Graphical Appearance Research Articles

Menelusuri Gejolak dan Antusiasme Tren Pencarian Genre Musik di Indonesia dari 2018 sampai 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the search trends of music genres in Indonesia in the period of 2018-2023. In this study, four popular music genres in Indonesia were used as analysis samples, namely; Islamic music, jazz music, rock music, and dangdut music. Method: The method used is a qualitative type, which acts to describe the data narrative read from the google trends tool which also functions as a data analysis instrument. Result and Discussion: The results of this research found; that (1) The search trend for dangdut was very popular in the duration of 2018-2023 beating the three other music genres, even the search trend for dangdut music dominated in almost every province in Indonesia (2) The search trend for jazz music and rock music competed fiercely in the period 2018-2023, overtaking each other in that period. (3) In terms of graphical appearance, the trend of Islamic music does not seem to increase much compared to the search trends of the other three music genres throughout the last five years (2018-2023) (4) Central Java and Lampung provinces always appear in the top five provinces in the search trends of Islamic music, jazz music, rock music, and dangdut genres. Conclusion: The conclusion obtained in this study is that the search trend for certain music genres is strongly influenced by the culture or group of people who have an attachment to it. The more the music genre can enter many groups of society, the more fans there will be and of course this will increase the search trend for the music genre on social media, as discussed in this study.

Odontogenic Kerato Cysts: Clinical and Radiographic Presentations

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are developmental odontogenic cysts of epithelial origin. The initial terminology for an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) was “primordial cyst,” as the origin of the lesion was thought to be the tooth primordium. Objective: To determine the frequency of clinical features and radio graphical appearance of odontogenic keratocyst. Subjects and methods: This Cross Sectional Study was conducted in Akhtar saeed trust hospital Lahore from 2020 to March 2021. A total of 216 patients of both genders with odontogenic keratocysts were included. Patients with history of basal cell nervous syndrome, Orthokeratinized variant and treated cases were excluded. Clinical features and radio graphical appearance of odontogenic keratocyst was collected as per operational definition. Clinical features were noted under the supervision of a consultant with 3 years’ post fellowship experience. Data was collected and noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 40 years with mean age of 29.629±3.87 years, mean weight 72.675±12.99 kg, mean height 1.556±0.10 meters, mean BMI 30.087±5.03 Kg/m2, mean duration of complain 8.555±2.49 months and mean pain score was 5.291±1.85. Majority of the patients (61.1%) belongs to 20-30 years age groups. While males were 56.9% as compare to females 43.1%. Pain was seen in 52.8% patients, facial asymmetry 69.4% and root resorption was 9.3%. Conclusion: It is recommended to the general dental practitioners to have an overview of whole of the stomatognathic system, even if a patient comes for a single tooth problem.

Lexicographic Analysis of Homonymy in Modern General Dictionaries: The Case Study of Tatar Language

In the current study, it was tried to investigate the features of dictionary description of lexical homonymy using bilingual language reference books of general type, included in the digital corpus of Tatar dictionaries. The type of homonyms and their part-of-speech characteristics are analyzed (with quantitative data). Comparative analysis revealed the differences in dictionaries related to the interpretation of homonym notion, characterization of units with similar formatting, an indication of a part of speech, etc. The article presents the materials found in the course of the research, which testify to the mistakes and drawbacks in presentation and description of homonymy (omissions of units, lack of individual labelling of homonymic units or incorrect labelling, discrepancies between interpretation and formatting). Many of these drawbacks are primarily due to the heterogenic description of the units forming a single lexicographic class. The authors substantiate the relevance of a comprehensive approach to registering words with a similar form in dictionaries; under the broader diffusion of written communication, lexicography should treat homonyms as units with identical graphical appearance.

De notación hispánica a notación aquitana: escribir música en la Iberia medieval

Este artículo se centra en las peculiaridades de las principales muestras de notación musical hispana y aquitana conservadas en los manuscritos litúrgicos peninsulares de los siglos X a mediados del XVI, proponiendo reconsiderar el estado de la cuestión desde el campo de la paleografía musical peninsular. Específicamente, esta aproximación paleográfica se orienta alrededor de los dos cambios principales que marcaron la escritura de música en la Península en el período bajo consideración: la substitución de la notación hispánica tradicional por la notación aquitana a finales del siglo XI, y el cambio gráfico que muestra la notación aquitana por influencia de la escritura gótica. La forma en la que ambos cambios se desarrollaron fue considerablemente desigual; precipitada y rápida en el primer caso, lenta y gradual en el segundo. En esta visión de conjunto, se presentan como ejemplos ilustrativos de notación aquitana fuentes que habían pasado desapercibidas hasta hace poco y que están ahora disponibles para su consulta en la “Portuguese Early Music Database”.

Mass Media as a Destructive Information and Communication Space

The aim of the article is to represent major trends of language research in digital communication and establish regularities of sign usage in mass media. The author explores mass media as an environment for functioning of a specific value system that procures existence of social structures that engage mass media and influences transformation of dominant values of the society. The main way of these structur es’ destruction is deformation of meanings and language as a whole, which provides for influencing the consciousness of mass media users. Modern media text as a polycode formation is perceived simultaneously through several channels that ensures significant effect of its influence. Specifics of speech impact, as a unit of media text, expresses its pragmatic focus and determines formation of special cognitive structures. These structures, on one hand, help mass media to represent their value system, and, on the other hand, serve as specific guidelines providing a recipient with a certain mass media induced understanding of events in information environment. Such cognitive structures also spread to perception and interpretation of other fragments of reality. Destructive influence of mass media language also manifests itself in frequent usage of visual signs and way of their usage – reduplication of constant content while the form changes. Such signs allow expressing non-differentiated negative evaluation of events and facts along with argot language. Discreditation of traditional moral and ethical values happens with the help of such signs. Simultaneously such signs prepare mass media users for creation of new ideals and principles interiorization of which becomes easier thanks to active English borrowings. Change of graphical and phonetic appearance of a word happening due to mistakes or intentional deformation promotes indirect destruction of its stable sematic connections.

Height-Diameter Modeling ofCinnamomum tamalaGrown in Natural Forest in Mid-Hill of Nepal

Tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (D) are key variables to calculate tree volume and biomass. We developed a height-diameter (H-D) model forCinnamomum tamalaby evaluating 18 nonlinear models. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), mean bias, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), graphical appearance, and biological logic were the criteria used to evaluate the predictive performance of the models. Gompertz model (M14) performed the best for predicting the total height ofC. tamalatrees with the least RMSE (1.742 m), mean bias (0.012 m), and MAE (1.342 m) and satisfied model assumptions and biological logic. Validation data ranked the Gompertz model as the best model with RMSE (1.546 m), mean bias (-0.106 m), and MAE (1.149 m). Despite the consistent performance of the Gompertz model, it tended to underestimate the height prediction for taller (dominant crown class) and larger trees. Further work on refitting and validation of the proposed model with data from a larger geographic area, wider-ranging sites, and stand conditions is recommended.

3-D Topo Surface Visualization of Acid–Base Species Distributions: Corner Buttes, Corner Pits, Curving Ridge Crests, and Dilution Plains

Species TOPOS is a free software package for generating three-dimensional (3-D) topographic surfaces (“topos”) for acid–base equilibrium studies. This upgrade adds 3-D species distribution topos to earlier surfaces that showed pH and buffer capacity behavior during titration and dilution procedures. It constructs topos by plotting computed α values above a composition grid with volume of NaOH added as the x axis and overall system dilution as the y axis. The systematic shift from protonated to deprotonated forms is clearly visualized on a linear z axis. Because pH and buffer capacity surfaces accompany the species topos, it is easy to see their interrelationships. On the basis of their graphical appearance, features on species topos have been named corner buttes, corner pits, curving ridge crests, and dilution plains. Ramps connecting surface features are linear when tied to additions of NaOH and logarithmic when associated with the logarithmic dilution axis. The amphiprotic behavior of water is demonstra...

Altering User Movement Behaviour in Virtual Environments.

In immersive Virtual Reality systems, users tend to move in a Virtual Environment as they would in an analogous physical environment. In this work, we investigated how user behaviour is affected when the Virtual Environment differs from the physical space. We created two sets of four environments each, plus a virtual replica of the physical environment as a baseline. The first focused on aesthetic discrepancies, such as a water surface in place of solid ground. The second focused on mixing immaterial objects together with those paired to tangible objects. For example, barring an area with walls or obstacles. We designed a study where participants had to reach three waypoints laid out in such a way to prompt a decision on which path to follow based on the conflict between the mismatching visual stimuli and their awareness of the real layout of the room. We analysed their performances to determine whether their trajectories were altered significantly from the shortest route. Our results indicate that participants altered their trajectories in presence of surfaces representing higher walking difficulty (for example, water instead of grass). However, when the graphical appearance was found to be ambiguous, there was no significant trajectory alteration. The environments mixing immaterial with physical objects had the most impact on trajectories with a mean deviation from the shortest route of 60 cm against the 37 cm of environments with aesthetic alterations. The co-existance of paired and unpaired virtual objects was reported to support the idea that all objects participants saw were backed by physical props. From these results and our observations, we derive guidelines on how to alter user movement behaviour in Virtual Environments.

Validation of NOViSE.

The goal of this study was to establish face, content, and construct validity of NOViSE—the first force-feedback enabled virtual reality (VR) simulator for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Fourteen surgeons and surgical trainees performed 3 simulated hybrid transgastric cholecystectomies using a flexible endoscope on NOViSE. Four of them were classified as “NOTES experts” who had independently performed 10 or more simulated or human NOTES procedures. Seven participants were classified as “Novices” and 3 as “Gastroenterologists” with no or minimal NOTES experience. A standardized 5-point Likert-type scale questionnaire was administered to assess the face and content validity. NOViSE showed good overall face and content validity. In 14 out of 15 statements pertaining to face validity (graphical appearance, endoscope and tissue behavior, overall realism), ≥50% of responses were “agree” or “strongly agree.” In terms of content validity, 85.7% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that NOViSE is a useful training tool for NOTES and 71.4% that they would recommend it to others. Construct validity was established by comparing a number of performance metrics such as task completion times, path lengths, applied forces, and so on. NOViSE demonstrated early signs of construct validity. Experts were faster and used a shorter endoscopic path length than novices in all but one task. The results indicate that NOViSE authentically recreates a transgastric hybrid cholecystectomy and sets promising foundations for the further development of a VR training curriculum for NOTES without compromising patient safety or requiring expensive animal facilities.

Non-HDL cholesterol goal attainment and its relationship with triglyceride concentrations among diabetic subjects with cardiovascular disease: A nationwide survey of 2674 individuals in Hungary

AimsNon-HDL cholesterol represents the pro-atherogenic, apo-B-containing lipoprotein fraction of circulating lipids, and represents a secondary target for CVD prevention in people with diabetes. We therefore assessed the proportion of individuals with diabetes and CVD who attain a non-HDL-C goal of <2.6 mmol/L, the extent to which triglycerides influence this goal attainment, and their relationship with HDL-C and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Methods and resultsOf 2674 diabetic subjects with baseline CVD in the Hungarian MULTI-GAP programme (mean age 64.8 years, mean HbA1c 7.2%), an LDL-C goal <1.8 and non-HDL-C goal <2.6 mmol/L was attained in 13.5% and 17.7% individuals, respectively. Non-HDL-C goal attainment declined at higher triglyceride concentrations; and graphically this relationship appeared to be continuously and inversely associated with triglyceride concentrations. In contrast, the relationship between LDL-C goal attainment was inversely and continuously associated with triglyceride levels up to about 2.5 mmol/L, after which the graphical appearance plateaued such that no further difference in LDL-C were observed beyond triglyceride levels of 2.5 mmol/L. With increasing triglyceride concentrations, non-HDL-C increased continuously, HDL-C decreased initially but later plateaued (at 1.5-2.0 [men] or 2.0–2.5 mmol/L [women]), LDL-C levels plateaued at about 2.0–2.5 mmol/L, and TRL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C minus LDL-C) rose continuously. In multivariable-adjusted models, elevated triglyceride concentrations, non-specialist care and uncontrolled blood pressure were inversely associated with non-HDL-C goal attainment. Triglyceride levels were more strongly associated with non-HDL-C than with LDL-C goal attainment (ORs per 1-SD increase in log-triglycerides was 0.74, 95% CI 0.61–0.89, for LDL-C goal attainment, and 0.49, 95% CI 0.38–0.61, for non-HDL-C goal attainment). ConclusionNon-HDL-C goal attainment was suboptimal in people with diabetes and co-existing CVD. This was most marked at higher triglyceride levels, possibly due to higher levels of TRL.

Timing and characteristics of radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic body radiotherapy for peripherally located stage I lung cancer.

This study was conducted to determine the timing and characteristics of radiation pneumonitis (RP) associated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I lung cancer. Two hundred thirty-one patients treated with SBRT using 52 Gy in 4 fractions were identified. Control rate, RP incidence rate, and predictive factors and timing of RP were evaluated retrospectively. The 3-year overall survival and local control rates were 80.7 and 92.0 %, respectively. The grade ≥2 RP rate was 13.0 %; no grade 4-5 RP occurred. The most statistically significant predictive factor of grade ≥2 RP was V10. The median intervals to first graphical appearance were 4.2 and 2.5 months for grade 1 and grade 2-3 RP, respectively. Median intervals to maximum radiological density change were 6.0 and 4.6 months for grade 1 and grade 2-3 RP, respectively. A significantly different interval to first graphical appearance between grade 1 and grade 2-3 RP was observed; no significantly different interval to maximum radiological density change was noted. The first graphical appearance of grade ≥2 RP was earlier than that of grade 1 RP, although the timing of maximum radiological density change was not significantly different.

Biomass Modeling of Alnus nepalensis D. Don at Juvenile Stage

Juvenile stage plants contribute significant proportion of forest biomass and carbon depending on successional stage. Thus, the juvenile plants play a significant role in forest ecosystem and they cannot be neglected while estimating the total carbon stocks of the forest. Therefore this study was carried out develop juvenile biomass models. We measured diameter at 10 cm above ground level (D), total height (H) and total biomass (W) of Alnus nepalensis juveniles. We used least square regression technique to develop biomass models. The models were estimated using “library(minpack. lm)” in R. The estimated models were evaluated by using numerical fit statistics and graphical analyses. Among 136 different models tested, the model of the form: Wi= β0+β1(D2H) with explanatory variable D2H accounted for the largest proportion of biomass variations (R2adj = 0.97; RMSE = 42.34g; AIC=406.8.7) for individual Alnus nepalensis juveniles, and showed relatively better graphical appearance and biological logic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10812 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.2(1) 2014: 47-60

Modelling height-diameter relationship for Pinus wallichiana trees for Lete and Kunjo of Mustang district

Quantifi cation of height-diameter relationship helps in better understanding of stand dynamics. Height-diameter models can be used as necessary inputs to growth and yield models and growth simulation systems. The researchers developed height-diameter models with 364 Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) tree data from Lete and Kunjo Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Mustang district. Eighteen non-linear models were calibrated, among which, Weibull model described the largest proportion of height variation (R2 adj = 0. 9362). Gunary and Chapman-Richards’ models also appeared almost identical to Weibull model in terms of fi t statistics and graphical appearance. The researchers recommend Weibull model for predicting total heights of Blue pine trees for the VDCs covered by the study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9125Banko Janakari Vol. 21, NO. 2, 2011 Page: 13-23 Uploaded date: 10 November, 2013

Allometric biomass models for bark of Cinnamomum tamala in mid-hill of Nepal

Allometric bark biomass models for Cinnamomum tamala (one of the important commercial non-timber forest product tree species) have been developed using bark biomass and tree dimension data with thirty destructively sampled trees from the natural population in the mid-hill of Nepal. Diameter at breast height (D) alone and both D and total height (H) as independent variables and bark biomass (W) as dependent variable were used for modelling. The models were evaluated on the basis of numerical fit statistics, graphical appearance and biological logic. Among eighteen different models tested, the model of the form: W = DH/(b1 + b2DH) accounted for the largest proportion of bark biomass variations (Radj2 = 0.92; RMSE = 3.67 kg) for individual C. tamala tree, and showed relatively better graphical appearance and biological logic. Reliability of the model would be higher when it is applied to various sizes of C. tamala trees growing in the site and stand conditions similar to the basis of this study. Further work on re-calibration and validation of proposed model with data from a larger geographic area, wider range of tree sizes, site and stand conditions is recommended.

Avatar interoperability and control in virtual Worlds

Virtual worlds (VWs), and especially the ones using 3D graphics content, have been massively developed and deployed over the last few years. Technological developments, both in hardware and software, bring up significant improvements in the areas of display, graphics, animation, distributed systems, network and mobile phones technology. These improvements allow almost every user on Web 2.0 to have a representation in different VWs. In those VWs, avatars have a specific place, representing a graphical appearance of human beings and a container for the users’ specific data. Therefore, the need to reuse them across different VWs and across different platforms increases significantly.In this paper we are presenting a framework that allows interoperability of avatars between VWs. The proposed method consists of considering the avatar as a combination of a template and a set of characteristics that personalizes the template. The former, which is specific to each VW, can remain proprietary; the latter will be exchanged between the VWs. Therefore, the proposed solution is equilibrating the interests of end-users and VWs providers, allowing to not recreate an avatar for each VW and ensuring that user-defined avatars are consistent with the VW, technically- and businesswise.

Design Criteria for Educational Tools to Overcome Mathematics Learning Difficulties

ICT educational tools can play an essential role in the cognitive development and inclusion of disabled people. In this paper, starting from the mathematics learning difficulties of motor-impaired people with cerebral palsy, we argue that in this field specific educational tools are propaedeutic to a more informal learning approach based on serious games. Then, we describe some design criteria (concerning the learning strategies, the graphical appearance of the entities involved, and the customization of the activities) and some educational tools we have developed accordingly.

Point Pattern Synthesis

title/>Patterns consisting of point symbols are commonly applied to symbolize land cover. Tree symbols, for example, indicate forested areas; small irregular dots show quarries and pits; or regular line symbols represent a vineyard. This paper presents an automatic method for synthesizing patterns consisting of one or more point symbols. Symbols of varying sizes or graphical appearance can be combined according to user-defined ratios. The automatic method generates patterns of regularly or irregularly distributed symbols. It ensures that symbols do not overlap and do not graphically conflict with other map features. The method has been implemented in a free plug-in for the Adobe Illustrator vector graphics editor.

Early Graphical Appearance of Radiation Pneumonitis Correlates With the Severity of Radiation Pneumonitis After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in Patients With Lung Tumors

To investigate factors associated with Grade >or=3 radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients with lung tumors treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We retrospectively analyzed 128 patients with 133 lung tumors treated with SBRT. RP was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Univariate analyses were used to identify predictive factors for RP. The median follow-up period after SBRT was 12 months (range, 5-45 months). Incidences of Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 RP were 27%, 52%, 16%, and 5%, respectively. No patients suffered Grade 4 or 5 RP. For all patients with Grade 2 or 3, symptoms occurred either simultaneously with or subsequent to graphical appearances. The latent period was the only significant factor associated with Grade >or=3 RP (p < 0.01). A latent period of 1 or 2 months indicated a 40% (6/15) risk for Grade 3. However, the risk for Grade 3 was 1.2% (1/82) 3 months after SBRT. No pretreatment clinical or dosimetric factors were significantly associated with Grade >or=3 RP. However, 4 of 7 patients with Grade 3 RP had severe pulmonary comorbidities. Only the latency period was a significant factor in the development of RP. No pretreatment clinical or dosimetric factors were significantly associated with Grade >or=3 RP. Patients, especially those with severe pulmonary comorbidities, should be carefully observed for the graphical appearance of RP within a few months during the follow-up period after SBRT.

Abstract 3985: New quantification tools for perfusion and VEGFR2 Expression in tumors

Abstract Microbubble contrast agents are used to enhance the visualization of the microcirculation in human and mouse tumors. Specifically, contrast agents allow for the relative quantification of tissue perfusion and vascular volume. The in vivo expression of endothelial cell surface markers can also be studied using targeted microbubbles. In this study a nonlinear contrast agent imaging technique, employing amplitude modulation on a linear array-based micro-ultrasound system was used to visualize and quantify time to peak enhancement (TP) and vascular volume (VV) in subcutaneous tumors, as well as to assess expression levels of VEGFR2. A Vevo 2100 high resolution ultrasound imaging system (VisualSonics Inc, Toronto, Canada) was used and all images were acquired with the MS-250 (center operating frequency of 20MHz, axial resolution 75um) probe. Tumor flow was assessed using MicroMarker contrast agents. A bolus delivery was employed to generate time-intensity curves of contrast wash-in; prototype analytical software was used to perform curve fit analysis and to generate parametric images visually depicting VV and TP as an overlay on the anatomical images. Additionally, Target-Ready MicroMarker contrast agents were conjugated to VEGFR2 antibodies to assess the expression level of this endothelial cell surface receptor. Again, prototype analytical software was used to quantify the relative expression of this target and to generate parametric images of its expression pattern within the tumor. All images were acquired from athymic nude mice implanted with hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B-Luc-C4) subdermally in the hind limb 4 to 5 weeks before imaging. Results showed heterogeneity in TP and VV in all tumors. TP ranged from 3.5 seconds in well perfused regions to 12 seconds in poorly perfused tumor regions. The graphical appearance of the associated parametric images readily revealed these differences. Assessment of VEGFR2 expression completed in 2D and 3D showed 2-3 times enhancement in VEGFR2 binding over that observed with the isotype control antibody. These results are consistent with previous methods using linear contrast processing. Overall this study shows the utility of nonlinear processing of contrast signals in assessment of various flow related parameters of the tumor microcirculation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3985.

A Diagrammatic Logic for Object-Oriented Visual Modeling

Formal generalized sketches is a graph-based specification format that borrows its main ideas from categorical and ordinary first-order logic, and adapts them to software engineering needs. In the engineering jargon, it is a modeling language design pattern that combines mathematical rigor and appealing graphical appearance. The paper presents a careful motivation and justification of the applicability of generalized sketches for formalizing practical modeling notations. We extend the sketch formalism by dependencies between predicate symbols and develop new semantic notions based on the Instances-as-typed-structures idea. We show that this new framework fits in the general patterns of the institution theory and is well amenable to algebraic manipulations.