Graphical Windows Research Articles

Digital measuring the ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig eye in vivo with Python.

To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology. Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-week-old guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes respectively. The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale. The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function. Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal, coronal and horizontal view. The curvature, curvature radius, eccentricity, tilt angle, corneal diameter, and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles. Next, the eyeballs were removed, canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro. The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro. Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes, no significant differences were observed among results in vivo, in vitro, and the keratometer. The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39° and 129.8°±9.58° respectively. For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo, significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes. The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection, which requires too much definition in Matlab. There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings, such as exotropic eye position, oblique oval eyeball, and obvious discrepancy of binoculus. This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТА ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В ІНТЕРАКТИВНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ WORKLAB-AUTO

Abstract. The general structure, principles of operation and application of the author's interactive learning envi-ronment Worklab-Auto for the organization of technological processes of diagnosis, maintenance and repair of cars and the design of pro-duction units of automobile transport enterprises are described. The software complex includes a fairly extensive data-base, server and client parts with a WEB interface and access via the INTERNET network. System modules provide inter-active implementation and simulation of production situations, which significantly improves the quality and realism of design. The environment contains modules for the analysis of the enterprise's production activity, which analyze the state of the production and technical base and the organization of work in production units, providing tech-nological equipment and tools. Calculation modules provide for the determination of the annual volume of work, the number of workers and the number of posts, as well as the distribution of work by types and place of execution. The pro-duction units of the enterprise are formed in the organizational modules. Technological equipment is selected from the database for each production unit. The organization of workplaces involves in an interactive mode fixing for each work-place works that are similar in execution technology, as well as the necessary technological equipment and tools. The types of diagnostic maintenance or repair posts are selected from the database which are equipped with an inspection ditch, a lift or stationary post equipment, respectively. The graphic window of the room plan makes it possible to display and move the selected equipment, service posts, workplaces, gates, doors, windows on a large scale. The development and optimization of route technology involves the visual division of a given technological process into separate operations. Keywords: design, automobile transport enterprise, technological process, education, interactive and distance learning.

A Perspective into "TEL"-Tenofovir, Emtricitabine and Lamivudine Antileprotic Activities by Drug Repurposing and Exploring the Possibility of Combination Chemotherapy with Drug Rescued Molecules for a Leprosy Free Mankind.

Since leprosy bacilli cannot grow in vitro, testing for antimicrobial resistance against Mycobacterium leprae or assessing the anti-leprosy activity of new drugs remains hard. Furthermore, developing a new leprosy drug through the traditional drug development process is not economically captivating for pharmaceutical companies. As a result, repurposing existing drugs/approved medications or their derivatives to test their anti-leprotic potency is a promising alternative. It is an accelerated method to uncover different medicinal and therapeutic properties in approved drug molecules. The study aims to explore the binding potential of anti-viral drugs such as Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Lamivudine (TEL) against Mycobacterium leprae using molecular docking. The current study evaluated and confirmed the possibility of repurposing antiviral drugs such as TEL (Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Lamivudine) by transferring the graphical window of the BIOVIA DS2017 with the Crystal Structure of a phosphoglycerate mutase gpm1 from Mycobacterium leprae (PDB ID: 4EO9). Utilizing the smart minimizer algorithm, the protein's energy was reduced in order to achieve a stable local minima conformation. The protein and molecule energy minimization protocol generated stable configuration energy molecules. The protein 4EO9 energy was reduced from 14264.5 kcal/mol to -17588.1 kcal/mol. The CHARMm algorithm-based CDOCKER run docked all three molecules (TEL) inside the 4EO9 protein binding pocket (Mycobacterium leprae). The interaction analysis revealed that tenofovir had a better binding molecule with a score of - 37.7297 kcal/mol than the other molecules.

Simulating the process of retargeting of optoelectronic Earth observation spacecraft during object shooting

Design models and algorithms have been developed to estimate the spatial direction of the reorientation of spacecraft for optoelectronic observation of the Earths surface during object shooting, taking into account the relative movement of the surveillance objects in the field of view of the spacecraft. Modeling is simplified due to the choice of such coordinate systems in which the spacecraft is stationary and the surveillance objects move relative to it. The direction of rotation of the spacecraft with a given angular velocity is found at the point of the upcoming intersection of the optical axis of the observation equipment on the Earths surface with the surveillance object moving in the selected coordinate system. The models and algorithms were developed in order to expand the capabilities of Samara Universitys existing software package for evaluating the target indicators and design characteristics of observation spacecraft. Based on the developed re-targeting models, algorithms have been developed for selecting the sequence of shooting observation objects according to the criterion of their maximum number on the orbit of the spacecraft flight and counting the captured objects to assess the performance of survey. An example of the implementation of one of the graphic windows of the software with the developed models and algorithms is given, in which the process of re-targeting the spacecraft is visualized, which is one of the ways to verify the adequacy of the developed models and algorithms.

GUIDE: A GUI for automated quantum chemistry calculations.

The accuracy of quantum mechanics (QM) simulations depends heavily on the quality of initial input files. Despite the popularity of QM simulation packages, achieving precise results still heavily relies on the user's proficiency in preparing the QM simulation systems. In this work, we present an easy-to-use tool called GUIDE, a YASARA plugin to assist researchers in quantum chemistry workflow automation using ORCA and MOPAC simulation packages. GUIDE lets users compute complex QM calculation workflows via an automated graphical window system. It allows for a more integrated and streamlined research process, as researchers can easily access all the necessary tools within one software without switching between multiple programs. This tool can save time and increase efficiency in computational chemistry methods. GUIDE is written in Python and is freely available for download at https://github.com/YAMACS-SML/GUIDE. The plugin is released under a GPL-3.0 license and is supported on Windows and Linux.

U‐Pb Saturn: New U‐Pb/Pb‐Pb Data Reduction Software for LA‐ICP‐MS

U‐Pb Saturn is new freeware for U‐Pb LA‐ICP‐MS data reduction. It has been developed to provide easy interaction with and visualisation of LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb datasets, and allows fast and reliable data reduction of hundreds of data‐points. Saturn offers dynamic graphic interfaces to quickly view, evaluate, and plot U‐Pb and Pb‐Pb isotope data. It operates online (or offline), giving the freedom to change parameters and reprocess data at any stage of data acquisition. The main interface allows the user to: (1) choose the best statistics for drift correction, (2) include/exclude offset factors and (3) apply (or not) Pbc corrections in different modes. Signal intensities are displayed in a separate graphic interface that allows users to interact with the time‐resolved signal of individual spot analyses. All graphic windows are interactive; any modification to data treatment (e.g., inclusion or exclusion of analyses of reference material, or modification of the time‐resolved signal windows) is instantaneously updated on the data tables. Saturn is particularly attractive for beginners in LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb geochronology as it is non‐commercial, easy to install, and very interactive. Coding information and a version of the software can be accessed at http://www.air.ufop.br.

Samolokalizacja bezzałogowego statku powietrznego uwzględniająca zmienną orientację kamery

This publication proposes a visual localization method using images from a simulated camera and a georeferenced map. The UAV model and flight simulation were made in the MATLAB Simulink package, which sent UAV orientation data to the described program. The visualization of the camera image was performed in real time using the FlightGear software, the image of which was also captured by the NW program. This method is performed by two processes in two modules: Global Positioning Component and Motion Positioning Component. The first one compares the image from the simulated camera with the orthophotomap. The second determines the position based on the assessment of the displacement of characteristic points in the image in relation to the last known location. The result of the operation of both modules is illustrated in the graphic window of the NW application, which allows for a visual comparison of the obtained results. With the global method of location, additional camera orientation correction is required to determine the position in 2D space. For this purpose, data on the current camera orientation expressed in quaternions were used. This allowed for the introduction of a position correction, which significantly improved the accuracy of the result obtained in the GPC module despite significant UAV tilts during the simulated flight.

APPINetwork: an R package for building and computational analysis of protein-protein interaction networks.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential to almost every process in a cell. Analysis of PPI networks gives insights into the functional relationships among proteins and may reveal important hub proteins and sub-networks corresponding to functional modules. Several good tools have been developed for PPI network analysis but they have certain limitations. Most tools are suited for studying PPI in only a small number of model species, and do not allow second-order networks to be built, or offer relevant functions for their analysis. To overcome these limitations, we have developed APPINetwork (Analysis of Protein-protein Interaction Networks). The aim was to produce a generic and user-friendly package for building and analyzing a PPI network involving proteins of interest from any species as long they are stored in a database. APPINetwork is an open-source R package. It can be downloaded and installed on the collaborative development platform GitLab (https://forgemia.inra.fr/GNet/appinetwork). A graphical user interface facilitates its use. Graphical windows, buttons, and scroll bars allow the user to select or enter an organism name, choose data files and network parameters or methods dedicated to network analysis. All functions are implemented in R, except for the script identifying all proteins involved in the same biological process (developed in C) and the scripts formatting the BioGRID data file and generating the IDs correspondence file (implemented in Python 3). PPI information comes from private resources or different public databases (such as IntAct, BioGRID, and iRefIndex). The package can be deployed on Linux and macOS operating systems (OS). Deployment on Windows is possible but it requires the prior installation of Rtools and Python 3. APPINetwork allows the user to build a PPI network from selected public databases and add their own PPI data. In this network, the proteins have unique identifiers resulting from the standardization of the different identifiers specific to each database. In addition to the construction of the first-order network, APPINetwork offers the possibility of building a second-order network centered on the proteins of interest (proteins known for their role in the biological process studied or subunits of a complex protein) and provides the number and type of experiments that have highlighted each PPI, as well as references to articles containing experimental evidence. More than a tool for PPI network building, APPINetwork enables the analysis of the resultant network, by searching either for the community of proteins involved in the same biological process or for the assembly intermediates of a protein complex. Results of these analyses are provided in easily exportable files. Examples files and a user manual describing each step of the process come with the package.

The use of modern computer technologies in the study of the Geometric Modeling course

The paper describes the educational discipline “Geometric modeling”, which is suitable for students of applied mathematics. The course covers spline representations and transfinite interpolation methods for modeling the shape of geometric objects, the methods for performing Boolean operations between objects and methods for visualizing the objects. Screenshots of some graphic windows of the developed visualization programs for supporting the implementation of individual assignments in the course are shown. The programs have web interfaces that use the WebGL graphics API in a browser, independent of an operating system, and are also available for smartphones and tablets. They provide graphical output for curves and surfaces in three-dimensional space, user interfaces for entering the initial data and interaction with geometric objects. Students only need to write their own calculation code for the programs in the JavaScript programming language. The interactive tools enable students to get practical skills in working with splines and visually analyze the impact of the input data on the final geometry. The individual assignments and programs are specially focused to stimulate students’ interests. The paper is addressed to teachers of the geometric modeling for mathematicians and computer scientists. It seems to be interesting to those who develop software interfaces for geometric modeling algorithms.

A Gauss’s Law Computer Simulation in GlowScript

In this paper I describe an interactive Gauss’s law computer simulation using the GlowScript programming environment. The simulation calculates a point charge’s electric field at locations on the surface of a Gaussian cube and displays the electric field in GlowScript’s 3D graphics window. The point charge can be moved, and the electric field visualization will update dynamically. Students can use the simulation controls to record the electric field strength and direction, and then copy and paste the data into a spreadsheet in order to calculate the electric flux through the cube. The simulation can be used as part of a quantitative virtual laboratory to develop a student’s intuition for electric flux and Gauss’s law. The simulation can be accessed at https://sites.google.com/view/gauss/home.

Low optical diffraction random hexagonal structure metallic network conductive films

Traditional metallic meshes are a two-dimensional square structure with high optical transmittance loss, and the diffraction of light seriously interferes with the imaging quality of the detection system. In this work a metallic network conductive film with a random hexagonal surface structure is designed. This structure has a higher optical transmittance than conventional square metallic meshes. As a result of the random variables in the structure, it can also suppress the stray light of high-order diffraction. Then we prepare a metallic network conductive film on a ZnS optical window with a line width of 4 μm and a period of 100 μm. The metal lines of the sample are clear, the line width is uniform, and there is no dotted line. The transmission loss of the ZnS optical window is 10.5% in the long-wave infrared band (LWIR) band but only 6.8% in the visible band, which has low energy loss. At the same time, it can achieve uniform optical diffraction, thus reducing the imaging interference to the photoelectric detection system. The numerical simulation results show that the average EMI shielding efficiency is 37.9db, which is in an electromagnetic spectrum range from 0.2 GHz to 20 GHz, and its minimum shielding efficiency is 29.6 dB, which is 3.2 dB higher than the traditional square mesh’s. The random hexagonal structure metallic network conductive films designed and prepared in this paper have excellent optical properties and EMI shielding efficiencies, which is of great significance in improving the comprehensive performance of the graphical optical window.

Pilot Study on Application for Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Spectra

In this work an application for analysis of the spectrum in magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented. For the purpose of analysis a dedicated, custom program was developed. Furthermore, the work presents the principle of operation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its application, mainly in oncology. We also describe an application developed to load the file in the DICOM standard using the Graphical User Interface window, determine the parameters for the appropriate metabolites necessary for the Gaussian function, estimate the concentration of metabolites and the relations between them. Some example usage Some example usage of the application is also included in the paper.

Code quality improvement for Intel Windows Graphics Driver

There are already many software tools present and many application software's that being developed. These is because the technology needs to be updated according to the requirements. During these busy times, Developing and updating technologies is itself a big challenge. If any bugs occur in future or to keep track of features are added are working properly according to requirements, it needs some tools to keep track of it. For these things to happen, it requires some methodology to improve debug time like ETL (Event Trace Log) for multiple display features. The other things are that, code that is written today has to be written in such a way that it could be used for at least next 10 years. This will reduce the time of adding the same code simultaneously. Collecting the ETL in the encoded form helps in securing the sensitive information present in the trace log. Adding more testing codes in Unit Test Framework (UTF) find more bugs at early stages which will reduce the code cost. Adding MMIO (Memory Mapped I/O) verifier rules as the part of UTF helps in register verification (Simulates real Hardware context). Addition of MMIO rules for existing and new display features in separate xml file for different platforms makes it easy to identify in which platform feature failure in happening. All these methods help in code quality improvements for Intel Windows Graphics Driver.

PENGEOM — A general-purpose geometry package for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport in complex material structures (New Version Announcement)

A new version of the code system pengeom, which provides a complete set of tools to handle different geometries in Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport, is presented. The distribution package consists of a set of Fortran subroutines and a Java graphical user interface that allows building and debugging the geometry-definition file, and producing images of the geometry in two- and three-dimensions. A detailed description of these tools is given in the original paper [Comput. Phys. Commun.199 (2016) 102–113] and in the code manual included in the distribution package. The present new version corrects a bug in the Fortran subroutines, and it includes various improvements of the Java graphical user interface. New Version Program SummaryProgram Title:pengeomCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/zgswr8kyf5.1Licensing provisions: CC BY NC 3.0Programming language: Fortran 90, JavaJournal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 199 (2016) 102–113Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesReasons for the new version: The original Fortran code contained a subtle bug, which had an effect only when (1) a particle moving within a void region entered a material body, and (2) the particle was left in the void volume because of numerical roundoff errors (undershot). In such case, the steering main program erroneously concluded that the particle was in the external vacuum and, consequently, it discontinued the simulation of the particle trajectory. This anomalous behavior has been corrected by shifting the position of the particle a small distance, determined by the parameters of the master ray equation, which places the particle a small distance inside the material body.In the original Fortran subroutines, inconsistencies in the geometry-definition file resulted in a stop of the program; this reaction was hard to control from a graphical user interface. The present new version has been verified to work correctly under Java 8, Java 11, and Java 13.Summary of revisions: In the new version the tracking bug is corrected. In addition, any apparent syntax error is now resolved by returning the control to the calling program with an error flag activated and with an error message.Various aspects of the Java user interface have been improved: the text editor now includes line numbers, which are used to locate possible inconsistencies and errors in the geometry definition file; the size of the application window can now be modified, and the possible sizes of the graphics windows are adapted to the actual resolution of the monitor; the action of keystroke commands under Windows, Linux, and macOS is now the same.Nature of problem: The Fortran subroutines perform all geometry operations in Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport with arbitrary interaction models. They track particles through complex quadric geometries, i.e., through material systems consisting of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces. Particles are moved in steps (free flights) of a given length, which is dictated by the simulation program, and are halted when they cross an interface between media of different compositions or when they enter selected bodies. At the end of each step, pengeom returns the indices of the material and body where the particle is.Solution method:pengeom is tailored to optimize simulation speed and accuracy. Fast tracking is accomplished by the use of quadric surfaces, which facilitate the calculation of ray intersections, and of modules (connected volumes limited by quadric surfaces) organized in a hierarchical structure. Optimal accuracy is obtained by considering fuzzy surfaces, with the aid of a simple algorithm that keeps control of multiple intersections of a ray and a surface. The 64-bit Java GUI PenGeomJar provides a complete geometry toolbox; it allows building and debugging of the geometry definition file, as well as visualizing the resulting geometry in two and three dimensions.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: All geometrical operations are performed internally. The connection between the steering main program and the tracking routines is through a Fortran module, which contains the state variables of the transported particle, and the input-output arguments of subroutine STEP. Rendering of two- and three-dimensional images is performed by using the pengeoem subroutines, so that what we see in the images is what is passed to the simulation program.By default pengeom can handle systems with up to 5,000 bodies and 10,000 surfaces. These numbers can be increased by editing the source file.[1] J. Almansa, F. Salvat-Pujol, G. Díaz-Londoño, A. Carnicer, A.M. Lallena, and Francesc Salvat, Comput. Phys. Commun.199 (2016) 102–113.

Transparent Windows on Food Packaging Do Not Always Capture Attention and Increase Purchase Intention.

Transparent windows on food packaging can effectively highlight the actual food inside. The present study examined whether food packaging with transparent windows (relative to packaging with food‐ and non-food graphic windows in the same position and of the same size) has more advantages in capturing consumer attention and determining consumers’ willingness to purchase. In this study, college students were asked to evaluate prepackaged foods presented on a computer screen, and their eye movements were recorded. The results showed salience effects for both packaging with transparent and food-graphic windows, which were also regulated by food category. Both transparent and graphic packaging gained more viewing time than the non-food graphic baseline condition for all the three selected products (i.e., nuts, preserved fruits, and instant cereals). However, no significant difference was found between transparent and graphic window conditions. For preserved fruits, time to first fixations was shorter in transparent packaging than other conditions. For nuts, the willingness to purchase was higher in both transparent and graphic conditions than the baseline condition, while the packaging attractiveness played a key role in mediating consumers’ willingness to purchase. The implications for stakeholders and future research directions are discussed.

Development of measurement instrument for visual qualities of graphical user interface elements (VISQUAL): a test in the context of mobile game icons

Graphical user interfaces are widely common and present in everyday human–computer interaction, dominantly in computers and smartphones. Today, various actions are performed via graphical user interface elements, e.g., windows, menus and icons. An attractive user interface that adapts to user needs and preferences is progressively important as it often allows personalized information processing that facilitates interaction. However, practitioners and scholars have lacked an instrument for measuring user perception of aesthetics within graphical user interface elements to aid in creating successful graphical assets. Therefore, we studied dimensionality of ratings of different perceived aesthetic qualities in GUI elements as the foundation for the measurement instrument. First, we devised a semantic differential scale of 22 adjective pairs by combining prior scattered measures. We then conducted a vignette experiment with random participant (n = 569) assignment to evaluate 4 icons from a total of pre-selected 68 game app icons across 4 categories (concrete, abstract, character and text) using the semantic scales. This resulted in a total of 2276 individual icon evaluations. Through exploratory factor analyses, the observations converged into 5 dimensions of perceived visual quality: Excellence/Inferiority, Graciousness/Harshness, Idleness/Liveliness, Normalness/Bizarreness and Complexity/Simplicity. We then proceeded to conduct confirmatory factor analyses to test the model fit of the 5-factor model with all 22 adjective pairs as well as with an adjusted version of 15 adjective pairs. Overall, this study developed, validated, and consequently presents a measurement instrument for perceptions of visual qualities of graphical user interfaces and/or singular interface elements (VISQUAL) that can be used in multiple ways in several contexts related to visual human-computer interaction, interfaces and their adaption.

Automated visualization of calculation results in the Algozit programming environment

The functional object diagram of algorithms for constructing a graphical representation of the source and calculated data in the visual programming environment “Algozit” is considered. When defining the functional content of circuit elements (algomats), a built-in interpreted programming language is used, supplemented by graphical operators. Using the built-in language simplifies the modification and support of the developed visual algorithm. Graphic operators use the capabilities of a graphic library built into the visual programming environment. The library allows you to accumulate data on graphic primitives in three-dimensional space and build them in a graphic window in the form of a central projection or stereo image. The graphics window is equipped with display controls.

Accuracy control of contour milling on CNC machines

The possibility of checking the accuracy of contours directly on a CNC machine equipped with a three-axis contact probe is proved. The technique of accuracy control of parts contours is presented, which is based on three-coordinate contact probe measurements according to the developed control program using standard CNC commands with automatic data entry into the file. The created application program performs the demonstration and visualization of the results. The application program loads the milling control program in the form of G-codes and a measurement data file, and all the necessary results for the accuracy evaluation appear in the graphics window

Gem #144

This Gem starts with a problem. As a French native, I often manipulate text files that contain accented letters (those accents, by the way, were often introduced as a shorthand to replace letters in words, to save paper when it was still an expensive commodity). Unfortunately, depending on how the file was created, my programs do not necessarily see the same byte contents (which depends on the encoding and the character set of the file), and, if I just try to display them on the screen (either in a text console, or in a graphical window), the output might not read like what I initially entered.

Visual Fortran과 OpenGL을 이용한 윈도우용 레이저가공 통합 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발

An integrated simulation program for virtual laser ablation is developed to help understand and predict the effects of machining parameters on the final machined results. The main solver of the program is based on the model for polymer ablation with short-pulse Excimer lasers. The GUI of the program is built using Visual Fortran and OpenGL so that the user can work in a visual environment, such as Windows on a PC, where the important machining parameters can be input via a dialog box and the calculated results for the machined shape can be plotted by means of a 3D graphics window using OpenGL. The developed GUI can be implemented for use with most pre-developed FORTRAN solvers for Windows application, allowing the user to control the input parameters and to see the results in a 3D plot; hence most FORTRAN users could create their own visual programs on PC Windows systems similarly, widening the range of application of FORTRAN solvers.