Graphite Powder Research Articles

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF SS316 USING GRAPHITE POWDER DISPERSED IN BIODEGRADABLE PALM OIL DIELECTRIC

In today’s rapidly evolving manufacturing industry, researchers and engineers are constantly seeking innovative methods to improve machining processes. One such area of interest is the use of electrical discharge machining (EDM) for difficult-to-machine metals like SS316. This research compares the performance and economic aspects of traditional EDM and powder-mixed EDM when machining SS316 using copper electrode. Graphite powder dispersed in biodegradable palm oil is investigated as a dielectric media with the aim of enhancing EDM performance. According to the findings, the analysis of the cutting performance of different machinability aspects revealed that using graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a dielectric in EDM outperformed conventional EDM relating to material removal, surface finish, surface hardness, electrode wear rate and hole overcut. The flushing condition and unique properties of graphite powder and palm oil, such as cooling, and thermal conductivity, contributed to the improved performance observed in EDM processes. These findings highlight the potential of graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a promising alternative dielectric in EDM, offering enhanced machining capabilities and improved surface quality. The total machining expenditure per part under PMEDM (INR 505.50) is lowered by 9.2% than expenditure under conventional EDM (INR 525). The surface microhardness of the machined component attained using graphite powder-mixed EDM is enhanced in comparison to that achieved using standard EDM due to the creation of a carbon-rich re-solidified layer.

Optimization of Reduction Time for Chemically Synthesized rGO

Introduction: This article presents structural and morphological analysis for graphene oxide (GO) synthesized via Hummers' method and for reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) prepared by chemical reduction. Graphene Oxide is synthesized from graphite powder at room temperature. Hydrazine hydrate is used as a reducing agent to reduce the accumulated GO. Method: To understand the impact of reduction time on structural parameters of produced rGO, three different time limits, i.e. 4, 5, and 6 hrs at 800 °C are used. FTIR spectra show the presence of all functional groups to confirm the authenticity of rGO samples. The XRD peaks are utilized to calculate different structural parameters for all the samples to identify the effect of reduction time. A change in the band gap energy may be noticed from UV-Vis absorption spectra. Result: It indicates that with the increase in reduction time, the absorption edge shifts to a lower wavelength value. FESEM micrographs reveal a flake-like random growth of rGO with prominent wrinkled structures, which is a signature of graphene-like 2D material. Conclusion: Hence, from the structural and absorption studies, it can be concluded that an increase in reduction time will produce smaller rGO flakes in the Hummers synthesis method.

Characterization of curing status of commercial tire compounds with vein graphite powder and its particle sizes—Experimental and computational study

AbstractThe use of solid tires in demanding industrial applications, subjected to substantial mechanical loads, poses significant challenges due to heat generation from hysteresis and tread friction. Managing this heat is crucial to mitigate the risk of tire blowouts and layer separation. This research investigates the impact of introducing vein graphite powder, varying in particle size, into a commercially used solid tire compound, both experimentally and computationally. The research findings presented in this paper reveal substantial changes in thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, rate constant, induction time, and the order of reaction in solid tires. Contemporary industry trends involve predictive methods for monitoring the curing process in tire manufacturing. A tire curing simulation model based on finite (FE) element analysis is developed. FE modeling is favored due to its accuracy and adaptability, especially when dealing with the intricate geometry and multi‐layered, multi‐compound structure of tires. The complex interplay between heat transfer and curing processes is effectively addressed using user subroutines (UMATHT) in commercial FE software like ABAQUS. In this analysis, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, order of reaction, rate constant, and induction time of the commercial tire compound are considered as temperature‐dependent variables. The computational model not only demonstrates its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and quality of tire manufacturing processes but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the curing behavior of graphite powder‐based solid tire compounds. Consequently, it provides a valuable tool for optimizing tire manufacturing procedures and ensuring the safe and reliable performance of solid tires under demanding operational conditions. This research bridges the gap between the traditional commercial tire compound and the use of vein graphite powder in tire manufacturing and advanced computational methods, facilitating improvements in tire quality and safety.

Achieving optimal balance: tuning electrical and optical characteristics of carbon electrodes for emerging photovoltaics.

Transparent and conductive electrodes (TCEs) are essential for various optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, but they often require expensive and complex fabrication methods. In this paper, a unique low-cost, eco-friendly, and scalable method of fabricating TCEs using spray-coated carbon ink is investigated. Firstly the carbon particles used for this process underwent a size reduction from 20 microns to 0.96 microns via ball milling. Then ink was prepared by mixing graphite powder (for conductivity), ethyl cellulose (for viscosity), and toluene (for solubility) with different weight-per-volume ratios (w/v) of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The TCEs were fabricated by spray coating the ink onto glass substrates using an airbrush. The sheet resistance (Ω sq-1) and transparency (%) of the TCEs were measured by a digital multimeter (DMM) probe method and a UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The sheet resistance of the TCEs decreased linearly from 60 to 20 Ω sq-1, while the transparency decreased exponentially from 37.18% to 18.88% as the ink concentration increased from 5% to 15% w/v. This paper also reports the reflectance and absorbance values for each ink concentration. The results demonstrate that spray-coated carbon ink TCEs achieve sheet resistance and transparency values of 20 Ω sq-1 and 18.88%, respectively, with low-cost and eco-friendly materials and methods, which are desirable for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. These TCEs can play an important role as electrodes in semi-transparent perovskite cells enhancing their stability and overall efficiency.

Investigation of biomimetic HAp formation on graphite

According to reports, coating implants with hydroxyapatite (HAp) promotes bone repair and combines the biological effectiveness of the material with the mechanical properties of standard metallic implants. In this contribution, bioactive nanographite particles were synthesized using a novel technique to stimulate HAp deposition using a biomimetic method. The rapid breakdown ionization (RBA) technique was used to synthesize graphite nanoparticles. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was utilized to deposit the nanoparticle on titanium substrates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the creation of nanoparticles with a size of around 65nm. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) test confirmed the polycrystalline structure of graphite with a dominant peak (002). UV-VIS absorption and FTIR spectra confirmed the production of graphite powder. To test the bioactivity of the graphite layer, it was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 30 days. The formation of a HAp layer on graphite is depicted by an XRD pattern, and SEM images illustrate nanoclusters of this layer.

Two {CuI[P4Mo6]2}-Based Coordination Polymers Incorporating In Situ Converted Tetrapyridyl Ligands for Trace Analysis of Nitrofuran Antibiotics.

Nitrofurans are important synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs with the basic structure of 5-nitrofuran. Due to their toxicity, it is essential to develop a sensitive sensor with strong anti-interference capabilities for their detection. In this work, two {P4Mo6O31}12--based compounds, [H4(HPTTP)]2{CuI[Mo12O24(OH)6(PO4)3(HPO4)(H2PO4)4]}·xH2O (x = 13 for (1), 7 for (2); HPTTP = 4,4',4″,4‴-(1H-pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetrayl)tetrapyridine), exhibiting similar coordination but distinct stacking modes. Both compounds were synthesized and used for the electrochemical detection of nitrofuran antibiotics. The tetrapyridine-based ligand was generated in situ during assembly, and its potential mechanism was discussed. Composite electrode materials, formed by mixing graphite powder with compounds 1-2 and physically grinding them, proved to be highly effective in the electrochemical trace detection of furazolidone (FZD) and furaltadone hydrochloride (FTD·HCl) under optimal conditions. Besides, the possible electrochemical detection mechanisms of two nitro-antibiotics were studied.

In Situ Generation of TiCN Ni‐Based Coatings by Laser Cladding and Study of Their Structure and Properties

The influence of the ratio of TiN powder, graphite powder, and Ni60 powder on the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and wear properties of the TiCN Ni‐based coating on H13 steel is investigated. The findings indicate that varying proportions of TiN powder, C powder, and Ni60 powder have a minimal impact on the coating's phase composition. The diffraction peak intensity of TiC0.3N0.7 increases with the addition of (C + TiN) in the blended powder, while the crystallinity of TiC0.3N0.7 in the Ni‐based coating with a 30% (C + TiN) mass fraction decreases. The grain structure of the 20% Ni‐based coating is fine and uniform, while the microstructure of the 30% Ni‐based coating is characterized by a large polymerization phase‐containing Ti elements, with the TiCN‐reinforced phase exhibiting irregular grain morphology. The microhardness HV0.5 of the coating with a 20% (C + TiN) mass fraction ranges from 725 to 772, with an average hardness of 747.8 HV0.5, which is 3.4 times the hardness of the substrate material and 1.3 times the hardness of the Ni‐based coating. As the mass fraction of (C + TiN) in the hybrid powder increases, the friction loss mass of the coating tends to decrease and then increase. The average wear of the Ni‐based coating with a 20% (C + TiN) mass fraction is ≈22.4% of that of the substrate and 50% of that of the Ni‐based coating, demonstrating excellent wear resistance. The wear mechanism is primarily characterized by brittle spalling and abrasive wear.

The Enhancement of Die Sink EDM Machining Efficiency Incorporating Micro-Flakes of Graphite Powder

The Enhancement of Die Sink EDM Machining Efficiency Incorporating Micro-Flakes of Graphite Powder

Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of thermally reduced graphene oxide treated with a pulsed high-frequency discharge in hydrogen atmosphere

Thermal stability and the kinetics of thermal decomposition of the thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) treated by a pulsed high-frequency discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere have been studied. The modified Hummers method was used for obtaining the initial graphite oxide from graphite powder. Thermal exfoliation of the graphene oxide powder has been done in vacuum conditions with a heating rate of 5–7 degrees per minute to a temperature of 300 °С. TRGO has been treated by pulsed high-frequency discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere for partial graphene hydrogenation (chemical addition of atomic hydrogen) that leads to structural changes in the carbon planes and formation of C–H sp3 bonds. The thermogravimetry analysis measurements of the mass loss have been carried from room temperature to 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere with a nitrogen flow rate of 20 mL/min and different heating rates: 50, 75 100, 125, 150, and 200 K/min, respectively. Kissinger’s multiple heating rate method has been used to determine the activation energy for decomposing substances. Activation energies Ea1, Ea2, and Ea3 equal 28, 50, and 148 kJ/mol, respectively, have been compared with the energies of the activation of thermal defunctionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The activation energy Ea3 = 148 kJ/mol is close to that of the thermal decomposition of anhydride functional groups in MWCNT. The value of Ea2 = 50 kJ/mol indicates the presence of the keto and hydroxy acid’s function groups on TRGO. Activation energy Ea1 = 28 kJ/mol related with all other groups including the lighter C–H bonds that destructed due to dehydrogenation of the TRGO. Obtained experimental results are useful for further proposing the kinetic model of the mechanism of the most probable reaction of TRGO decomposition.

The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the performance improvement of nickel-based composite coatings for rail repair

With the increase in train speed and axle weight, the quality and service life of the rail (U71Mn steel) are more demanding. Aiming at the excellent properties of nickel/nickel-based alloys and ceramic materials, this paper prepares TiC/Ni45 composite coatings for rail repair by in-situ synthesis of ceramic phases using laser cladding technology. The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the physical phase, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance were investigated and discussed in detail. The results show that the reaction of in-situ synthesized TiC can proceed positively, and the microstructure of the cladding layer mainly consists of the segregation of Cr, TiC particles, and substrate phase. With the increase of nickel-coated graphite and titanium powder, the average microhardness value of the cladding layer increased, and the average friction coefficient and wear volume decreased. When the mass fraction of (Ti + C) reaches 15 wt%, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer reaches the minimum value. When the mass fraction reaches 20 wt%, the average microhardness of the cladding layer reaches 2.65 times that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism is transformed from mainly adhesive wear to abrasive, oxidative, and fatigue wear.

Carburization Ability of Novel Solid Carburizing Method Using a Mixture of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

Carburization Ability of Novel Solid Carburizing Method Using a Mixture of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

Effect of graphite powder in kerosene as a working fluid for improving micro ED-drilling

Effect of graphite powder in kerosene as a working fluid for improving micro ED-drilling

Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide, tin oxide, and reduced graphene oxide-tin oxide nanocomposites

The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO), tin oxide nanostructures, and reduced GO (rGO)-tin oxide nanocomposites. The modified Hummer's method was used for the synthesis of GO. Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using SnCl2 as tin source. The rGO-tin oxide nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method using GO and SnCl2 as tin source. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized using powder XRD, FESEM, EDX spectroscopy, TEM, SAED, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. The XRD pattern of the graphite powder shows intense (002) plane peak at 2θ = 26.78° along with the other graphitic XRD peaks. In addition, XRD peaks at 2θ ∼ 14°, 16.8°, 21.18°, and 24.18° were also observed. The characteristic GO (001) plane peak in the XRD pattern could be not be observed in the oxidative exfoliation GO. The Raman spectrum of the graphite powder shows intense crystalline G band, low-intensity defect related D, multi-layered graphitic flake related 2D-band with intensity ratio ID/IG=0.08 and I2D/IG=0.46. The oxidative exfoliated GO shows the degradation of the graphite XRD peaks, but the characteristic GO (001) plane XRD peak could not be observed. The TEM image shows the formation of GO sheets on the oxidative exfoliation of graphite. The d-spacing obtained from the observed hexagonal SAED pattern of the oxidative exfoliated GO was found to be much lower than graphite d-spacing. Raman, UV–visible, FTIR, and TGA studies indicate the formation of GO under oxidative exfoliation of graphite under Hummer’s method. The band gap values of around 1.70 eV from the UV–visible optical absorption also indicates the formation of graphene in the oxidative exfoliated GO. The observed results indicate the formation of graphene embedded amorphous GO.

Characterization and application of synthesized calcium alginate-graphene oxide for the removal of Cr3+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from tannery effluents

Environmental sustainability has gained acceptance to achieving the goal of a secure ecosystem with a reliable management system. Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to the intractability and persistence in the environment. Adsorption is a potential alternative to the existing inefficient conventional technologies for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions and becomes vital to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts. Calcium Alginate-Graphene oxide (CA-GO) composite has been synthesized for the adsorption of heavy metals including Cr3+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions from tannery effluents. Graphene oxide is prepared from commercial graphite powder and reacted with sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form the beads of CA-GO composite. The developed composite was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, SEM, XRD analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption capacity were investigated through batch experiments. At a pH>3.0 (pHzpc), the carboxyl group of CA-GO was deprotonated to make the surface negatively charged and facilitate metal adsorption. The optimum pH and maximum adsorption capacity of CA-GO for removal of Cr(III), Cu(II), and Cd(II) were 4.5, 6.0, and 7.0, and 90.58, 108.57, and 134.77mgg-1, respectively. The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics were studied to determine the adsorption mechanism. The kinetic of adsorption adopted the second-order model. Thermodynamic parameter were calculated and the adsorption process was determined to be exothermic and spontaneous at room temperature. The developed composite has been efficaciously applied for the removal of metal ions and pollution from real tannery effluents.

Preparation of a graphite / SiC composite casting material and study of its performance

The inferior mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of carbon graphite materials are attributed to the presence of pores and cracks. The integration of graphite with ceramics has been proposed as a method to enhance these properties; however, graphite/ceramic composites fabricated through pressureless sintering often exhibit inadequate integration. In this paper, a diffuse-continuous network dual-reinforced graphite/silicon carbide(SiC) ceramic composite was prepared by integrating the graphite powder micro-thermal press forming technology with the fused deposition modelling(FDM) technology and combining the pressureless sintering and vacuum pressure impregnation processes. It was found that the addition of high purity silicon powder to the material formulation reacts with the resin carbon to form silicon carbide particles (SiC-p), which can play a role in diffusion enhancement. However, the addition of excessive silicon powder can have a detrimental effect, and the performance of diffusion enhanced graphite/silicon carbide composites is positively correlated with the density of billet formation, and the effect of diffusion continuous network dual enhancement is more obvious, and the performance of the composites is better compared to that of single diffusion enhancement. The compressive and flexural strengths of the graphite/SiC composites finally obtained reached 59.47 MPa and 44.25 MPa, respectively, and the thermal conductivity was 43.62 W/m·K, and the porosity and open porosity were 29.62 % and 20.48 %, respectively, which are comparable to those of manmade graphite castings, and have better gas permeability, which is expected to be applied in the casting field.

Removal of Commercial Textile Dye DRMD from Wastewater Using Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Graphene Oxide Adsorbent

Environmental toxins from textile effluents, including organic contaminants, heavy metals, and dyes, pose significant health risks such as renal illness, allergies, dermatitis, and cancer when released into the aquatic environment. While various dye removal methods exist, adsorption is highlighted as a potentially effective solution due to its low cost, simplicity, and ease of use. An adsorbent of two-dimensional mesoporous Graphene Oxide (GO) was produced using Hummer’s method from cost-effective graphite powder. This was then utilized to eliminate the Doracryl Red MD (DRMD) textile dye from the aqueous system. To characterize the synthesized material, XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses were performed. Zeta Potential and AFM analysis were used to determine surface charge and roughness, respectively. BET analysis was performed to obtain information regarding the surface area and porosity of the mesoporous GO. The highest adsorption capacity for the adsorption of the dye DRMD was found at 917.62 mg/gm. A variety of factors, including the influence of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, concentration of dye solution, and contact time, were thoroughly investigated. Adsorption data best fit the Langmuir model and demonstrated pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. After repeatedly washing used adsorbents with 2% HCl solution, 88.62% of its initial adsorption capacity was retained after the 4th cycle. Hence, the enhanced adsorption capacity and recyclability of Graphene Oxide (GO) render it a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewater polluted with organic dyes.

Fabrication of 3D-printed GNP/TiO2/epoxy composites: an investigation on mechanical and photocatalytic properties

PurposeThree-dimensional (3D) printing is popular for many applications including the production of photocatalysts. This paper aims to focus on developing of 3D-printed photocatalyst-nano composite lattice structure. Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing of photocatalyst composites was performed using photosensitive resin mixed with 0.5% Wt. of TiO2 powder and varying amounts (0.025% Wt. to 0.2% Wt.) of graphene nanoplatelet powder. The photocatalytic efficiency of DLP 3D-printed photocatalyst TiO2 composite was investigated, and the effects of nano graphite powder incorporation on the photocatalytic activity, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated.Design/methodology/approachMethods involve 3D computer-aided design modeling, printing parameters and comprehensive characterization techniques such as structural equation modeling, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and mechanical testing.FindingsResults highlight successful dispersion and characteristics of TiO2 and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) powders, intricate designs of 3D-printed lattice structures, and the influence of GNPs on thermal behavior and mechanical properties.Originality/valueThe study suggests applicability in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation, showcasing the adaptability of 3 D printing in designing effective photocatalysts. Future research should focus on practical applications and the long-term durability of these 3D-printed composites.Graphical abstract

Electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and H2O2 recognition on composite carbon paste electrodes with three new Ag(I) MOFs

Three new Ag(I) metal-organic frameworks (Ag-MOFs) containing bisbenzimidazole-derived ligand, namely, {[Ag2(L)(TP)](H2O)}n (1), {[Ag2(L)(HBTC))(H2O)](CH3CH2OH)(H2O)}n (2) and {[Ag4(L)2(IP)2](CH3CN)3(H2O)16}n (3) (L = bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-benzimidazol-2-yl methyl) ether, TP = Terephthalate, BTC = Benzenetricarboxylate, IP = Isophthalate), have been synthesized by volatilization method and systematic adjustment of solvent and aromatic polyacid co-ligand. Single crystal structural analysis showed that although three Ag-MOFs have a three-dimensional (3D) network backbone structure, their topological structures are different. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of carbon paste composite electrodes (Ag-MOF-1∼3@CPE) prepared by mixing graphite powder with Ag-MOFs were investigated in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The HER measurements show that the overpotential η10293K of Ag-MOF-1∼3@CPE are -634, -533 and -615 mV compared with sCPCE (blank electrode, -966 mV), and the Tafel slope of sCPCE and Ag-MOF-1∼3@CPE were 276, 251, 123 and 220 mV dec−1, respectively. The results prove that Ag-MOF-1∼3@CPE could effectively catalyze and accelerate the HER behavior, with electrocatalytic activity order being Ag-MOF-2@CPE > Ag-MOF-3@CPE > Ag-MOF-1@CPE > sCPE. The highest HER activity of Ag-MOF-2@CPE can be attributed to the fact that Ag-MOF-2 contains coordination water molecule, while the higher activity of Ag-MOF-3@CPE than Ag-MOF-1@CPE is due to steric hindrance. Furthermore, the recognition performance of Ag-MOF-1∼3@CPE for H2O2 was further studied by chronoamperometry in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 6). The three sensors can detect H2O2 in a linear range from 0.5 μM to 4 mM with sensitivities of 103, 34.5 and 138 μA·mM−1·cm−2, and also revealed long-term stability and good selectivity. Our study provides a new approach for designing efficient, non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts.

Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Chopped Strand Mat-E Glass Fiber Polyster Resin & Graphite Powder Composites

Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. In view of this the mechanical performance of the composite material is essential. The objective of the present work is to analyze the effect of graphite powders content on the mechanical behavior of woolen E-glass 350gm-Glass fiber reinforced. Five different types of composites are fabricated using 0%,2%,4%,6%,8%wt of graphite powders with woolen-E glass fiber and polyester resin. The polyester resin, catalyst and accelerator are mixed in 50:1:1weight ratio in polyester matrix graphite. The aim of the project is to investigate the effect of graphite powders with woolen e-glass 350gm for making the composite material stronger and tougher. The investigation is carried out by mixing different weight percentages of the graphite powders with the polyester resin and preparing individual samples. After woolen- eglass preparation, the materials were properly mixed using the hand-lay techniques and different specimens were prepared with different compositions of the graphite powders. After all the samples were prepared, mechanical tests were carried out on the samples to ascertain the changesobserved due to the composition of graphite powders. The obtained results of various samples specimens were compared and graphically charted to characterize the new composites material. Keywords: MattE-Glass 350gm; Polyester resin; Graphite powders; Hand- Lay technique ; Catalyst & Accelerator.

3D Fractal Model with Experimental Analysis for Assessing Surface Topography in EDM

Abstract This work presents a novel three-dimensional fractal model designed specifically for morphological analysis of specimens made by the EDM. Within the 3D fractal framework, an algorithm is developed to estimate fractal parameters such as fractal dimension and periodic length. AISI 316 stainless steel, dielectric media, electrode materials, and powder variations were used in experimental trials to validate the 3D fractal model. Fixed pulse time ratios were used to control the EDM process. The specimen having the lowest fractal dimension, the shortest periodic length, the least amount of surface roughness, and the least amount of ten-point height was discovered to be the one machined using kerosene oil dielectric, brass electrode, graphite powder, and 1.0 pulse ratio time. On the other hand, the specimen machined using copper electrode, graphite powder, transformer oil dielectric, and 1.5 pulse ratio time produced the largest periodic length, maximum surface roughness, fractal dimension, and ten-point height. The developed 3D fractal model evaluates the EDM process well and provides insightful information on how to improve surface properties.