Graphics Editing Systems Research Articles

CMAIR: content and mask-aware image retargeting

In recent years, more and more image retargeting techniques have been proposed to facilitate our daily life, in particular those based on the use of seam carving, warping or the combination of them. However, these techniques can only retarget the source picture into the same shape of a square, and these approaches cannot be reshape into a circular, a polygon or other shapes. This paper focuses on creating a graphics editing system, named CMAIR (Content and Mask-Aware Image Retargeting), for image retargeting, which can retarget the source images into different shapes of image to highlight the salient objects of primary region of interest. CMAIR effectively supports removal of unimportant pixels, and frames as many surrounding objects inside the provided mask as possible. Also, we propose a unique irregular interpolation method to produce four possible target images, and an evaluation mechanism to decide the best candidate image as the final output with the consideration of image saliency. The results show that not only the source image can be placed into different targeted shapes of mask, but also the salient objects are retained and highlighted as much as possible.

CoWebDraw: a real-time collaborative graphical editing system supporting multi-clients based on HTML5

Real-time collaborative graphical editing system allows a group of users simultaneously to view and edit the shared graphical documents from geographically dispersed sites connected by networks. The strategy of consistency maintenance is the key technique to ensure correctness in this editing system. This paper maps the two-dimensional drawing area into the linear structure in the real-time collaborative graphical editing system in the Web environment, and transforms the two-dimensional graphical operations to the linear operations. Based on the above, this paper improves the ABST algorithm to be suitable for this new environment. In order to verify the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm, this paper develops the real-time collaborative graphical editing system CoWebDraw based on Web, which adopts the HTML5 WebSocket protocol to achieve the real-time transformation of the information. In this system, geographically dispersed users can edit the shared graphical documents through web browsers. In the mobile internet era, the CoWebDraw system supports the concurrent editing of the same documents by multi-clients.

A New Multiple Versions Incremental Creation Algorithm

The multi-versioning technique based on object replication strategy can meet consistency model while the conflict operations occur in the cooperative graphics editing systems(CGES),but it does not efficiently solve conflict between non-geometry attribute operations and complex graphics objects. A new distributed multi-versioning model based on version replication is proposed for consistency maintenance of discordant conflicting operations according to the conflicting features and types of concurrent operations in CGES. To guarantee intention of conflicting operations, leaf-versions must be replicated from the original version based on the reduce strategy, and then applying conflicting operations to the corresponding object of the different replicated versions. The leaf-versions can be created by MOVIC algorithm in which the comparison-number of compatible operations is too much. A Fast Multiple Versions Incremental Creation (FMVIC) algorithm based on the compatible and conflict group is presented in this paper. The final versions constructed by the FMVIC algorithm is the same as that constructed by the MOVIC algorithm, but it can decrease the comparison-number of compatible operations and narrow the scope of comparison operations for the removing redundant versions.

Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems

The following abstracts are from recent issues and the forthcoming issue of ACM's Transactions of Computer Human Interaction (ToCHI). They are included here to alert interactions' readers to what research is being done in the field of Computer Human Interaction. The complete papers, when published, can be found in ACM's Digital Library at www.acm. org/pubs/contents/journals/tochi/2002-9/#1.

Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems

Real-time collaborative graphics editing systems allow a group of users to view and edit the same graphics document at the same time from geographically dispersed sites connected by communication networks. Consistency maintenance in the face of concurrent accesses to shared objects is one of the core issues in the design of these types of systems. In this article, we propose an object-level multiversioning approach to consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphic editors. This approach is novel in achieving intention preservation and convergence, in preserving the work concurrently produced by multiple users in the face of conflict, and in minimizing the number of object versions for conflict resolution. Major technical contributions of this work include a formal specification of a unique combined effect for an arbitrary group of conflict and compatible operations, a distributed algorithm for incremental creation of multiple object versions, a consistent object identification scheme for multiple object versions, and a convergent layering scheme for overlapping objects. All algorithms and schemes presented in this article have been implemented in an Internet-based GRACE (graphics collaborative editing) system.

Optional and responsive locking in collaborative graphics editing systems

Object-based collaborative graphics editing systems allow multiple users to edit the same graphics document at the same time from multiple sites. This paper examines the use of locking to prevent the generation of conflicting operations in this type of systems. Two types of locks are examined: object and region. A locking scheme which preserves the intentions of all operations is proposed. Furthermore, the problems of lock ownership caused by concurrent operations are resolved.

WFORM: A graphical speech-waveform editing and analysis system

A graphical waveform editor for use in speech research applications is described. The editor operates in 32 kwords of main memory on a DEC LSI-11/23 microcomputer under the RSX-11M operating system. The graphics subsystem is a Hewlett-Packard vector graphics controller and display unit. The editor is written in ANSI standard FORTRAN IV to promote portability. WFORM is capable of reading speech files and displaying the contents of these files in either visual or auditory format. In addition, the editor provides the capability to excise arbitrary portions of speech files, concatenate several speech files, and modify the contents of speech files by windowing. Speech analysis is also available in the form of the fast Fourier transform, and a number of windowing techniques are useful for Fourier analysis. The results of the Fourier transform can be displayed either in the form of power spectra or as a rough spectrograph.

A Facsimile-Based Graphics Editing System by Auxiliary Mark Recognition

This paper describes a facsimile-based graphics editing system using handwritten mark recognition, and presents some experimental results with the system. In a manner different from usual graphics editors based on CRT displays and data tablets, only facsimiles are used as input and output devices in this system. As the first stage in processing, a graphic subject is first given as a set of line drawings and characters handwritten on a sheet of paper, and it is then input into the computer as a binary picture from a facsimile transmitter. Auxiliary editing information is input into the computer as handwritten marks or seal marks prepared on a separate sheet of paper. As the second stage, the marks are recognized and used to create a mark parameter list for the graphics editing. Third, referencing the mark parameter list, the graphics are expressed by using a set of graphic commands, and edited by the computer. Finally, a correct edited copy of the graphics is constructed by picture processing based on graphic commands, and it is output to a facsimile receiver. Very good results have been obtained for various kinds of hand-written graphics by using the system described here.

Graphical editing and analysis system for network system (Geans)

Network analysis is powerful in building formal network models of various computational systems or social systems and obtaining their functions and performance exactly because of simplicity of binary relations in networks. Traditionally, it takes lots of effort in network analysis because network analysis was performed by the use of lots of numerical data in batch processing form. Effective network analysis activity, satisfying the system requirements based on consideration for such traditional manner with high cost, requires semiautomatic or computer aided man-machine facilities with interactive editing, analysis, and result viewing functions. We have developed Graphical Editing and Analysis system for Network System (Geans) on DEC PDP-11/34 minicomputer with a graphic display which enables us to edit or modify various network representations and analyze their qualitative and quantitative property, smoothly and interactively with the use of graphics and data abstraction. Geans is composed of a network editing system with effective use of a graphic display, a network data management system with systematic use of network data abstraction, a network analysis system with construction of shared library routines and specific object problem oriented routines, and a node/arc shape definition system. Geans has been applied to various network models such as a transportation analysis problem, PERT/CPM planning, Petri Net analysis and a guidance system for an urban railway network, and moreover it is being applied to other analysis areas as evolving itself.

Graphics for dynamic analysis/synthesis of vibration systems with arbitrary degrees-of-freedom (DAVIS)

Analysis or synthesis for a vibration system with multi degrees-of-freedom, which is composed of some pointmasses, springs, dashpots and so on, is also an object of the so-called circuit theory. Traditionally, in analysis or synthesis for such a system, tremendous efforts are required such as reformulation of the equations of motion and alteration of computer programs manually even when the system must be slightly modified. Moreover, even if a system with a few degrees-of-freedom is dealt with, it is not easy to understand rapidly the dynamic behavior of the whole system. One of the methods of increasing the efficiency of analysis and synthesis is to introduce computer aided man-machine interactive facilities. We have developed a graphical editing and Dynamic Analysis system for VIbration Systems with arbitrary degrees-of-freedom (DAVIS) on PDP-11/34 minicomputer. DAVIS enables us to edit or modify interactively various representations of systems with arbitrary degrees-of-freedom, to formulate automatically the governing equations, and to understand intuitively dynamic behaviors of the whole system based on dynamic result viewing functions of a graphic display. Especially DAVIS has been developed in consideration of a network property of the systems and also enables us simultaneous analysis for some topologically unconnected systems. DAVIS permits the user who has no knowledge about internal organization of network data to implement dynamic simulations of vibration systems with arbitrary degrees-of-freedom. DAVIS can be used not only for educational but also for practical purposes.