Graphic Definition Research Articles

Coastal territories of small rivers in the context of the modern landscape architecture development

The article presents the first stages of research into the elements of spatial structure of a large city on the example of the coastal territories of small rivers as integral components of the water-green framework of a modern city. The authors proposed a schematization of the relationship between the object and the subject of the study, graphic definition of the place of riverbank territories in the urban environment, as well as the detailing of the functional structure of the city in the context of the relationship with the coastal territories of small rivers in large cities. The scientific approach and the corresponding improved methodology of urban planning and design of small river bank territories that we are developing will allow us to make ecologically effective, economical and socially responsible decisions related to the widespread inclusion of small river bank territories in the economic and economic activity of the settlement and to implement the actual techniques of landscape architecture at the stage of design concepts. At the next stage of the study, we plan to pay attention to environmental, economic, social and functional factors, as well as their interrelated combinations of improving the methods of decision-making regarding the improvement of the coastal territories of small rivers. In the future, our improved methodological approach to urban planning and design of urban (small) riverside territories can be used, among other things, for the subsequent selection of the most effective types of improvements according to the given parameters.

Proportion and Disproportion in the Late Gothic Layout of the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain)

The construction of a large and complex monastery such as the Charterhouse of Jerez required a precise geometric plan, the layout, which once deployed on the ground becomes the shape control system of the construction process. The basic geometric figure that supports the layout is the square and the variations derived from the ratio between its side and its diagonal. This paper presents the graphic definition of this geometric layout and analyses its persistence over more than three centuries of architectural evolution (fifteenth through eighteenth centuries). During this lengthy process, it has been possible to characterise how the rigour of geometric abstraction, the natural conditions of the ground on which the monastery was founded, and the functional and symbolic demands of the Carthusian order have been balanced. Likewise, there has been an analysis of the situations in which disproportion is imposed: the alteration or abandonment of the geometric plan. These undesirable situations reveal the imposition of existing conditions and the evolution of artistic concepts.

Coronary computed tomography angiography using 128-slice dual-source computed tomography in patients with severe calcification.

To compare coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography (CAG) with regard to luminal graphic definition of calcified segments using 128-slice dual-source computed tomography (DSCT), specifically for patients with an Agatston score >400. Of 1148 consecutive patients who underwent coronary CTA using a 128-slice DSCT, 132 subjects had severe calcification with an Agatston score >400. Thirty-nine of the 132 patients who had undergone CAG within 3months before or after coronary CTA were included. We investigated the distribution of calcification, and we visually evaluated significant stenosis in the calcified and all segments. Results were compared with CAG. The target group in this study had a very high mean Agatston score of 1771±1724. Results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 247 calcified vs all 325 segments were as follows: sensitivity 93.2 vs 92.2%, specificity 83.9 vs 87.5%, PPV 70.8 vs 69.6%, and NPV 96.7 vs 97.3%, respectively. 128-slice DSCT has potential for evaluation of calcified segments in the lumen, even in patients whose Agatston score exceeds 400.

Relational Algebra Teaching Support Tool

In recent years, there has been an increasing supply of digital, pedagogical tools, known as Digital Learning Objects (DLO) – digital resources (image, film, animation, etc.) and software developed specifically for educational purposes. In the area of Computer Science, teaching Databases present a particular challenge because of a lack of quality tools to work with Relational Algebra. The present study proposes a web-based tool to support teaching and learning Relational Algebra – an important subject that is particularly difficult for students to understand. The purpose of the proposed tool is to provide an alternative method for teaching Relational Algebra operations, such as: selection, projection, union, set difference, rename, intersection, Cartesian product, natural join, division and some aggregate functions. In addition, we propose a graphic definition of a database schema (using features such as drag and drop, column highlights, lines, fields, etc.), so students can use the tool easily, and in conjunction with the theory taught regarding the definition languages (DDL) and data manipulation (DML). We intend for this tool to serve as an appropriate means for teaching and learning Relational Algebra, contributing to the development of new teaching skills, as well motivating the students in the process of learning.

Las encuadernaciones de los códices griegos del escorial y su relevancia para la historia de los textos

El Escorial Library is rich in original bindings. This paper focuses on 193 Greek manuscripts, which are classified according to their prior owners and also divided in three groups according to the kind of binding : Byzantine, «alla greca » and Western bindings. The aim is to show that every particular collection that came to El Escorial — those belonging to Philip II, to Hurtado de Mendoza and to many Italian and Spanish scholars and bibliophiles — has its own physiognomy, due either to its topographic origin or to its external features. Some examples are considered (Escur. -graphic definition of the origin of their bindings helps to determine more accurately the itinerary followed by the manuscripts and by the texts.

Graphic Shorthand: From Caricature to Narratology in Twentieth-Century Bande dessinée and Comics

The initial aim of this article is to examine semiotic and narratological aspects of the graphic definition of character and caricature, as found in the image-based storytelling of the twentieth century. Our analysis will focus on North American newspaper strips and comic books - e.g. works by Jack Kirby - and French-language bande dessinée (particularly Alain Saint-Ogan and Jean-Claude Forest). We will see that, as a result of precise technical constraints, such as hand-drawn style [autographie] and swiftness of creation [rapidité d'exécution], caricature comes to play a very specific role in the artistic definition of character.

Computer Peripheral Device for Modelling 3D Objects in a CAD Environment

The complexity of 3D-object design on a CAD workstation system is mainly due to the defInition of the coordinates that delimitate the object-space. The quantity of points dramatically grows with the required detail level of the object. The coordinates set may be defmed and adjusted point by point, to obtain a good quality design. This task is time consuming, thus expensive. The 3D graphic defInition is a hard job in which one of the most complex problems is the difficulty to represent the 3D workspace using only 2D devices (such as mouse, 2D screen, 2D scanner). The presently available specifIcation devices are either not easy to use or very expensive. The users generally work with conventional 2D devices, but it is necessary to emulate a 3D space. This abstraction overloads the application fIeld of each function which accordingly trends to become ambiguous. The proposal of this paper is to reduce the defInition time by proposing a device design that would be able to work as a 3D digital pointer, the BEE. The 3D pointer (BEE) is designed to provide, in a practical and easy to handle way, 3D coordinates to the workstation which will generate the computerized graphic defmition. The BEE allows the automatic capture of each object coordinate. Once the relevant points have been captured, the corresponding coordinates can be used to derive primitive objects (using lines, curves, arcs, planes, surfaces). Those primitive objects can then be used to form a complex object. The system uses the BEE as a kind of 3D mouse with the capacity to point at any point of the object space.

GrafOLog: a Visual Language for a Logic with Objects

GrafOLog is a visual programming language for the representation of knowledge expressed in a logical form. In this paper we mainly describe our graphical formalism and discuss its semantics. Although very simple, this formalism is very powerful and avoids the use of Prolog variables. We end this paper with a discussion of possible applications of our system: database interfacing, Prolog teaching, debugging and proof explanation. The latter is given by a graphic definition of the inference in GrafOLog.

Understanding receiver-operating-characteristic curves: a graphic approach.

Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves describe the relationship between signal and noise and were developed to compare different radar devices [i , 2]. ROC curves have gained increasing popularity in radiology for comparing different test and tester combinations [3]. In an earlier issue of AJR [4], a graphic definition of the commonly used efficacy terms sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was presented. A similar graphic approach can be used to explain ROC curves. The diagram in Figure 1 defines sensitivity and specificity. The horizontal axis (x-axis) denotes the outcome of a test from normal to abnormal. The outcome in the diseased group is plotted above the x-axis, and the outcome in the normal group is plotted below the x-axis.

Absolute electronegativity and hardness correlated with molecular orbital theory

The concepts of absolute electronegativity, chi, and absolute hardness, eta, are incorporated into molecular orbital theory. A graphic and concise definition of hardness is given as twice the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Useful correlations can now be made between chemical behavior, visible-UV absorption spectra, optical polarizability, ionization potentials, and electron affinities.

Distributed Digital Control: Practical Considerations for Design and Implementation

Distributed Digital Control is a reality. And this paper addresses what the author perceives as the most important practical considerations in designing and implementing distributed digital control systems. In order to put the discussion in proper perspective, a brief introduction/background is presented along with a graphic definition of what constitutes distributed digital control. The body of the paper deals with: the human engineering aspects, e.g., operator's interface, control room design and utilization; equipment questions such as reliability, failure modes and their effects, and remote installation; operations considerations regarding backup for controls and displays; and systems issues, e.g., communication links, system security, and the distribution of control functions. Finally, the potential advantages and disadvantages of distributed digital control compared to centralized control are considered in practical terms.

Kinetocardiographic findings in aortic insufficiency

The purpose of this communication is to present kinetocardiographic (low-frequency precordial movements) findings in patients with aortic insufficiency. Kinetocardiograms actually represent precisely defined precordial movements and impulses that are palpated routinely at the bedside. Thus the graphic definition may aid in understanding these commonly noted physical findings.