Graphical Analysis Techniques Research Articles

Investigation of heat absorption or release in an ideal gases system

Abstract In this paper, the heat transfer mechanisms (absorption or release of heat) in an ideal gas system are investigated. The thermodynamic process is described using a pressure-volume diagram, and the relationship between pressure and volume is expressed as a quadratic equation with one variable. The methods employed include graphical analysis and computational techniques. The graphical method involves incorporating adiabatic lines as auxiliary references, while the computational method utilizes both the ideal gas law and the first law of thermodynamics for evaluation. 

Remote sensing-based estimation of precipitation data (2000-2015) in Ecuador's Loja province

The primary climatic parameter frequently scrutinized in water balance assessments for water utilization is precipitation. Given its considerable variability across locations and over time, it is imperative to rely on high-quality statistical information to facilitate accurate analyses. This study aims to refine the estimation of precipitation data by enhancing information obtained from freely accessible satellite sensors with data collected from established observation stations. Monthly precipitation data spanning from 2000 to 2015 were gathered from 24 stations. Three distinct methodologies were employed to adjust individual station data to address missing data. Consistency analysis and data refinement were conducted for stations requiring adjustments, utilizing graphical analysis and non-parametric statistical techniques. The satellite products under evaluation correspond to the IMERG v6 algorithm. Subsequently, statistical metrics were used to compare observed and estimated data. A correction coefficient was computed by aligning monthly means between observed and calculated data to mitigate random and systemic errors. The IMERG algorithm demonstrates proficiency in accounting for altitude and seasonal variations, with the adjustment significantly enhancing its performance under these conditions.

Comparison of tracer kinetic models for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET in intermediate-risk primary prostate cancer patients

Background68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography enables the detection of primary, recurrent, and metastatic prostate cancer. Regional radiopharmaceutical uptake is generally evaluated in static images and quantified as standard uptake values (SUVs) for clinical decision-making. However, analysis of dynamic images characterizing both tracer uptake and pharmacokinetics may offer added insights into the underlying tissue pathophysiology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of various kinetic models for 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET analysis. Twenty-three lesions in 18 patients were included in a retrospective kinetic evaluation of 55-min dynamic 68Ga-PSMA-11 pre-prostatectomy PET scans from patients with biopsy-demonstrated intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer. Three kinetic models—a reversible one-tissue compartment model, an irreversible two-tissue compartment model, and a reversible two-tissue compartment model, were evaluated for their goodness of fit to lesion and normal reference prostate time-activity curves. Kinetic parameters obtained through graphical analysis and tracer kinetic modeling techniques were compared for reference prostate tissue and lesion regions of interest.ResultsSupported by goodness of fit and information loss criteria, the irreversible two-tissue compartment model optimally fit the time-activity curves. Lesions exhibited significant differences in kinetic rate constants (K1, k2, k3, Ki) and semiquantitative measures (SUV and %ID/kg) when compared with reference prostatic tissue. The two-tissue irreversible tracer kinetic model was consistently appropriate across prostatic zones.ConclusionsAn irreversible tracer kinetic model is appropriate for dynamic analysis of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET images. Kinetic parameters estimated by Patlak graphical analysis or full compartmental analysis can distinguish tumor from normal prostate tissue.

Results of the expert survey assessing the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of medicines turnover

The aim. The aim of the research is to analyze the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of medicines circulation using self-diagnostic tools, which will allow identifying reserves for its optimization and further improvement. 
 Materials and methods. The research materials consisted of the results of a survey conducted among government officials of national regulatory authorities in the field of medicines circulation. The research utilized methods of sociological survey, descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, data grouping, and generalization techniques. The research includes the development of a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's "Global Benchmarking Tool" methodology, adapted to the national healthcare system. The questionnaire consisted of 2 questions to determine respondent characteristics and 104 statements about the functioning of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation. 
 Results. According to 75 % of the surveyed officials in Ukraine, an effective regulatory system operates in the field of drug circulation. Based on the number of affirmative answers, all statements were divided into 4 groups: high, sufficient, moderate, and low. Thus, the quality management system of national regulatory authorities was evaluated at a high level, while the funding system of national regulatory authorities received the lowest ratings. The grouping allowed us to identify weaknesses in the activity of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation, such as the lack of funds in budgets for staff training and overall insufficient funding for national regulators, including insufficient funding from international donors, lack of clarity and comprehensiveness in the regulatory framework for the pharmaceutical sector, etc. 
 Conclusions. In accordance with the aim of the article, we conducted research on the efficiency level of the national regulatory system in the field of drug circulation, which revealed that the most mature and effective direction of its activity today is the development and implementation of quality systems in national regulatory authorities

The photo-gravitational concentric Sitnikov problem

The current framework involves a configuration of two pairs of primary celestial bodies engaged in synchronized circular orbits around a central point of mass. Additionally, an infinitesimal mass is positioned along the z-axis, traversing through the system’s center of mass. This distinctive celestial scenario is designated as the Concentric Sitnikov Problem. Notably, it is postulated that the initial pair of primary bodies emit radiation, while the latter pair remains radiation-free. Within the scope of this study, we delve into an exploration of equilibrium points, periodic orbits, and the intriguing Newton–Raphson basins of convergence (N-R BoC) within the concentric Sitnikov model, all subject to the influence of radiation pressure. Remarkably, our investigation uncovers the presence of three equilibrium points, each exhibiting linear instability across the entire spectrum of mass parameter values μ∗∈(0,0.25). To visually comprehend the character of these celestial paths, we employ a graphical analysis technique known as the first return map. Varied values of the mass parameter μ∗ lead to the generation of diverse families of periodic orbits encircling both the primary celestial bodies and their equilibrium positions. Lastly, we embark on an exploration of the intricacies of the N-R BoC, intimately connected with the equilibrium points within this proposed celestial model.

Consequences of fiscal optimism for fiscal planning and fiscal discipline: Some insights from India

This paper attempts to empirically analyse the impact of India’s medium term perspective on its fiscal management, and their subsequent implications for subnational Governments’ fiscal situation. Using graphical analysis, exploratory statistics and regression techniques, this paper endeavours to investigate the impact of revenue forecast error on Centre’s primary balance, and in turn its impact on States’ fiscal imbalance. The illustrative empirical exercises of this paper reveal that optimistic medium term macro-fiscal forecasting has been a predominant feature of India’s fiscal policy ever since it adopted fiscal discipline. The forecast errors are found to have serious consequences for India’s primary balance and debt accumulation pronouncing even stronger over longer horizons. The forecast-error-induced primary balance at the Centre leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of fiscal deficit of State Governments. Financial irregularity emerges as an important determinant of forecast error. This paper, though illustrative in nature, provides useful insights for better fiscal planning and management in the era of fiscal consolidation in India.

Numerical investigation on flow and atomization characteristics of hydrated magnesium nitrate gas-liquid two-fluid nozzle

The aim of this study is to reveal the atomization process of Mg(NO3)2·2H2O generated in the nitric acid leaching process of laterite nickel ore through a nozzle into a pilot pyrolysis furnace using CFD method. Based on the Euler-Lagrange method, a mathematical model of the hydrated magnesium nitrate gas-liquid two-fluid atomization nozzle was established, which can describe the gas-liquid flow characteristics. A visualization experimental platform was built for whose reliability has been verified by using graphical analysis technique. The influence law of gas channel inclination angle (hereinafter referred to as inclination angle), channel number and gas inlet pressure on the velocity inside the nozzle, liquid volume fraction and velocity and particle diameter of the atomization field were further explored. The results show that the number of gas channels is the main influencing factor for the average velocity at nozzle outlet and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of atomized particles, while the gas inlet pressure mainly affects the volume fraction of liquid. When the inclination angle increases, the average velocity of nozzle outlet increases, and the Average Mean Diameter (AMD) and SMD of the atomized particles decrease. At the same time, the average volume fraction of hydrated magnesium nitrate first increased and then decreased, with the maximum value to 27.91% when the angle is 30°. Therefore, the high nozzle outlet velocity can play an important role in promoting droplet fragmentation and the volume fraction of hydrated magnesium nitrate for the later pyrolysis, only when the inclination angle is set properly.

Application of Blended Learning through Practical Project-based Instruction: Opportunities and Constraints

The aim of this paper is to highlight the application of BL (Blended Learning) in practical courses in the architecture program in COVID-19 time. Physical Environment course is a theoretical module in the first year of the undergraduate architecture program. Despite the course write in the theoretical structure, it was proposed to reorient the course into mixed methods with practical activities through online researching, site visiting, and reporting. The methodology was designed in a qualitative method with the application of case study, structured observation, content analysis, graphical analysis, and interpretation techniques. Data were combined from 40 students who were divided into 10 groups of 4 students to discover the application of BL in a practical and project-based activity. The findings of the research identified that the students face limitation to access the research engines and scientific sources to collect the sources for exercises. A half part of the group did plagiarism in the citation and referencing of the reports. The students present more accurate data in the site visiting and practical activities than the theoretical part. In conclusion, the application of BL requires sufficient infrastructure for access to online materials through institutions. Application of practical BL helps the students to personalize and specialize the learning process through their own design of the report and exercises that more effective for delivery of course. Despite the BL implements just in the activity and course levels by staff and students, BL mode requires to set up in both program and institutional levels to achieve the results.

Approaches to shaping portfolio strategies based on the socially responsible investing concept

Subject. The article considers formulation of portfolio strategies that rest on the concept of socially responsible investing. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyze approaches to shaping the portfolio strategies based on the principle of socially responsible investing in the Russian stock market. Methods. The study employs general scientific research methods; logical, comparative, and statistical analyses; graphical analysis techniques. Results. We formulated and tested two strategies of socially responsible investing, i.e. Short ESG Ranking of Russian Companies and Long ESG Ranking of Russian Companies. The testing demonstrated below market return for the entire period. Thus, the strategies cannot be considered effective. To increase profitability, we proposed to optimize the strategies by including ESG-related debt instruments. Green bonds enabled to significantly increase profitability and outstrip OFZ yields. Despite the fact that according to the testing, the effect of both strategies turned out to be worse than IMOEX and MOEXBC indices, the strategies can be considered as relevant and acceptable for portfolio simulation. Conclusions. Under the current conditions in the financial markets caused by serious shocks during the coronavirus pandemic and significant changes in the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, the proposed strategies can be used by socially responsible institutional investors to shape investment policy and by individuals to manage funds in individual investment accounts. New bonds of Russian issuers in the sustainable development sector of the Moscow Exchange expanded the list of ESG instruments. They can serve as an effective optimization tool.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memakai Baju Berkancing Melalui Teknik Total Task Presentation Pada Anak Sindrom Down

Preliminary study in class IV SLB was found a child the initials M had problems wearing button-down clothes. The provision of appropriate learning techniques is needed. Total task presentation was chosen as a way to improve the ability to wear button-down clothes for children with Down syndrome. Study used Single Subject Research (SSR) with an A-B-A design and using graphic visual analysis techniques. The subject was 13 y.o with down syndrome, grade IV at SLB Ummi Khaira, West Pasaman Regency. The data collection technique used an action test instrument. The results showed an increase in the ability to wear button-up shirts in the analysis data under conditions and analysis between conditions. The mean level of condition A1 (15,78) is lower than condition B (69,73) and A2 (94,74). The results of this study show that total task presentation can improve the ability to wear button-down shirts for children with Down syndrome.

ZnO nanowires based e-nose for the detection of H2S and NO2 toxic gases

In this work, a novel ZnO NWs based e-nose has been developed and demonstrated successfully for its ability to discriminate H2S and NO2 test gases. For this, a MS was fabricated by modifying the surface of the ZnO NWs with suitable sensitizers (∼<10 nm) namely Ni, Au, Cu, and MgO. A post deposition annealing in oxygen environment results in the formation of ZnO–CuO, ZnO–Au, ZnO–NiO and ZnO–MgO heterojunctions. The data repository was formed by measuring the response curves for different set of gas, concentration and operating temperature. The gas sensing results were subsequently interpreted employing both graphical analysis (3D bar chart) and multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis) techniques. For better understanding, the steps involved in the PCA have been explained and discussed elaborately. Our result indicate that the e-nose is capable for producing the qualitative as well as quantitative discrimination of two test gases namely H2S and NO2.

Learning Activities of the of Students in Peer-Jury Practices in the Architecture Design Studio

&lt;p&gt;The students learn through critical thinking and commenting on the design works of other students. This paper aims to demonstrate the students' learning process in a peer-jury activity through both mind engagement and practical activities in the architecture design studio. The methodology of the research was based on qualitative methods with the application of semi-structured observation, photography, sketching, and graphical analysis techniques. The findings of the analysis reveal that the students participated in the peer-jury activity with five attitudes including passive, reactive, active, interactive, and engaged. The peer-jury groups’ applied four approaches to comment on the peer presenters' design outputs, including the design process, task response, idea of the design, and design outputs. In conclusion, the students learn through peers effectively to enhance their skills and abilities in a structured communication. The students improve critical thinking skills through practice, personalization, and communication. &lt;/p&gt;

Foam Flow in Different Pore Systems—Part 2: The Roles of Pore Attributes on the Limiting Capillary Pressure, Trapping Coefficient, and Relative Permeability of Foamed Gas

Summary The limiting capillary pressure of foam (Pc*) and foam trapping in porous media are pore-scale foam properties that affect foam transport in porous media. They are strongly influenced by the characteristics of rock pores and throats. Because of experimental limitations, these foam properties are difficult to measure at core scale. As a result, our understanding of their relationship with different pore characteristics is limited. In this paper, novel coreflood and graphical analysis techniques were used to measure Pc* and the foam-trapping coefficient (FTC) at core scale. FTC is a new parameter synonymous to Land’s (1968) trapping coefficient, which describes foam-trapping behavior across an entire range of saturation as opposed to a single endpoint trapped saturation. The scalability of these two foam properties with permeability and other pore characteristics [average pore size (PS), average throat size (TS), average aspect ratio (AR), coordination number (CN), surface area/volume ratio, and reservoir-quality index (RQI)] were also investigated. Pore characteristics of 12 different rock samples were measured from 3D pore-network models generated from high-resolution X-ray computed-microtomography images. The heterogeneity of the rock samples were quantified by the Dykstra-Parsons index (Dysktra and Parsons 1950), while the RQI and J-function methods were used to classify them according to their storage and flow properties. Each of the measured pore characteristics and their combination [combined pore character (CPC)] were then correlated with Pc* and FTC to understand their respective roles. Furthermore, the data points obtained from the graphical analysis of the coreflood data provided the required input data for a mechanistic foam model for relative permeability of foamed gas (Kovscek and Radke 1994). The estimated relative permeability of foamed gas was then used to study foam mobility in the different pore geometries. The overall results showed the following: P c * has strong negative correlations with all pore characteristics except AR, which has a weak positive correlation. P c * has the strongest correlation with RQI, CPC, and permeability; a moderate correlation with CN and TS; and a very weak correlation with PS. Foam trapping has positive correlations with all pore characteristics except AR, which has a negative correlation. Low AR appears to be responsible for significant trapping of foam in high-permeability rocks. Low AR favors more foam trapping, while high AR favors trapping of oil and gas during water imbibition in water-wet rocks. Foam trapping appears to have the dominant control on foam mobility.

Implementation of the Social Story Method to Improve Social Interaction Skills for Hyperactive Students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

This study aims to determine the implementation of the social story method to improve social interaction skills in hyperactive students at MI darusallam jogosatru. The social interaction of hyperactive children can be seen from the way students interact at school. This study uses experimental research because it influences the influence of the social story method on the social interactions of hyperactive students. The subjects in this study were hyperactive grade 5 students using a single subject design approach by observing hyperactive students and data analysis techniques using graphic analysis techniques. The result of this research is that the social story method can improve the social interaction skills of hyperactive students.

Experimental and Artificial Intelligence Modelling Study of Oil Palm Trunk Sap Fermentation

Five major operations for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into bioethanol are pre-treatment, detoxification, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The fermentation process is a significant biological step to transform lignocellulose into biofuel. The interactions of biochemical networks and their uncertainty and nonlinearity that occur during fermentation processes are major problems for experts developing accurate bioprocess models. In this study, mechanical processing and pre-treatment on the palm trunk were done before fermentation. Analysis was performed on the fresh palm sap and the fermented sap to determine the composition. The analysis for total sugar content was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the percentage of alcohols by volume was determined using gas chromatography (GC). A model was also developed for the fermentation process based on the Adaptive-Network-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to predict bioethanol production in biomass fermentation of oil palm trunk sap. The model was used to find the best experimental conditions to achieve the maximum bioethanol concentration. Graphical sensitivity analysis techniques were also used to identify the most effective parameters in the bioethanol process.

Dynapenia in middle-aged and older persons with and without abdominal obesity and the complex relationship with behavioral, physical-health and mental-health variables: Learning Bayesian network structures.

Few studies have analyzed the relationship between dynapenia and lifestyle, physical-health and mental-health variables in middle-aged and older persons classified according to their waist circumference. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between dynapenia and behavioral, physical-health and mental-health variables in middle-aged and older persons with and without abdominal obesity using Bayesian networks, a graphical analysis technique that allows simultaneous associations between variables to be identified. A cross-sectional study of 2526 participants without abdominal obesity and 2729 with abdominal obesity (waist circumference>102cm in men and >88cm in women) aged 50 years or older who took part in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Two network structures including behavioral, physical-health and mental-health variables and dynapenia (grip strength<26kg for men and <16kg for women) were learnt with the hill-climbing score-based algorithm for a sample of individuals with and without abdominal obesity. Statistical resampling tests were performed to quantify the strength of the relationships between factors associated with dynapenia. In middle-aged and older persons without abdominal obesity, dynapenia was strongly associated with and influenced by at-risk alcohol consumption while in middle-aged and older persons with abdominal obesity the condition was strongly associated with and influenced by diabetes and depression. In the latter group, dynapenia was also strongly associated with and influenced the disability. The use of Bayesian networks allowed different factors associated with dynapenia in middle-aged and older persons classified according to the presence or absence of abdominal obesity to be identified.

Pressure falloff testing to characterize CO2 plume and dry-out zone during CO2 injection in saline aquifers

The fluid mobilities and the lateral extent of the CO2 plume and the dry-out zone are among important unknowns required to effectively manage CO2 storage in saline aquifers projects. These unknowns can be derived from pressure falloff testing which has been widely used to characterize the subsurface. This work provides a three-region analytical solution for falloff pressure during the infinite-acting period of CO2 injection in saline aquifers. The solution is derived using Laplace transformation technique of the governing diffusivity equations and the accompanying initial and boundary conditions. The exact solution is validated against numerical results obtained from a black-oil reservoir simulator for two cases. The solution is approximated into simple forms in real-time domain considering different time periods. Then, a graphical semi-log analysis technique based on the approximate solutions is provided as an interpretation tool of falloff tests where the fluid mobilities and the extents of dry-out zone and CO2 plume can be inferred. The interpretation technique is applied to synthetic falloff test data to investigate its potential and reliability.

Insight into the missing aspects of therapeutic landscape in psychological centres in Kigali, Rwanda

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the quality of the therapeutic landscapes of Ndera and Icyizere psychological centres in Kigali city, Rwanda, through site analysis to highlight the potential and opportunities of the therapeutic landscape. Despite research on the significant effects of green and blue landscape design on the health recovery process, seemingly, the landscape of these centres in Rwanda included a few aspect of the therapeutic landscape criteria. This missing component of the landscape resulted in the confinement of the medical treatment to indoor spaces. The methodology of this research involved qualitative methods by applying the unobtrusive observation, photography, sketching, interviews, site analysis, and graphical analysis techniques. The findings identified that the spatial structure of both centres emphasized the buildings due to the standardization of hospitals with less attention to landscaping. Despite environmental opportunities in the context, the targets, objectives, and strategies of green and blue landscapes were less or not included in the therapeutic considerations of the centres. This oversight in the landscaping resulted in fewer activities in open spaces and outdoors with a poor variety of color, scent, and material. Reconnection of the outdoor-indoor spaces through the therapeutic landscape design process could improve the quality of treatment and ultimately the health of the users.

Comparison of projection of distance techniques for genetic diversity studies

The objective of this study was to compare different graphical dispersion analysis techniques in two- or three-dimensional planes. In this study, the data from different published works were used in order to determine the best methodology for analyzing the genetic diversity of different species. In this study, efficiency is measured by the amount of original distance absorbed by the projection of distances technique, which in the case of major components is equal to the amount of total variation originally available and retained by the principal components used for dispersion purposes. The projection of dissimilarity measurement technique, principal component analysis (PCA), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used. Considering the analysis by means of three orthogonal axes, the graphical dispersion efficiency was 82.22 for PCA, 87.22 for PCoA, and 85.25 for the projection of distances technique. For the 2D analysis, considering the two main axes, the mean dispersion efficiency was 69.90 for the PCA, 75.06 for the projection technique, and 78.16 for PCoA. Considering the studies carried out with experimental data of six different species, it is concluded that the principal coordinate analysis is superior.

Comparison of Statistical Methods to Graphical Methods in Rainfall Trend Analysis: Case Studies from Tropical Catchments

Time series analyses for climatic factors are important in climate predictions. Rainfall is being one of the most important climatic factors in today’s concern for future predictions; thus, many researchers analyze the data series for identifying potential rainfall trends. The literature shows several methods in identifying rainfall trends. However, statistical trend analysis using Mann–Kendall equation and graphical trend analysis are the two widely used and simplest tests in trend analysis. Nevertheless, there are few studies in comparing various methods in the trend analysis to suggest the simplest methods in analyzing rainfall trends. Therefore, this paper presents a comparison analysis of statistical and graphical trend analysis techniques for two tropical catchments in Sri Lanka. Results reveal that, in general, both trend analysis techniques produce comparable results in identifying rainfall trends for different time steps including annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfalls.