Grass Pea Genotypes Research Articles

Deciphering genotype-by-environment interaction of grass pea genotypes under rain-fed conditions and emphasizing the role of monthly rainfall

Rainfed regions have inconsistent spatial and temporal rainfall. So, these regions could face water deficiency during critical stages of crop growth. In this regard, multi-environment trials could play a key role in introducing stable genotypes with good performance across several rainfed regions. Grass pea, as a potential forage crop, is a resilient plant that could grow in unsuitable circumstances. In this study, agro-morphological attributes of 16 grass pea genotypes were examined in four semi-warm rain-fed regions during the years 2018–2021. The MLM analysis of variance showed a significant genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for dry yield, seed yield, days to maturity, days to flowering, and plant height of grass pea. The PLS (partial least squares) regression revealed that rainfall in the grass pea establishment stage (October and November) is meaningful. For grass pea cultivation, monthly rainfall during plant growth is important, especially in May, with an aim for seed yield. Regarding dry yield, G5, G10, G11, G12, G13, and G15 were selected as good performers and stable genotypes using DY × WAASB biplots, while SY × WAASB biplot manifested G2, G3, G12, and G13 as superior genotypes with stable seed yield. Considering equal weights for yield as well as the WAASB stability index (50/50), G13 was selected as the best one. Among test environments, E2 and E11 played a prominent role in distinguishing the above genotypes from other ones. In this study, MTSI (multi-trait stability index) analysis was applied to select a stable genotype, considering all measured agro-morphological traits simultaneously. Henceforth, the G5 and G15 grass pea genotypes were discerningly chosen due to their commendable performance in the WAASBY plot. In this context, G13 did not emerge as the winner based on MTSI; however, it exhibited an MTSI value in close proximity to the outer boundary of the circle. Consequently, upon comprehensive consideration of all traits, it is deduced that G5, G13, and G15 can be appraised as promising superior genotypes with stability across diverse environmental conditions.

The Response of Early-Maturing Grass Pea (Lathyrus Sativus) Genotypes to Different Levels of Salinity Stress

The Response of Early-Maturing Grass Pea (Lathyrus Sativus) Genotypes to Different Levels of Salinity Stress

GGE biplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction and forage yield stability in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) genotypes

In crop breeding programs, biplot analysis is a well-known statistical method. This study aimed to survey the genotype ? environment interaction (GEI) on grass pea genotypes in Iran. The experiment was conducted in twelve environments (four separate sites: Gachsaran, Kuhdasht, Mehran, and Shirvanchardavol) over three sequential years (2017, 2018, and 2019) with sixteen grass pea genotypes. The purpose of this research was to utilize the GGE biplot as a tool to identify the superior genotypes of grass peas. The results for the combined analysis of variance, genotypes, and the GEI revealed a significant impact (p < 0.001) on forage yield. Moreover, genotype ? environment interaction responded differently under various climatic conditions. The interaction components evaluated by the biplots revealed the genotypes' predominant effect and the significant genotype ? environment interactions (GEI). The first two principal components (PCs) interpreted up to 93.11% of the total variation in the GGE model (PC1 = 53.30%, PC2 = 37.80%). GGE biplot analysis categorized the studied environments into two mega-groups for forage yield. Genotype G11 (Russia) was superior in terms of mean forage yield (5.362 t/ha). The genotypes that performed best in each environment, were genotypes G11 (Russia) and G8 (Bangladesh-I). Among these genotypes, G11 (Russia) was the highest-yielding genotype in the field. The Kohdasht site was the most discerning and representative test environment for crop yield. The selected genotypes are recommended for breeding programs aimed to improve forage yield in the tested sites or similar agroecological areas.

Genome-Wide Analysis for Yield-Related Agronomic and Biochemical Traits of Chinese and Bangladeshi Grass Pea Genotypes Using SSR Markers

Genome-Wide Analysis for Yield-Related Agronomic and Biochemical Traits of Chinese and Bangladeshi Grass Pea Genotypes Using SSR Markers

Grain yield and quality characteristics of some grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes grown as summer and winter crop under ecological conditions of Yozgat

Amaç: Türkiye’de uzun yıllardır kaliteli kaba yem açığı bulunmaktadır. Bu durum hayvanların kalitesinde ve verimlerinde düşüşler meydana getirmektedir. Diğer taraftan kurak ve yarı kurak iklim kuşağında yer alan Türkiye iklim değişikliğinden en fazla etkilenmesi beklenen ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Yem bitkileri açığı ve iklim koşullarında beklenen olumsuzluklar koşullarına uygun bitkilerin yetiştirilmesini zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Baklagiller familyasında yer alan mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus L.) hayvan besleme açısından oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olup, kuraklığa toleransı yüksektir ve çok farklı topraklarda rahatlıkla gelişme gösterebilmektedir.
 Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmada; Yozgat ekolojik koşullarında kışlık ve yazlık olarak ekilen farklı mürdümük genotiplerinin (Gap Mavisi, Eren, İptaş, Karadağ, 1603, 2006, 2401, 4301, 4403, 5001, 6408, 6410 ve S3) tane verimi ve kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2019-2020 vejetasyon döneminde ve Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur.
 Araştırma Bulguları: Bitkilerin tohumlarında, tane verimi, ham protein oranı, ODAP (N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid), toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid, radikal kovucu aktivite (DPPH) ve kondanse tanen içerikleri belirlenmiştir.
 Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre, yazlık ekimlerin kışlık ekimlere göre daha üstün olduğu, hayvan besleme ve verimlik açısından ise bazı popülasyonların çeşitlerden daha iyi sonuçlar sergilediği tespit edilmiştir.

Forage quality and mineral composition of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes

Forage quality and mineral composition of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes

The role of micropyle for grass pea germination

PurposeThis study aims to identify the location of the micropyle, the role of the micropyle in seed germination and the association between the micropyle size and seed weight of grass peas.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the micropyle was identified by cutting the seed in half and observing the seeds under the electron microscope. Second, the micropyle was covered by lanolin to block water imbibition. The rate of imbibition and germination was then observed. Lastly, micropyle sizes of various grass pea genotypes were identified by capturing seed images under a light microscope and converting the sizes to mm2 using computer software (ImageJ).FindingsThe location of micropyle was located nearby the hilum, similar to soybean seeds. Seed imbibition was significantly lower in lanolin application (<87%) than in the control (>124%) after 24 hours of submergence. Germination was a day delay for lanolin application on the micropyle compared to lanolin application on the non-micropyle. The germination delay resulted in a significantly lower germination percentage at <57% on the micropyle lanolin application than at >79% on the non-micropyle lanolin application after 10 days of sowing. There is no correlation between the micropyle size and seed weight.Originality/valueThese findings add information on the location and the role of the micropyle for grass pea seed germination.

FATTY ACID CONTENTS IN GRASS PEA ELITE LINES GROWN IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

used as food and feeding. This study was conducted to characterize 15 superior grass pea genotypes grown in two locations (Antalya and Isparta) with respect to fatty acids, oil content and oil yield (Seed yield (g plant-1) × Oil content (%)). Grass pea seeds were sown in a randomized complete blocks design and an augmented experimental design in Antalya and Isparta, respectively. In the first step of study, the seeds were harvested on 25 May 2021 and 15 June 2021 in Antalya and Isparta respectively. Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid present in all grass pea genotypes, with its contents ranging from 39.38% (GP213) to 42.61% (GP150). Lauric, tridecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitic and erucic acid were found at trace levels; meanwhile, oleic acid was determined as the second excess fatty acid in all genotypes, ranging from 19.12 to 21.41%. The amounts of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were calculated to be in the ranges of 23.82-28.57%, 19.63-22.36% and 51.06-54.43%, respectively. The oil ratios and oil yields of the genotypes varied between 0.59 and 0.80% and between 0.01 and 0.24 g plant-1. The significance t-test for mean values indicated that there were no significant differences between the locations for all fatty acid features and oil traits. These presented data showed these collection presents new superior lines with respect to oil traits

Evaluation of Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis of Grain and Forage Yield of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativa L.) Genotypes

Evaluation of Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis of Grain and Forage Yield of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativa L.) Genotypes

Graphical analysis of forage yield stability under high and low potential circumstances in 16 grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotype

Introducing grass pea genotypes with wide adaptability across diverse environments is important. Dry forage yield of 16 grass pea genotypes, tested in a RCBD design with three replicates across 4 locations over 3 seasons in Iran. The GGE biplot method based on SREG model facilitated a visual evaluation of the best genotypes. The first two principal components accounted for 77 % of the GE interaction and revealed six winning genotypes and four mega-environments. The average location coordinate (ALC) was used to examine both yield performance and stability and indicated IFLA-1913, IFLA-1961, IFLA-1812, and IFLA-2025 were the best genotypes. Based on the ideal-genotype approach, genotype G5 was better than all other genotypes and showed both high forage yield and stability across locations. According to G + GE sources of variations, the genotypes (IFLA-1913, IFLA-1961, IFLA-1812, and IFLA-2025) were the most suitable varieties for the grass pea-producing regions in semi-arid and rain-fed conditions. An ideal location should be both discriminating of the genotypes and representative of the average location, but we could not find such location in this research. Results confirmed that G5 (IFLA-1961) has high stability and high yield performance (4.92 t ha-1), and could introduce as favorable genotype for commercial variety release.

Determination of Some Physical and Physiological Properties of Seeds of Different Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

Determination of Some Physical and Physiological Properties of Seeds of Different Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

Diversity for Fatty Acid and Organic Acid Contents in Mutant Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

Background: Considering global warming and climate changes, grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is becoming advantageous and popular with its characteristics such as resistance to biotic stresses. The objective of the present study was to determine the variations in fatty acid and organic acid content in induced grass pea populations. Methods: Forty-one grass pea genotypes that include forty mutant genotypes and one released variety (Gürbüz 2001) were investigated in term of fatty acids using the GC-MS device and organic acids using UPLC-MS/MS device. Result: Heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were determined as major fatty acid constituent in forty mutant genotypes. In saturated fatty acids, the highest values were determined as 403.24, 401.39 and 398.87 mg 100 g-1 (in GPM5, GPM20, GPM34), respectively. Compared the control cultivar, the maximum values of GPM21 (18.77%), GPM5 (18.68%) and GPM33 (18.12%) were higher in PUFA. And in the similar, the values of GPM19 (11.52%), GPM28 (10.54%) and GPM4 (5.62%) were lower obtained in PUFA. As the maximum values of succinic, lactic, oxalic, citric and tartaric acid were obtained in GPM9, GPM37 and GPM11, the lowest values were found in GPM4, GPM13 and GPM18, respectively. The values of fatty acids and organic acids, important criteria for animal feeding and human nutrition, will guide further breeding studies for the development of these 40 mutant genotypes.

Evaluation of Some Grass Pea Genotypes (Lathyrus sativus L.) for Forage, Seed Yield and Its Components Under Rainfed Conditions in Sulaimani Region

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering/University of Sulaimani, during the winter season of 2016-2017 to study the evaluation of some grass pea genotypes for forage, seed yield and its components under rainfed conditions. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. Six genotypes of Lathyrus sativus L., one of these is local named (Marble) and the fifth other (IF1344, IF1953, IF1346, IF1332, and IF1347) obtained from ICARDA, were included in this study. Means comparison were carried out using least significant difference test (LSD) at 0.05 significant levels. The results showed that the effect of genotypes on forage yield characters was significant for the character’s fresh forage yield and dry matter percent but the effects was not significant for the character dry forage yield. Marble (Local) genotype gave maximum yield of green forage, while genotype IF1953 recorded minimum green forage yield. But concerning dry matter percent, the highest value exhibited by IF1346 genotype, in which IF1332 gave the lowest value of dry matter. Concerning the effect of genotypes on forage yield components, which was significantly affected all characters with the exception of the character leaves/stem ratio was found to be not significant, IF1346 genotype recorded maximum values of plant height and dry leaf percent, while minimum value of plant height recorded by IF1332 genotype but minimum percent of dry leaf was exhibited by Marble genotype. Regarding the characters No. of branches.plant-1, fresh stem percent and dry stem percent, Marble genotype gave the highest values for these traits, in which the lowest value of the trait No. of branches.plant-1 recorded by IF1346 genotype, but minimum values of fresh stem and dry stem percent exhibited by IF1347 genotype respectively. a cluster analysis results of all grass pea genotypes based on forage yield and its components, showed that there were two major (K= 2) groups for studied grass pea genotypes, the first group consist of five genotypes were (IF1344, IF1953 , IF1346,IF1332 and IF1347) and the second group was one genotype (Marble). But regarding seed yield and its components, the highest values of these traits (biological yield, pods number.m-2, pod yield, and seed yield) were exhibited by genotype IF1344. Maximum values of (plant height, average of pod length and 100 seeds weight) acquired by genotype IF1332, on the other hand genotype IF1953 gave the highest values of (no. of branches. plant-1, pods weight.plant-1 and seeds number.plant-1), but concerning the both traits (pods number.plant-1 and seeds weight.plant-1), maximum values were recorded by genotype IF1346. These results indicate the presence of variability between genotypes used in this study.
 

Determination of Some Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Yield of Some Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes in Isparta Conditions

Araştırma, bazı mürdümük genotiplerinin tohum verim ve bazı agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2020-2021 yıllarında Isparta ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 120 adet mürdümük genotipi ve 4 adet çeşit (Corea, İptaş, Gürbüz ve Karadağ) bitki materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme, agümented deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitki boyu, bitkide bakla sayısı, bakla boyu, bakla eni, baklada tane sayısı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, biyolojik verim ve tohum verimi belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen tüm parametreler bakımından genotipler arasında istatistiki anlamda önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; genotiplerin bitki boyu 14.48-76.80 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 2.81-62.00 adet, bakla boyu 2.10-4.10 cm, bakla eni 0.71-1.40 cm, baklada tane sayısı 1.23-4.32 adet, 1000 tane ağırlığı 41.69-238.00 g, biyolojik verim 3.06-82.40 g/bitki, tohum verimi ise 0.34-33.00 g/bitki arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Isparta ili iklim ve toprak koşullarında “GP40, GP18, GP161, GP145” nolu mürdümük genotiplerinin diğer genotiplere göre daha üstün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu genotiplerin ıslah materyali olarak diğer çalışmalarda da kullanılmasının uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Growth and Biochemical Responses of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes Under Salt (NaCl) Stress Generated by Irrigation Water, and Changes in Soil pH and EC

Growth and Biochemical Responses of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes Under Salt (NaCl) Stress Generated by Irrigation Water, and Changes in Soil pH and EC

Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe Pisi) Management Studies in Grass pea (Lathyrus Sativus L)

Present investigations were undertaken to screen Grass pea germplasm for their resistance against powdery mildew in field condition & to test the efficacy of fungicides in vitro. The sixty Grass pea genotypes screened under natural field condition for the disease reaction against powdery mildew. The Experimental results revealed that elven genotypes including check RLK-279 were highly resistant, while twenty-four showed resistant reaction, sixteen were moderately resistant, and nine were moderately susceptible including susceptible check BioR-231 and none of the genotypes has shown susceptible and highly susceptible reaction (SR). The in-vitro studies revealed that, Tridemorph or Hexaconazole has inhibited the growth of E. pisi significantly. Thus, spraying of Tridemorph significantly managed powdery mildew disease caused by E. pisi in Grass pea with yield enhancement.

Nutritional evaluation of few grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes of Assam

The grass pea genotypes exhibited significant variability in their proximate composition with moisture content ranging from 8.46 to 10.39% (on fresh weight basis), crude protein: 26.24 - 29.70%, crude fat: 1.19 - 2.34%, total carbohydrate: 50.85 - 55.34%, crude fibre: 6.57 - 8.67% and ash content from 2.68 - 3.92% on dry weight basis. Grass pea contained sodium, potassium, zinc and manganese in the range of 18.76 - 44.14 mg/100g, 710 - 1060 mg/100g, 3.03 - 5.01 mg/100g and 1.10 - 1.81 mg/100g on dry weight basis, respectively. Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, phytic acid and BOAA/ODAP content of grass pea genotypes ranged from 5.58 - 8.39 mg/g, 0.27 to 2.15 mg GAE/g, 0.02 - 0.34 mg QE/g, 5.33 - 9.57 mg/g and 0.47 - 2.23 mg/g on dry weight basis, respectively. Of the eleven grass pea genotypes used in the study, Prateek, Ratan and Mahateora showed significantly low amount of BOAA/ODAP content. Local Khesari and Boga Khesari showed average contents of nutritional characteristics. However, they were having a very high antinutritional constituents.

Induced, identify and study the impact colchicine treated Lathyrus sativus L. (Var. Prateek)

India's third-most significant dual purpose cold season pulse crop, lathyrus, covers 0.58 million acres and produces 0.43 million tonnes annually. Increasing vegetative growth might be a practical method of increasing feed output. Inducing auto-polyploidy and comparing the polyploids to their diploid counterparts are the two main objectives of this investigation, to find out whether polyploidy has any advantages over its diploid counterparts. Three different colchicine concentrations were used to treat the seeds of the Prateek genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to induce polyploidy (0.02 percent, 0.04 percent and 0.05 percent). Their diploid counterparts were compared to see how polyploidy differ them. Observations of stomata, nucleus size, plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, and number of leaves are all morphological attributes that are more varied. There are considerable variations in flower and seed proportions. The amount of seeds and stomatal cells were significantly different in a negative way. Size of the nucleus (µm2), stomatal length and width(µm), blossom length (cm) and width (cm), days to first blooming, number of flowers per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed length (mm), seed width (mm) and ten seed weight were all found to have positive significant differences. Induction of polyploidy produced a taller, more branching plant with an increase in seed weight of 10 seeds. This strategy could be used in plant breeding initiatives to increase the yield of fodder.

In vitro salinity stress mediates grass pea genotypes' (Lathyrus sativus L.) responses

This study was carried out to determine the tolerance of grass pea genotypes to salinity stress at callus and seedling stages under in vitro conditions. The calli and seedlings of six selected tolerant genotypes based on the primary screening in the field were separately exposed to salinity treatments (0, 125 mM) in vitro. Salinity was imposed with NaCl during in vitro culture, and it significantly affected all seedling traits. Genotype of Iran had the lowest seedling dry weight and therefore was more sensitive to salinity stress. According to salinity tolerance indices for seedlings, genotype Greece-III was characterized as high-yield and relatively high?salt-tolerant genotype. Salinity significantly affected callus size, callus RWC, callus RGR, and callogenesis index. Calli fresh and dry weights were not affected by the treatments. For callus dry weight, genotype Greece-III had the highest mean; and the lowest mean belonged to Greece-I. The stress tolerance indices showed that the highest values belonged to genotype Greece-III, which showed high yield and yield stability and so reasonable salinity tolerance. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into two separate groups. The first cluster consisted of Iran, Greece-II, and Greece-III genotypes, and the second cluster consisted of Bangladesh, Canada, and Greece-I genotypes. Cluster analysis potentially separated the tolerant and sensitive genotypes to salinity in terms of callus dry weight. Grass pea callus and seedlings were able to survive at 125 mM salinity. Salinity did not affect callus dry and fresh weights, but its effect was remarkable on seedling dry and fresh weights (55% less than control). Therefore, calli were reasonably salinity tolerant. The present study suggests that grass pea was reasonably tolerant to salinity and can survive under salinity conditions during the seedling and callus stages.

The Effect of Alkali Stress on Seedling Development and Quality of Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

Bu çalışmada, mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus L.) bitkisinin fide gelişimi üzerinde alkali stresinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Bitki materyali olarak iki adet yerel populasyon (1603 ve 4403) ile İptaş ve GAP Mavisi çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada alkali çözeltisi olarak sodyum karbonat (Na2CO3)’ın 5 farklı konsantrasyonu (0, 25, 50, 100 ve 150 mM) uygulanmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çimlenme ve fide gelişim özellikleri saksı ortamında 25 °C sabit sıcaklık, 10 saat aydınlık-14 saat karanlık koşullarda ve % 70 nem içeren iklim odasında belirlenmiştir. Yetişme ortamı olarak bölgedeki tarım alanlarından alınan toprak kullanılmıştır. Denemede çimlenme hızı, çimlenme oranı, sürgün uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlıkları, ham protein ve ß-N-oxalyl-L- a, ßdiaminopropionic acid (ODAP) içeriği incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, alkali stresine karşı vermiş oldukları tepkiler bakımından genotipler arasında farklıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alkali dozları kıyaslandığında ise, genotipler 50 mM alkali dozuna kadar olumlu cevap vermiş, 100 mM alkali dozu ile birlikte tüm özelliklerin olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, çalışmada kullanılan tüm mürdümük genotipleri 50 mM alkali içeriğine sahip alanlarda yetişebileceğini göstermiştir.