Graphical Context Research Articles

Artificial intelligent Global Online Learning (GOL) theory by generalized n-ary fuzzy relation

Following the devastating COVID pandemic, a new global strategy is required to switch from traditional education to blended or online learning method. Nevertheless, there is no adamant theoretical base available for such an important transition or similar situations in the future. On the other hand, educational systems encounter uncertainty as an integral part of multilayered teaching routes. To analyze the interactions among interconnected entities, soft computing methodologies can serve as an efficient tool to manage such systems with uncertain information through incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for assessing students performances. Nevertheless, the classical binary fuzzy relation and other existing theoretical models are not capable of explaining/configuring uncertain-based datum for multiplex correlations. To fill these gaps, the present study establishes a neoteric AI-base “Global Online Learning (GOL) theory” using the newly developed n-ary relation and n-ary fuzzy relation as the generalization of classical and binary fuzzy relations. Through the enhanced mathematical concepts and intelligent soft computing techniques, the convoluted multilayer relationships of entities can be punctiliously assessed for different values of n. Furthermore, a network-based perspective is proposed as a promising systematic model when systems are imperfect and prone to uncertainty. In the provided graphical context, the n-ary relation represents the hypergraph pattern, while the n-ary fuzzy relation refers to the generalized fuzzy hypergraph model. Fundamental characteristics of n-ary fuzzy relation, including reflexive, symmetric, transitive, composition, t-cut, support and Cartesian product, are systematically provided to extract mathematical interrelated expressions, as well as parametric connection between t-cut and Cartesian product. Based on the n-ary fuzzy relation, the n-ary fuzzy hyperoperation “∘ρ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\circ _{\\rho }$$\\end{document}” is assigned to construct fuzzy hyperalgebra as the extension of classical algebra with illustrative examples. The relationships between fuzzy hyperalgebra and hyperalgebra are investigated through the notation of (∘ρ)t\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\circ _{\\rho })_{t}$$\\end{document} for t∈(0,1].\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$t\\in (0,1].$$\\end{document} With the introduced t-cut methodology, the corresponding hypergraph is derived to simplify the analysis of educational information. The AI-base GOL theory provides a solid gadget for learning data management, e.g., the grading evaluation of online assessments, where the evaluation of components is accomplished on real data in terms of fuzzy n-ary relation, t-cut and support through a graphical attitude. The results indicate that the AI-base GOL theory is a robust platform to meticulously manage and control uncertain-based intercorrelated information. This platform can be converted into a coding gadget for artificial intelligent educational online mega-systems.

Mixing Linters with GUIs: A Color Palette Design Probe.

Visualization linters are end-user facing evaluators that automatically identify potential chart issues. These spell-checker like systems offer a blend of interpretability and customization that is not found in other forms of automated assistance. However, existing linters do not model context and have primarily targeted users who do not need assistance, resulting in obvious-even annoying-advice. We investigate these issues within the domain of color palette design, which serves as a microcosm of visualization design concerns. We contribute a GUI-based color palette linter as a design probe that covers perception, accessibility, context, and other design criteria, and use it to explore visual explanations, integrated fixes, and user defined linting rules. Through a formative interview study and theory-driven analysis, we find that linters can be meaningfully integrated into graphical contexts thereby addressing many of their core issues. We discuss implications for integrating linters into visualization tools, developing improved assertion languages, and supporting end-user tunable advice-all laying the groundwork for more effective visualization linters in any context.

Combined use of the extended theory of connections and the onto-semiotic approach to analyze mathematical connections by relating the graphs of f and f’

The literature reports that students have difficulties connecting different meanings, multiple representations of the derivative, and performing reversibility processes between representations of f and f’. The research goal is to analyze the mathematical connections that university students establish when solving tasks that involve the graphs of f and f’ when the two functions do not have associated symbolic expressions. Seven students from the first year of undergraduate studies in mathematics from a university in southern Mexico participated. For data collection, two tasks involving the graphical context of the derivative were applied. An analysis of the mathematical activity was carried out by the participants with the analysis model proposed by the onto-semiotic approach, and thematic analysis with types of mathematical connections from the extended theory of connections was carried out to infer the connections made in that mathematical activity, which allowed us to consider the reversibility connection between the graphs of f and f’ as the encapsulation of a portion of the mathematical activity. Four students establish the reversibility relationship between the graph of f and the graph of f’. It has been concluded that some students can establish the reversibility connection between the graphs of f and f’, but the complexity of the mathematical activity that encapsulates the connection explains (by showing everything that the student must do) why some students are not able to establish it.

Doom or Deliciousness: Challenges and Opportunities for Visualization in the Age of Generative Models.

Generative text-to-image models (as exemplified by DALL-E, MidJourney, and Stable Diffusion) have recently made enormous technological leaps, demonstrating impressive results in many graphical domains-from logo design to digital painting to photographic composition. However, the quality of these results has led to existential crises in some fields of art, leading to questions about the role of human agency in the production of meaning in a graphical context. Such issues are central to visualization, and while these generative models have yet to be widely applied in visualization, it seems only a matter of time until their integration is manifest. Seeking to circumvent similar ponderous dilemmas, we attempt to understand the roles that generative models might play across visualization. We do so by constructing a framework that characterizes what these technologies offer at various stages of the visualization workflow, augmented and analyzed through semi-structured interviews with 21 experts from related domains. Through this work, we map the space of opportunities and risks that might arise in this intersection, identifying doomsday prophecies and delicious low-hanging fruits that are ripe for research.

Student Understanding of the Sign of Negative Definite Integrals in Mathematics and Physics

In a study of student understanding of negative definite integrals at two institutions, we administered a written survey and follow-up clinical interviews at one institution and found that “backward integrals”, where the integral was taken from right to left on the x-axis, were the most difficult for students to interpret. We then conducted additional interviews focused on backward integrals at a second institution. Our analysis uses the concept image framework and a recent categorical framework for mathematical sense making. We found that students were most successful using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to determine the sign of an integral when a symbolic expression was provided. When considering a definite integral in a graphical context, students often had difficulty if they viewed the integral as a spatial area, stating that area must always be positive. Some students were able to conceptualize Delta x or dx as a difference or change and thus a signed quantity; when these students were able to view the area as a sum of smaller pieces, they were more successful in justifying a negative backward integral. Students who used amounts or similar images often had difficulty making sense of the negative sign. Even more progress was made when students either invoked or were asked explicitly about a specific physical context to be represented by the backward integral, other than spatial area. The context provided a meaning to the difference represented by Delta x or dx and thus to the sign of that difference and the definite integral.

Визуальная репрезентация освободительной войны России на Балканах в журнальной графике 1870-х годов

The article is devoted to the visual representation of the foreign policy goals and national interests of Russia on the eve and during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. The author analyzes the historical context of graphics works in Russian illustrated magazines of the 1870s. The article reveals the historical and cultural features of the formation of the concept of Russia’s liberation war in the Balkans by means of magazine graphics. The joint contribution of periodical and fine art (military correspondents, artists, editorial offices and magazines) in creating the concept of liberation war is emphasized.

Applying Sonification to Sketching in the Air With Mobile AR Devices

With more and more mobile devices (such as smart phones and tablets) supporting augmented reality (AR), using these devices to sketch in mid-air has become a popular application direction. However, due to the small display size of these devices, the user's field of view is limited and cannot see the context of graphics, which leads to the drawn graphics deviating from their expectations. In this article, we applied sonification technology to mid-air sketching with mobile AR device, and proposed a new method to address this problem. In our first experiment, we verified the feasibility of our method. Our experimental results showed that sonification can effectively reduce the deviation caused by a narrow field of view. In our second experiment, we further explored the application ability of this method in a wider range of sketching. Our experimental results showed that sonification can improve the aspect ratio of the drawn graphics. In addition, the results of the NASA-TLX questionnaire showed that the participants' mental demand and effort decreased significantly, and their subjective performance increased significantly. We proposed a new method, which can effectively improve the accuracy of mid-air sketching with a mobile AR device.

Conjoint Analysis Models of Digital Packaging Information Features in Customer Decision-Making

Product packaging has a great influence on customers’ decision-making and shapes purchase intentions. The graphic message is the crucial component of this impact. Digital presentations of goods are ubiquitous, therefore understanding how graphical features influence customer decisions is of enormous theoretical and practical importance. Despite the interest, the role of specific factors and their combinations is still unclear, especially if medium-involvement products are concerned. Since only a few studies have considered this context, this research examines how eight variants of a digital presentation of cordless kettle packaging influence purchase willingness, which was derived from pairwise comparisons using eigenvectors. The experimental conditions differed in three factors: the existence of a product graphical context, a brief or extended product description, and white or black packaging background color. Results of analyses of variance and conjoint analyses revealed a significant role of all examined effects, with the background color being the least influential. The best-rated designs included graphical context and extended textual information. There were also some meaningful gender-related differences revealed by conjoint analyses. The black background color was much more important for females than males. The outcomes broaden our knowledge on people’s perception of packaging design graphical factors, and their impact on purchase decisions.

Acquisition of Novel Concrete and Abstract Words Through the Textual and Graphical Context

Abstract words, due to the absence of material referents, are more difficult to learn and process than concrete ones (the concreteness effect). Here, we have investigated this effect by assessing the outcomes of concrete and abstract word learning provided by meaningful textual or graphical contexts. Five tasks including Free recall, Reco­gnition, Lexical decision, Definition, and multiple-choice Semantic judgment tasks were used to assess the success of the acquisition of newly learnt words at lexical and semantic levels. Within-group analysis revealed the concreteness effect in both experimental groups. However, it was more pronounced after a graphical than a textual presentation (in three tasks vs one) supporting the crucial role of the non-verbal (imagery) system in learning of concrete words. Between-group analysis showed more accurate Recall and Definition of concrete nouns as well as better performance of both types of words in terms of Definition quality in the graphical group in comparison with the textual one. However, participants from the textual group recognised novel abstract words better than the other learners. Interestingly, only one between-group difference that was found for abstract words in the Definition task (definition quality) reached significance after the Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons. The results show that (1) concrete and abstract word processing may have partly distinct cognitive mechanisms, and (2) visual associations may play a crucial role in the semantic acquisition, especially for concrete words.

Undergraduate basic sciences and engineering students’ understanding of the concept of derivative

Derivative is one of the most important topics in calculus that has many applications in various sciences. However, according to the research, students do not have a deep understanding of the concept of derivative and they often have misconceptions. The present study aimed to investigate undergraduate basic sciences and engineering students’ understanding of the concept of derivative at Tehran universities on based the framework of Zandieh. The method was descriptive-survey. The population included all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who passed Calculus I. The sample included 604 students being selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling. The measurement tool was a researcher-made test for which the reliability coefficient was obtained using Cronbach's alpha (r=.88). Inspired by Hähkiöniemi’s research, nine tasks on derivative learning were given to the students. The students’ responses were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive responses. The results indicated that students have no appropriate understanding of the basic concepts of derivatives in numerical, physical, verbal, and graphical contexts. Basic sciences students performed meaningfully were better in understanding the tangent line slope compared to engineering students, while engineering students performed meaningfully were better than basic sciences students in the rate of change.

A Model for Spatially Disaggregated Trends and Forecasts of Diabetes Prevalence

A multilevel model (allowing for individual risk factors and geo- graphic context) is developed for jointly modelling cross-sectional dierences in diabetes prevalence and trends in prevalence, and then adapted to provide geographically disaggregated diabetes prevalence forecasts. This involves a weighted binomial regression applied to US data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, specically totals of diagnosed diabetes cases, and populations at risk. Both cases and populations are dis- aggregated according to survey year (2000 to 2010), individual risk factors (e.g., age, education), and contextual risk factors, namely US census divi- sion and the poverty level of the county of residence. The model includes a linear growth path in decadal time units, and forecasts are obtained by ex- tending the growth path to future years. The trend component of the model controls for interacting inuences (individual and contextual) on changing prevalence. Prevalence growth is found to be highest among younger adults, among males, and among those with high school education. There are also regional shifts, with a widening of the US \diabetes belt".

A Model for Spatially Disaggregated Trends and Forecasts of Diabetes Prevalence

A multilevel model (allowing for individual risk factors and geo- graphic context) is developed for jointly modelling cross-sectional dierences in diabetes prevalence and trends in prevalence, and then adapted to provide geographically disaggregated diabetes prevalence forecasts. This involves a weighted binomial regression applied to US data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, specically totals of diagnosed diabetes cases, and populations at risk. Both cases and populations are dis- aggregated according to survey year (2000 to 2010), individual risk factors (e.g., age, education), and contextual risk factors, namely US census divi- sion and the poverty level of the county of residence. The model includes a linear growth path in decadal time units, and forecasts are obtained by ex- tending the growth path to future years. The trend component of the model controls for interacting inuences (individual and contextual) on changing prevalence. Prevalence growth is found to be highest among younger adults, among males, and among those with high school education. There are also regional shifts, with a widening of the US \diabetes belt.

The Enlightenment and Application of Traditional Paper-cut Art to Graphic Design Based on Big Data

The traditional Chinese folk paper-cutting art has a long history. It is a traditional folk art form created by working people to satisfy their spiritual and material pursuits. It originates from life and returns to life. With the pace of the times, folk paper-cutting has undergone an innovative transformation and development through the interweaving, penetration and integration of contemporary design concepts. Through the combination of network big data, it provides a large number of references for modern graphic design decoration and function combination, graphic context inheritance, color language, modeling language, etc.

ConceptGraph: A Formal Model for Interpretation and Reasoning During Visual Analysis

AbstractIn order to discuss the kinds of reasoning a visualization supports and the conclusions that can be drawn within the analysis context, a theoretical framework is needed that enables a formal treatment of the reasoning process. Such a model needs to encompass three stages of the visualization pipeline: encoding, decoding and interpretation. The encoding details how data are transformed into a visualization and what can be seen in the visualization. The decoding explains how humans construct graphical contexts inside the depicted visualization and how they interpret them assigning meaning to displayed structures according to a formal reasoning strategy. In the presented model, we adapt and combine theories for the different steps into a unified formal framework such that the analysis process is modelled as an assignment of meaning to displayed structures according to a formal reasoning strategy. Additionally, we propose the ConceptGraph, a combined graph‐based representation of the finite‐state transducers resulting from the three stages, that can be used to formalize and understand the reasoning process. We apply the new model to several visualization types and investigate reasoning strategies for various tasks.

Polyphony, the Memory of Earth’s Voice

Albanian and international cultural heritage couldn’t be understood without Polyphony and vice versa, Polyphony would be an endangered value if it was not included and valued as one of the main limbs of cultural heritage. Studies have shown that in it, Polyphony is not and constitutes only a value of the past but at the same time and manner it represents even the most representative features of contemporaries. It still preserves the identity characteristics which have defined it as one of the most original genres of folklore, which testifies to its non-alienation over the centuries against the assimilative spirits that have described the History of Albania. Many local and foreign critics have shed light on and analyzed the artistic evidence of polyphony in different regions, the forms of interpretation and the features of the lyrics in its entirety as well as the history and graphical context. In addition to different opinions, unanimity but also polemics and in different ways of view on this cultural and artistic phenomenon, all scholars have shed light and treated Polyphony from different perspectives by continuously completing the research angle and at the same time emphasizing on its role and importance in preserving and further strengthening the identity of the Albanian society, despite the conditions and influences from other cultures that have described the Albanian socio-cultural climate. Despite the different points of view in period of time spanning, Polyphony is considered as a space where verse joins the sound in completed harmony between them, preserving intact the form and peculiarities of artistic interpretation, as a sign the directness of the country and the role it has played in tradition, as well as in the contemporary and at the same time the future that does not tend to tear or touch this foundation of our society.

Реальная и экзотическая Сибирь в повести Всеволода Иванова «Возвращение Будды»

The article examines two opposing images of Siberia, created in the story of Vsevolod Ivanov “The Return of the Buddha”. It is noted that the main feature of the writer’s works of the early 1920s critics both at home and abroad called it “the discovery of Siberia”, while emphasizing that “East and Asia prevail in Vsevolod Ivanov’s Siberia” (A. Voronsky). In the story “The Return of the Buddha” in the description of Siberia during the Civil War the terrible realities are emphasized: destruction, insurrections, famine, cruelty both on the part of the white guards and on the part of the Reds, against the background of which the representatives of the Soviet power are very ironically given. Exotic Siberia has different, extended spatio-temporal boundaries and includes the legend of the 300 th awakening of the Buddha, told to the hero of the story by the Mongol Dava-Dorzhchi, as well as the verses of Chinese poets given in epigraphs to its chapters. The real sources of the legend texts (“Encyclopedic Dictionary” by F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron) and poems of ancient Chinese poets – the scientific work of V. M. Alekseeva “Chinese poem about a poet. Stansi Sykun Tu (837–908). Translation and research with attachment of Chinese texts” (Petrograd, 1916). The author of the article shows that, despite the formal remoteness of the spatial coordinates of this exotic world from Siberia, their inextricable connection is affirmed in the story. Exotic Siberia, as the author of the article proves, is a part of the vast, mysterious East – the world of high spirit, selfless devotion, faith and freedom acquired by man. Ivanov’s idea that the East, and not the West, is the focus of spirituality and culture is considered in the article in the historical, political and bio- graphical contexts of the early 1920s. In the policy of Soviet Russia, it was at this time that a turn to the East was taking place – the preparation of elements of the Asian orientation of the world revolution. However, for Ivanov, as the author of the article shows, the East is by no means an oasis of the future communist society. His understanding of the East and West is much closer to the concepts of philosophers, authors of the books “Exodus to the East. Premonitions and accomplishments. Approval of the Eurasians” (1921) and “Oswald Spengler” and “The Decline of Europe” (1922). The biographical realities of the life of the writer, who in 1921 came from his native Siberian East to the West – to Petrograd, could also contribute to the creation of a spiritualized and attractive image of Siberia in the story “The Return of the Buddha”.

Choosing between alternative spellings of sounds: The role of context.

We investigated how university students select between alternative spellings of phonemes in written production by asking them to spell nonwords whose final consonants have extended spellings (e.g., ‹ff› for /f/) and simpler spellings (e.g., ‹f› for /f/). Participants' choices of spellings for the final consonant were influenced by whether they used one letter or more than one letter to spell the preceding vowel. Specifically, participants tended to use extended consonant spellings when they spelled the vowel with one letter and simple consonant spellings when they spelled the vowel with more than one letter. This held true whether the vowel was phonologically short or long. The findings pose problems for models of the spelling process according to which people use different spellings of a phoneme in accordance with the frequency of the phoneme-to-grapheme links in the vocabulary as a whole but in which the choices are not influenced by context. The findings also pose problems for models according to which phonological context but not graphic context can influence the choice among spelling options. Models that behave in this manner, including the best-developed computational model of the spelling process to date, need to be modified so as to take graphic context into account. (PsycINFO Database Record

Maurice Ravel’s “Color Counterpoint” through the Perspective of Japonisme

1. IntroductionIt's been given to [Ravel] to bring back into French music.. . . At first he was taken for an impressionist. For a while he encountered opposition. Not a lot, and not for long. And once he got started, what production!--Leon-Paul Fargue, 1920s (quoted in Beucler 1954, 53)Don't you think it slightly resembles the gardens of Versailles, as well as a Japanese garden?--Ravel describing his Belvedere, 1931 (quoted in Orenstein 1990, 475)In Japanizing his garden, Ravel made unusual choices, like his harmonies. His love for the style japonais responded to his own taste for what was precious and perfect. Did he not have a small salon where le Japon brought together the most incongruous of objects?--Helene Jourdan-Morhange 1938 (196)[1.1] This article develops an aesthetic orientation called color inspired by Ravel's dedication to fantasy as evidenced by his fascination with Chinese and Japanese art and calligraphy. Drawing upon visual and literary Japonisme in France--the impact of style japonais on the Parisian arts and letters--I provide a historical and graphical context to demonstrate how Ravel's musical textures may have been shaped by East Asian pictorial imagery. Music analyses focus on selected textures in Habanera, and Le grillon (from Histoires naturelles), and are compared to the opening measures of Jeux d'eau and the Sonata for Violin and Cello. I chose these textures not only to illustrate a particular analytical technique, but also to illuminate a particular method of interpretation.[1.2] The first premise guiding my methodology is Ravel's musical textures are best understood as being miniaturist and almost visual. Miniaturism is defined here as the craft of expressing profundity or intensity of feeling within a limited space or time. Texture is defined as a phenomenon generated by a type of additive process, as explained by Ralph Turek:Additive process: A compositional technique frequently employed by Stravinsky and other twentieth-century composers in which a texture is created through the gradual superposition of diverse and unchanging elements. These elements (a melodic figure, a rhythmic ostinato, and so on) typically are heard separately at first. Their subsequent combination and recombination in various registers and instrumental groups may be seen as a form of development. (Turek 1992, 551)Ravel's additive approach to texture, I will argue, involves structures in miniature.(1) My second premise, in the words of art historian Simon Shaw-Miller, is that no such easy division between 'music' and 'image' or 'music' and 'vision' can be made, even with classical music, vision shadows (2013, xiii). Through an interpretive analysis grounded in historical viewpoints and a consideration of the composer's inclinations toward miniaturism, I propose a strong familiarity with style japonais as a visual language offers a clearer conceptual awareness of Ravel's musical language and overall aesthetic.[1.3] Through my conception of counterpoint, I investigate the sensations and possible meanings of particular additive attributes and behaviors: contrapuntal layering of textural elements, strict immediate repetition, and temporal juxtaposition of contrasting elements. as applied to sound avoids narrower definitions focusing on instrumental timbre alone and encompasses ornamental gestures in instrumental music and vocal coloratura. Counterpoint communicates the polyphonic nature of diverse gestures and prolonged streams of musical texture coming in simultaneous or nearly simultaneous contact with one another.(2) Color counterpoint expresses the music's mesmerizing undercurrents can induce the sensation of floating or flying or the feeling of a dancer travelling across a stage, even in music has traditionally been studied in terms of machine-like repetition. …

Brand Values: Exploring the Associations of Symmetry within Financial Brand Marks

Design Management JournalVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 62-71 Article Brand Values: Exploring the Associations of Symmetry within Financial Brand Marks Jamie Marsden, Jamie MarsdenSearch for more papers by this authorBriony Thomas, Briony ThomasSearch for more papers by this author Jamie Marsden, Jamie MarsdenSearch for more papers by this authorBriony Thomas, Briony ThomasSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 July 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/dmj.12004Citations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume8, Issue1October 2013Pages 62-71 RelatedInformation

Derivative, maxima and minima in a graphical context

A deeper learning of the properties and applications of the derivative for the study of functions may be achieved when teachers present lessons within a highly graphic context, linking the geometric illustrations to formal proofs. Each concept is better understood and more easily retained when it is presented and explained visually using graphs. In this article, we explore the conditions of necessity or sufficiency of the criteria for determining the maxima and minima of a function. The implications for the teaching of derivatives and functions in undergraduate courses are discussed in light of our analysis of textbooks.