric cubic B-splines are used to obtain numerical solutions of the model. In this model, the derivative which is fractional order is taken in terms of Caputo. Thus, time dicretization is made using L1L1 algorithm for Caputo derivative and space discretization is made using trigonometric cubic B- spline basis. Also, the non-linear term in the model is linearized by the Rubin Graves type linearization. The error norms are calculated for measuring the accuracy of the finite element method. The comparison of numerical and exact solutions are exhibited via tables and graphics.

Computational modeling of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation and its numerical solution using hybrid B-spline collocation technique

The dynamics of high-energy scattering of hadrons are governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In the parton model of QCD, scattering can be represented as a kind of reaction–diffusion process and consequently can be included in the category of the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piscounov (FKPP) equation. We perform a numerical study in the mean-field approximation of QCD evolution given by the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation, using the hybrid B-spline (HB-spline) collocation technique. The Rubin–Graves type linearization process is used to linearize the nonlinear terms. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are checked by taking numerical examples. It is noticed that the present method gives more accurate results than existing methods. The von Neumann stability analysis is also discussed for the discretized system of the BK equation.

At Nalı Böbrekten İki Hastaya Transplantasyon Deneyimimiz: Olgu Sunumu

Horseshoe kidney is one of the most common congenital fusion anomalies and may be an important option due to the limited donor pool for kidney transplantation. Horseshoe kidneys may be used for transplantation to selected patients with a single recipient or divided and transplanted into to separate receivers. A Graves Type 2 horseshoe kidney obtained from a cadaver was successfully transplanted into two recipients in our clinic. KEY wOrDS: Renal transplantation, Horseshoe kidney, Transplantation to two recipients

Chain Rules for Linear Openness in General Banach Spaces

This paper is devoted to the investigation of the linear openness of a general type of set-valued composition in Banach spaces. As an application of the main result, we study an important issue recently brought into attention by a paper of Arutyunov: the relation between some assertions on fixed points of set-valued compositions and linear openness results of Lyusternik--Graves type. Then we show, on one hand, that the chain rule for linear openness we obtain here covers several well-known and recent results in the field and, on the other hand, that it generates new interesting conclusions.

Psychosomatic concept of hyperthyroidism - Graves type: Behavioral and biochemical characteristics

In this study we test the hypothesis that specific behavioral and biochemical vulnerabilities characterize individuals with hyperthyroidism-Graves type, one of the classically cited "psychosomatic disorders". The sample included 24 subjects with Graves disease and 34 controls. All participants were evaluated for personality and temperament characteristics and for platelet MAO activity. A smaller group of panic disorder patients was tested with the same set of measures to ensure a validity of the study, especially regarding results on personality tests. Individuals with hyperthyroidism had lower platelet MAO activity and higher scores on histrionic (Hy), depressive (D) and hypochondriac (H) subscale on the MMPI-201 than normal controls. Their TPQ temperament scores were characterized by high Harm Avoidance, whereas other temperament traits were average. Platelet MAO activity was inversely correlated with the MMPI-201 psychopatic deviance scale (Pd) and positively correlated with the TPQ Reward Dependence scale. Our results provide support for the psychosomatic concept of Graves' disease. Personality features, temperament traits, and platelet MAO activity of hyperthyroid individuals are different from those in normal controls and correspond to those observed in anxiety disorders. We propose that the observed behavioral and biochemical similaritites between hyperthyroid and anxiety disorder patients represent an equicausality phenomenon, where the same underlying heritable factors, such as variable central monoaminergic activity coupled with temperament-related susceptibility to stress, facilitate phenotypic manifestation of a number of psychosomatic and psychialric disorders--including Graves disease. The observed correlations between personality traits and MAO activity provide support for the hypothesized functional relationship between the underlying central monoaminergic activity and temperament traits associated with anxiety, depression, and impulsivity.

Grime's Graves: Floors 47 to 59

By the very kind permission of the owners, I was enabled to carry out the excavation of some “floors” at Grime's Graves, in June and July, 1919, with some friends.At the same time Mr. D. Richardson was clearing the remarkable site which he discovered in the North Field.The centre of Floor 52 was fifty paces N.E. of the corner of the West Field, and fourteen from the edge of the cart track north of the wood. Twenty yards N.W. of the said centre was Floor 47, nearer to the cart track coming up out of the valley, and with comparatively small flakes and cores, of poor quality. The facets are short, deep, and wide, like those on an implement of the Chelles Period. The shapes of the cores differ from the true Grime's Graves type. At Floor 51 Mr. W. G. Clarke rightly pointed out that these traits were, in part, due to the fact that wall-stone was used. Only in part, however, for floor-stone was also used, as examination showed. The chipped flints in the outer part of Floor 47 lay in the lower part of the humus, 9 ins. below the surface.