Species Of Graphis Research Articles

Five further species of Graphis reported new to Europe from Portugal

AbstractFive Graphis species are reported as new to Europe from the Mata Nacional do Buçaco, a region in Portugal where graphidoid Graphidaceae are abundant and diverse. The following species were identified: Graphis dendrogramma, G. duplicata, G. gonimica, G. librata and G. pyrrhocheiloides. An updated key is given to the Graphis species known from Europe. All those newly reported were identified with names corresponding to tropical species.

New species in the genus Graphis with transversally septate ascospores (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Colombia

The lichenized genus Graphis sensu Staiger (Graphidaceae) is listed with 67 species in the most recent version of the Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. Revision of recent publications and approximately 700 collections housed in the Cryptogams Section of the Herbario Forestal “Gilberto Emilio Mahecha Vega” of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in Bogotá revealed 70 additions to the Colombian lichen biota in this genus and the recently segregated genus Allographa, including 13 species new to science, from the departments of Boyacá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Meta, Nariño, Santander, and Tolima. In this paper, six new species of Graphis with transversely septate ascospores are described, illustrated, and discussed. The new taxa are: Graphis amaliana, with lirellae becoming striate, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, large, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; differing from Allographa celata and A. verminosa in the verrucose thallus and erumpent lirellae with verruculose thallin margin, as well as in the broader ascospores; G. carmenelisana with labia becoming striate, completely carbonized excipulum, inspersed hymenium (type A), large, transversely septate ascospores, and stictic acid; differing from Graphis gloriosensis in the rugose-verruculose thallus and the radiately branched lirellae with apically thin complete thalline margin and labia becoming striate; G. kavintuca with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small to medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, and lacking substances; differing from A. elongata in the lirellae lacking a thalline margin and from A. nana in the larger ascospores and the longer, flexuose lirellae; G. rosalbinana with lirellae becoming striate, completely carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; differing from G. schiffneri in the shape and disposition of the lirellae; G. santanderiana with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small, transversely septate ascospores, and lacking secondary substances; differing from G. imshaugii in the laterally carbonized excipulum and lack of secondary substances; G. solmariana with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, large, transversely septate ascospores, and stictic acid; differing from G. sitapurensis in the basal thalline margin and the broader ascospores. A remarkably high number of new species are from high altitude andine forest and paramo, habitats previously not believed to be rich in Graphis species.

The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand—eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country

We provide an updated account on the genera Graphis s.str. and Allographa (formerly included in Graphis) from Thailand. Four species of Allographa are described as new to science, viz. A. atrocelatoides, which differs from A. atrocelata in having marginata-morph lirellae and a smooth, off-white to beige thallus; A. kansriana, which differs from A. aquilonia in having negrosina-morph lirellae and brownish ascospores; A. schummii, which is characterized in having large, muriform ascospores and an open disc with a cinnabar-red pruina, reacting K+ lemon yellow; and A. sitianoides, which differs from A. sitiana in having immersed to erumpent lirellae and longer ascospores with more numerous septa. Twenty-seven further species are being recombined in the genus Allographa, viz A. acharii, A. aquilonia, A. atrocelata, A. elongata, A. hossei, A. leptospora, A. lumbricina, A. macella, A. marginata, A. norvestitoides, A. nuda, A. pavoniana, A. phaeospora, A. rhizicola, A. rimulosa, A. rufopallida, A. rustica, A. sauroidea, A. seminuda, A. semirigida, A. striatula, A. subdisserpens, A. subdussii, A. trichospora, A. verminosa, A. vestitoides, and A. xanthospora. Seven new Graphis species are described, viz. G. albocarpa, which differs from G. glaucescens in having a laterally to completely carbonized exciple, larger ascospores, and a norstictic acid chemistry; G. emersella, which differs from G. emersa in having hossei-morph lirellae and smaller ascospores with fewer septa; G. khaojoneana, which differs from G. bungartzii in having immersed, unbranched lirellae and smaller ascospores with fewer septa; G. omiana, which differs from G. luluensis in having larger ascospores with more numerous septa and a more complex chemistry relating to the stictic acid aggregate; G. schummiana, which differs from G. anfractuosa in having a laterally to completely carbonized exciple and in the reddish brown pruinose, K+ purple disc; G. sublitoralis, which differs from G. litoralis in having scripta-morph lirellae and in lacking protocetraric acid; and G. subschroederi, which differs from G. schroederi in having smaller ascospores and a laterally carbonized exciple. Four new lirellae morphs are defined, viz. filiformis-morph, balaghatensis-morph, leptogramma-morph and schummiana-morph. After several collecting trips to nineteen provinces of the country, further forty-seven new records of the two genera are added to the most recent checklist of Thai lichens. A key is given to all Allographa and Graphis species so far known for Thailand, as well as close-up photographs of the newly described or newly reported species. The following ten names are removed from the most recent Thai checklist: Graphis concolor ≡ Diorygma junghuhnii, G. fissurinoidea = Diorygma confluens, G. glaucocinerea = Graphis aphanes, G. glaucorufa = Allographa rufopallida, G. irosina = Acanthothecis dialeuca, G. longispora = G. koratensis, Graphis nuda (probably a misidentification), G. ochrocheila ≡ Dyplolabia ochrocheila, G. persimilis = Phaeographis hypoglauca, and G. subrigida = Platygramme platyloma. Graphis siamensis does not belong in this genus but is likely a species of Phlyctis. Graphis diplocheila has a clear hymenium and is a younger synonym of G. streblocarpa and G. dracaenae produces norstictic acid and must therefore kept apart from G. geraensis.

Formal Instatement of Allographa (Graphidaceae): How to Deal with a Hyperdiverse Genus Complex with Cryptic Differentiation and Paucity of Molecular Data

Lucking R. & Kalb K. 2018: Formal instatement of Allographa (Graphidaceae): how to deal with a hyperdiverse genus complex with cryptic differentiation and paucity of molecular data. – Herzogia 31: 535–561. Previous molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus Graphis sensu Staiger (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) represents two separate, only distantly related lineages. Graphis s.str. comprises the species of the G. scripta and G. subserpentina groups (‘Eugraphis’), as well as part of the G. striatula group. For the segregate genus, the name Allographa is available, and this genus includes the G. acharii, G. dussii, G. marginata, G. nuda, and G. symplecta groups, plus part of the G. striatula group. Allographa is closer to the core Graphidaceae (Diorygma, Glyphis, Pallidogramme, Phaeographis, Platygramme, Platythecium, Sarcographa, Thalloloma, Thecaria), whereas Graphis s.str. is sister to this entire clade and takes a more isolated position on a very long branch. A previously published study of 313 taxa, using morphology-based phylogenetic binning, supported the placement of 103 species of Graphis s.lat. in Allographa. This analysis is here emended to include 453 taxa currently placed in Graphis and Hemithecium, with the result that based on molecular and binning data, 182 species are to be placed in Allographa and 271 to be retained or placed in Graphis. Two species, namely Allographa lutea and A. hypostictica, had already been described in that genus, leaving 180 additional combinations, 28 of which are being proposed in a parallel paper; the remaining new combinations (plus one replacement name) in Allographa and Graphis are proposed here. Two names are validated, namely Allographa anguilliradians Lucking ex Lucking species nova and Allographa uruguayensis Lucking ex Lucking species nova. Two new synonyms are established: Graphis ferrugineodisca Seavey & J.Seavey [= Glyphis atrofusca (Mull.Arg.) Lucking, synonymum novum], and G. mikuraensis Y.Ohmura & M.Nakan. [= Graphis srilankensis Weerakoon, Wijey. & Lumbsch, synonymum novum].

A new record, Graphis anfractuosa, and an updated taxonomic key of Graphis from Vietnam

Graphis anfractuosa is described as new record from the low land parts of southern Vietnam. The species is characterized by lirellae having entire labia, lacking or with basal thalline margin, completely carbonized proper exciple, inspersed hymenium, transversely 6–9-septate, 20–27 × 5–8 μm ascospores, and absence of secondary compounds. In addition, a revised key for thirty five species of Graphis, so far known from the country is also provided.

New and interesting species in the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Vietnam

AbstractThe lowland area of southern Vietnam contains a high diversity of corticolous, crustose lichens, particularly in the family Graphidaceae. Two species, Acanthothecis verrucosa S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur and Graphis exuta S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur, are described new to science. Acanthothecis verrucosa is characterized by a verrucose, olive green thallus containing irregular to shortly lirellate apothecia, hyaline to brownish proper exciple apically lined by robust periphysoids, muriform ascospores, 30–70 × 15–20 μm, and the presence of psoromic and subpsoromic acids. Graphis exuta is characterized by a smooth, greenish white thallus, simple lirellae lacking thalline margin, entire labia coarsely white pruinose towards slit, muriform ascospores, 20–35×10–13 μm, and norstictic acid in the thallus. A new name, Acanthothecis yokdonensis S. Joshi & Hur, is proposed here for the species Acanthothecis salazinica S. Joshi & Hur, a later homonym of A. salazinica van den Boom & Sipman. In addition, 34 species from Vietnam are newly reported. A world key to the group of Graphis species characterized by short, simple and sessile lirellae lacking or with basal thalline margins (nuda-morph) is presented.

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">A new species of Graphis (Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycota) and a revised key of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil</div></div></div>

(A new species of Graphis [Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycota] and a revised key of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). In this paper we describe a new species of the lichen genus Graphis, namely G. suzanae Koch & Feuerstein. This species is characterized mainly by lirellae with entire labia, a partially exposed disc with orange pigment in the epithecium, a lateral thalline margin, a laterally carbonized excipulum, a clear hymenium, and transversely septate ascospores measuring 40–44 × 8–10 μm. The chemistry of the species was assessed through TLC analysis. A complete key with G. suzanae and 56 more species of Graphis that where previously recorded to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, is included.

Seven species of Graphis from Portugal reported new to Europe

AbstractSeven Graphis species are reported as new to Europe from the Serra de Sintra and the Planalto das Cezaredas, two regions of Portugal where graphidoid Graphidaceae are abundant and diverse. The following species were identified: Graphis cincta, G. crebra, G. handelii, G. leptospora, G. lineola, G. plumierae, and G. verminosa. Many of these share two characters: a densely inspersed hymenium and the presence of norstictic acid in the thallus. A key to the Graphis species known from Europe is provided. The possible reasons for the high, previously unknown, diversity of graphidoid Graphidaceae in this region are discussed. Global warming might be a contributory factor.

Recent literature on lichens—240

Recent literature on lichens—240

New records of Graphis from Cameroon, with a key to African species of Graphis

New records of Graphis species are reported from Cameroon, West Africa: G. ajarekarii, G. alboglaucescens, G. brahmanensis, G. daintreensis, G. exalbata, G. gloriosensis, G. gonimica, G. handelii, G. immersella, G. novopalmicola, G. pseudoaquilonia, and G. supracola. The material was collected in the tropical rain forests of Mount Cameroon. The diagnostic characters of the species are briefly discussed and illustrated. An artificial key is provided to facilitate identification of Graphis species known from the African Palaeotropics.

Graphis yunnanensis (Ostropales, Graphidaceae), a New Lichen Species from China

Graphis yunnanensis is described here as a new species. It is taxonomically well characterized by entire labia, slit-like disc, lateral thalline margin, completely carbonized proper exciple, inspersed hymenium, 8-spored asci, muriform 25~45 × 8~12 μm ascospores, and the presence of norstictic and stictic acids. The separation of the new species from other somewhat similar Graphis species is discussed. In addition, the study includes Graphis tenoriensis and Phlyctis karnatakana reported for the first time from China.

A New Species of Graphis and New Lichen Records from Vietnam, Including a Second Worldwide Report of Sarcographina cyclospora

Graphis upretii is a new lichen species discovered in Vietnam. The species is characterized by a loosely corticate, rough, whitish grey to greyish green thallus, elongate and irregularly branched lirellae with an apically thin complete thalline margin (negrosina morph), laterally carbonized, entire proper exciple, clear hymenium, hyaline, 16~20 transversely locular ascospores, and about 50~95 × 10~15 μm in size. In addition, members of the taxon produce norstictic and stictic acids. Currently, the lichen flora of Vietnam include Arthonia radiata, Brigantiaea tricolor, Coenogonium implexum, Dirina paradoxa, Herpothallon sipmanii, Pertusaria pertusa, and Sarcographina cyclospora.

Three new species ofGraphis(Ascomycota:Ostropales:Graphidaceae) from Mexico, with updates to taxonomic key entries for 41 species described between 2009 and 2013

AbstractThree species ofGraphis(Graphidaceae) are described from Mexico from two research stations of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM): Chamela Biological Station in the Cuixmala-Chamela Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, and Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biological Station in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz. The new speciesGraphis bungartziiBarcenas-Peña, Lücking, Herrera-Campos & R. Miranda is characterized by erumpent lirellae with a lateral thalline margin, striate labia and laterally carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and connorstictic acids.Graphis chamelensisBarcenas-Peña & Lücking has prominent lirellae with a basal to lateral thalline margin, entire labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid. Finally,Graphis rosae-emiliaeBarcenas-Peña & Lücking is characterized by erumpent lirellae with lateral thalline margin, striate labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and no substances detected by TLC. We present updates to the world key toGraphisfor 41 newly described or reinstated species since the world key was published in 2009. The following new combination is proposed:Pallidogramme parvicarpum(B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar) Lücking comb. nov., based onGraphis parvicarpaB. O. Sharma & Khadilkar.

The lichen genus Graphis from Vietnam

The status of Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae) in Vietnam is presented, based on literature and observation of recently collected specimens. Eleven new records of the genus are described for the country. All important diagnostic characters of species are documented and supported by distribution, ecology, and illustrations. A key to the seventeen Graphis species in Vietnam is also provided.

ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Compounds from Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Three Graphis Species.

AbstractThe new isocoumarin derivatives (I) and (II) are isolated from Graphis apriens and the new thiophene derivative (III) is isolated from Graphis handelii and from Graphis awaensis together with six known compounds.

The lichen genus Graphis (Graphidaceae) in Everglades National Park (Florida)

In this paper we reassess 482 collections of the lichen genus Graphis from Everglades National Park using the recent world key of Lücking and co-workers as the principal reference. We report a total of 31 species present in the Park. Of these, three species, Graphis brittoniae, G. elevata and G. hinnulea, are described as new to science. In addition, the following eleven species are newly reported from North America: Graphis analoga Nyl., G. cincta (Pers.) Aptroot, G. chlorotica A. Massal., G. crebra Vain., G. dendrogramma Nyl., G. filiformis Adaw. & Makhija, G. furcata Fée, G. modesta Zahlbr., G. neoelongata Zenker, G. renschiana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. and G. supracola A. W. Archer. Each species is described and discussed based upon Park collections. Notes concerning some species previously known from North America are also included where new or interesting information can be added to the literature. Conversely, species well documented elsewhere where we have nothing to add are excluded from that section. Graphis chlorotica, also new to North America but collected from outside the Park, is treated here since the key would be incomplete with its omission. Photos of all 32 species are provided including the degree of excipular carbonization. A key is provided for all species of Graphis known to occur in Florida.

Morphology‐based phylogenetic binning of the lichen genera Graphis and Allographa (Ascomycota: Graphidaceae) using molecular site weight calibration

AbstractDespite their potential shortcomings for phylogenetic inference, sometimes only morphological data are available for systematic classification. Computational methods are used to determine morphological site patterns congruent with the molecular tree in order to improve the accuracy of the classification of taxa for which only morphological data exist. Here, we used molecular site weight calibration as implemented in RAxML to weight morphological characters based on their distribution on a maximum likelihood tree inferred from molecular data. We subsequently conducted morphology‐based 'phylogenetic binning' (= assignment of morphologically defined taxa that lack molecular data to branches of the molecular reference tree) based on the morphology of the taxa included in the tree. We applied this methodology to the lichen genus Graphis s.l. (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae), which was recently shown to represent two separate, distantly related lineages, Graphis s.str. and Allographa. Of 313 species of Graphis and Allographa included in the study, 16 were represented by molecular sequence data and morphology, and 297 by morphology only. Using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony site weight calibration and morphology‐based phylogenetic binning, 281–290 of the 297 species represented by morphological data only could be assigned to either Graphis or Allographa with strong support (90%–100%). Two species, G. saxiseda and G. evirescens, were found to represent species of the unrelated genus Carbacanthographis. Our results showed that assignment of taxa to clades based on morphological data only substantially improved with molecular site weight calibration. Both molecular site weight calibration and branch assignment to the molecular reference tree are implemented in the RAxML v.7.2.6 Windows executable and the RAxML v.7.2.8 open‐source code.

Additional species of Graphis from Maharashtra, India

Our recent investigations of the lichen flora of Maharashtra have brought to light several new taxa in the family Graphidaceae. Nine species of Graphis with muriform ascospores are recognized of which two, G. maharashtrana and G. elevativerrucosa, are described as new to science. One new combination, G. panhalensis is proposed. Two species, G. galactoderma and G. parilis, are recorded from India for the first time, and G. platycarpa and G. subducta are reported for the first time from Maharashtra. Graphis sp. 1 is clearly distinguished from the other species, but is not formally described as new to science as the material is scanty. A revised key to all species of Graphis from Maharashtra is provided.

Aromatic Compounds from Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Three Graphis Species

Aromatic Compounds from Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Three Graphis Species

Notes on the genus Graphis (Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycetes) in the coastal plain of southeastern North America

Notes on some species of Graphis s. str. occurring in the coastal plain of southeastern North America are presented. The use of the name G. pavoniana in the region is discussed. The following species are newly reported from North America: G. hyphosa (Georgia, South Carolina), G. intermedians (Georgia, Florida), G. oxyclada (Florida) and G. pinicola (Georgia, Florida). Graphis intermedians is also newly reported for the Neotropics. Two species with anthraquinone pigments in the lirellae are described as new to science: G. hodgesiana and G. tamiamiensis.