Graphene Nanoplatelets Particles Research Articles

Infrared on-site heating for material extrusion additive manufacturing of carbon fiber filled polyphenylene sulfide and its nano-graphene-reinforced alternatives

This study investigates the impact of infrared heating and annealing on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF-PPS) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced CF-PPS composites in Material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing. GNP/CF-PPS composites are prepared by mechanically mixing CF-PPS plastic particles with GNP particles and subjecting them to infrared heating and annealing treatments during the three-dimensional (3D) printing process. Three-point bending tests assess the mechanical properties of the samples. The results reveal that the 0.03 wt.% GNP/CF-PPS sample, subjected to infrared heating followed by annealing, exhibits a 30% increase in bending strength compared to pure CF-PPS, demonstrating that the combined treatment significantly enhances mechanical performance. Microscopy observations using a Keyence VH7000 digital optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirm that GNP addition and infrared irradiation lead to reduced surface roughness and fewer fracture cross-sectional pores. The interlayer bonding improves notably, indicating enhanced internal density and structural stability. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows a 20% increase in crystallinity for heat-treated samples, contributing to better interlaminar bonding and reduced temperature gradients during printing. Finite element simulations using MATLAB and ABAQUS software corroborate these findings, demonstrating that infrared heating proves more effective than varying GNP content alone in reducing deformation, residual stress, and temperature differences during the MEX process. These results provide valuable insights into improving the mechanical properties and stability of MEX-manufactured large-dimensional composite materials through optimized thermal management.

The role of cavitation in the toughening of elastomer nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets

The toughening of different types of elastomers through the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) has been investigated. Both the tear strength and tearing energy are increased significantly through a combination of mechanisms such as debonding, pull-out and cavitation. The processes that occur ahead of a tear/crack tip in natural rubber filled with GNPs have been monitored in situ using synchrotron-based nanoscale X-ray computed tomography. The GNP particles are found to debond and form voids that grow under stress leading to considerable energy absorption. The mechanisms of cavitation and void growth are analysed theoretically and it is shown that voids need to be larger than ∼1 μm in size to grow in the triaxial tensile stress field ahead of the tear/crack tip. The high level of cavitation and void growth found for the elastomers filled with micron-sized GNP particles is suggested to be the reason why these nanocomposites have a high tear resistance.

Co-cured GNP films with liquid thermoplastic/glass fiber composites for superior EMI shielding and impact properties for space applications

In this study, we explored the potential of manufacturing high concentration Graphene Nano-Platelet (GNP) films using liquid thermoplastic Elium® resin. A novel approach was adopted to co-cure manufactured GNP films with glass fiber reinforced Elium® composites to achieve superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and impact properties. The flexible GNP films were prepared using different concentrations (2 and 5 wt%) of GNPs mixed within the Elium® resin. The glass fiber/Elium® composites were prepared by infusing the liquid thermoplastic resin and simultaneously co-curing the manufactured GNP films on a heated resin infusion tool surface. The GNP films were placed at different locations within the composite i.e., as an outer layer for EMI shielding and within the laminate for impact performance. After resin infusion, the impact test specimens were hot pressed above the glass transition temperature of the Elium® resin for better dispersion of GNPs within the composite. The manufactured composites exhibited excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of more than 32 dB and impact energy absorption, strength, and stiffness increase in the order of 105 %, 48 %, and 45 % respectively, when compared with pristine Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (GFRPCs). The results reveal the remarkable potential of the proposed manufacturing technique to achieve superior and tailorable EMI shielding and impact performance of GFRPCs without issues of agglomeration of GNP particles at high concentrations for different space-related applications.

A simple atomization approach enables monolayer dispersion of nano graphenes in cementitious composites with excellent strength gains

Carbon nano additives (CNAs) are critical to achieving the unique properties of functionalized composites, however, controlling the dispersion of CNAs in material matrix is always a challenging task. In this study, a simple atomization approach was successfully developed to promote the dispersion efficiency of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in cement composites. This atomization approach can be integrated with the direct, indirect and combined ultrasonic stirrings in a homemade automatic stirring-atomization device. Mechanical and microstructure tests were performed on hardened cement pastes blended with GNPs in different stirring and mixing approaches. Results show that the direct ultrasonic stirrings enabled more homogeneous dispersions of GNP particles with a smaller size for a longer duration. The atomized droplets with the mean size of ∼100 ​μm largely mitigated GNPs’ agglomerations. Monolayer GNPs were observed in the cement matrix with the strength gain by up to 54%, and the total porosity decrease by 21% in 0.3 ​wt% GNPs dosage. The greatly enhanced dispersion efficiency of GNPs in cement also raised the cement hydration. This work provides an effective and manpower saving technique toward dispersing CNAs in engineering materials with great industrialization prospects.

Nano-silika ve GNP Hibrit Nanoparçacık Takviyeli Tek Bindirmeli Bağlantıların Kesme ve Kırılma Özellikleri

In the current study, the effects of hybrid nanoparticles on the shear and fracture behaviours of adhesively bonded single lap joints (SLJs) using Aluminum substrates were investigated. To this aim, nano-silica and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) particles were used as filler materials in Araldite 2014-2 epoxy-based adhesive. The SLJ samples prepared at seven different configurations were subjected to lap shear tests. Additionally, macro and SEM views taken from damaged surfaces of the samples were examined to understand the influence of nanoparticle addition on the fracture characteristics of the joints. The experimental findings showed that all nanoparticle-doped samples, whether single or hybrid, exhibited remarkable improvements in shear strength compared to pure ones. The maximum improvements were obtained from the H2 sample having 1 wt.% nano-silica and 0.5 wt.% GNP. The maximum shear strength was 13.62 MPa which was 213% higher than pure samples (4.35 MPa). It was determined that some toughening mechanisms such as crack deviation, crack bridging and plastic void formations had a crucial role in the enhancements of the samples. However, higher amounts of nanoparticle inclusion such as H4 (1.5 wt.% nano-silica+1 wt.% GNP) showed a decrease in shear strength, compared to the maximum one, due to the material degradation caused by agglomerations. In conclusion, nano-silica and GNP particles proved they could be used together by exhibiting a synergetic effect in the adhesive joints.

Thermally Conductive Molten Salt for Thermal Energy Storage: Synergistic Effect of a Hybrid Graphite-Graphene Nanoplatelet Filler.

Renewable energy technologies depend, to a large extent, on the efficiency of thermal energy storage (TES) devices. In such storage applications, molten salts constitute an attractive platform due to their thermal and environmentally friendly properties. However, the low thermal conductivity (TC) of these salts (<1W m-1 K-1) downgrades the storage kinetics. A commonly used method to enhance TC is the addition of highly conductive carbon-based fillers that form a composite material with molten salt. However, even that enhancement is rather limited (<9W m-1 K-1). In this study, the partial exfoliation of graphite to graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) in a molten salt matrix is explored as a means to address this problem. A novel approach of hybrid filler formation directly in the molten salt is used to produce graphite-GnP-salt hybrid composite material. The good dispersion quality of the fillers in the salt matrix facilitates bridging between large graphite particles by the smaller GnP particles, resulting in the formation of a thermally conductive network. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid composite (up to 44W m-1 K-1) is thus enhanced by two orders of magnitude versus that of the pristine salt (0.64W m-1 K-1).

The role of filler aspect ratio in the reinforcement of an epoxy resin with graphene nanoplatelets

The mechanisms of reinforcement of an epoxy resin by the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) has been studied in detail. It is found that the addition of GNPs increases both the stiffness and fracture toughness of the epoxy resin. The dependence of the flexural modulus upon the volume fraction of the GNPs has been modelled using a combination of the rule of mixtures and shear lag analysis and it is shown that the reinforcement is controlled principally by the aspect ratio (length/thickness) of the GNPs. The dependence of the fracture energy upon the GNP volume fraction has been modelled assuming failure takes place through the debonding of the GNP particles followed by their pull-out and it is again shown that the aspect ratio of the GNPs is a vital parameter in controlling the level of toughening. It is found that the behaviour can be modelled using a similar value of GNP aspect ratio to model both the flexural stiffness and fracture behaviour, demonstrating the importance of this parameter in controlling the mechanical properties of GNP/epoxy resin nanocomposites.Graphical abstract

Self-Assembly and Sorting of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Spherical Colloidal Particles via Sessile Droplet Evaporation in Saturated Alcohol Vapor

We investigated the dried deposit patterns of quasi-two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on hydrophilic glass via aqueous sessile droplet evaporation in a saturated alcohol vapor atmosphere. In addition, we studied both the size- and shape-dependent self-assembly and self-sorting of colloids by employing droplets containing bidispersed suspensions comprising GNP and bulk three-dimensional colloidal particles, e.g., polystyrene microspheres (PS). We report distinct self-sorting regimes as the PS diameter Dp varies between 0.1 and 6.4 μm. Under ambient air, the droplet evaporation does not yield discernible self-sorting between GNP and PS. Under saturated alcohol vapor, a critical Dp = 1.1 μm exists, for which the self-sorting does not occur. For Dp < 1.1 μm, the PS sort out from the bidispersed suspension to form the outermost ring of the deposit. The deposit pattern reverses for Dp > 1.1 μm, and GNP deposit on the outermost edge. We corroborate experimental observations with a theoretical model based on the size- and shape-dependent interfacial forces between the colloids.

Calculation of the degree of crystallinity of HDPE/GNPs nanocomposites by using various experimental techniques: a comparative study

This work is a comparative study of four different techniques to determine the crystallinity of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites filled with different diameter sizes (5, 15 and 25 μm) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) at various amounts (0.5–5 wt%). The structure of HDPE/GNPs nanocomposites was extensively studied by using different experimental methods, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. To further provide a complete comparison, differential scanning calorimetry measurements were utilized to calculate the crystallinity values, while temperature-modulated DSC was employed to investigate the possible mechanism of the different crystalline structures. It was found that these methods can be used to estimate the crystallinity, but the sample parameters and experimental conditions must be taken into consideration. All the techniques showed that the crystallinity depends on GNPs size and content. The distance between dispersed platelets was substantial at low concentrations of GNPs, making it comparatively easy for additional nucleation sites to incorporate the polymer matrix, and the crystal nucleus was simply formed. However, at high concentrations of GNPs, the diffusion of polymer chains to the growing crystallites was hindered by large GNPs particles, despite the formation of additional nucleation sites.

Taguchi approach for comparative optimization of tribological behavior of glass fabric reinforced epoxy composite with and without graphene-nano platelets filler

In the present research work, the tribological behavior of glass fabric reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composite was investigated under different weight percentages (wt%) of graphene nano-platelets (GNP). The composite specimens with different weight percentages (0.5 wt%) and (1 wt%) of GNP are used as filler material. Experimental study conducted on a pin on disk wear testing tribometer TR20 by using the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L934 and the disk was made of steel (EN31) having a hardness of (HRC60). There are four specimen parameters viz. normal load, filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance that are used for testing parameters. Taguchi’s DOE, the S/N ratio, and ANOVA results were applied to determine the optimum level and to identify the most significant process parameters affecting the COF and the SWR. From the experimental results, the performance of GFRE composite considerably improves with the increased inclusion of GNP particles, whereas wear resistance increases negligibly with the inclusion of 1 wt% of GNP as compared to 0.5 wt% of GNP. The FESEM analysis of the worn surface has been used to examine the wear behavior and the abraded surface of tribological samples.

Graphene nanoplatelet filled elastomer composites; influence of different matrices on the dispersion, electrical and mechanical properties

AbstractThis work aims to correlate the dispersion tendencies and the cause/effect relationships that are generated when a carbonaceous nanofiller is disseminated in three different elastomer matrices. We have incorporated graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) into three different elastomer matrices, namely polychloroprene rubber (CR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) at different concentrations. The composites were fabricated by a dual mixing technique, which facilitates dispersion and the formation of a network‐like structure. This method improves the electrical conductivity of the final composite by enhancing the electron mobility and also improves the mechanical properties. GnP particles are very well dispersed and show an optimum concentration of 5 phr in CR, 8 phr in HNBR, and 10 phr in EVA with respect to their mechanical properties. In addition, modeling of the electrical conductivity was performed for the EVA‐GnP composite within the delineations of the existing conductivity models for a better understanding of the mechanism of electrical conduction. The EVA‐GnP seems to be the best fit for a composite material possessing enhanced mechanical as well as electrical properties for various applications.

Influence of graphene nanoplatelets geometrical characteristics on the properties of polylactic acid composites

The influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) surface area and size on the dispersion, electrical percolation behavior, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuation, and EMI attenuation mechanisms of GNP/polylactic acid (PLA) were investigated. The GNP/PLA composite's electrical percolation threshold decreased with the increase in GNP surface area and decrease in GNP size. The higher number of GNP particles associated with the decrease in GNP size and increase in GNP surface area facilitated the creation of a conductive network at a lower GNP content. However, at a GNP loading of 30 wt%, the GNP/PLA composites' electrical, EMI SE, and thermal conductivity decreased with the increase in GNP surface area and decrease in GNP size. At high nanofiller loading, the contact resistance between the nanofiller particles is more important than the nanofiller aspect ratio or size. The smaller filler size means more particles and more filler/filler resistance points. The most exciting finding is the dependence of EMI attenuation mechanisms on the GNP surface area. EMI attenuation by absorption was found to increase with the increase in GNP surface area.

PEDOT-graphene counter-electrode for solar and improved artificial light conversion in regular, bifacial and FTO-less cobalt mediated DSSCs

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are emerging as an attractive indoor photovoltaic technology to address the challenge of sustainable powering wireless sensor nodes for Internet of Things (IoTs) and low power consuming electronics. This study reports on new highly electrochemically active PEDOT:PSS (PP) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composite layer with protruding morphology as counter-electrode for Co(III/II) mediated DSSCs. The PP:GNP counter-electrode layer displays an apparent activation energy (Ea) for charge transfer with Co(bpy)3+/2+ ions of 6.2 kJ•mol−1, almost twofold lower than pristine PP. The fraction of oxidized EDOT units in the polymer increased upon graphene nanoplatelets doping; the work function of PP:GNPs catalyst was best suited to the Co(bpy)3+/2+ redox potential than pristine PP. Despite the significant difference in the catalytic activity, conventional DSSCs with PP and PP:GNP counter-electrodes display similar power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.0% and 10.7%, respectively, under 1-Sun illumination. A considerable advantage of the PP:GNP counter-electrode layer emerges under artificial light; DSSCs with PP:GNP cathode render PCE of 29.7% at 1000 lx, surpassing the counterparts with PP counter-electrode. Protruding from the PP matrix film, GNPs particles shorten the effective diffusion path for Cobalt ions and decrease the device resistance; higher photocurrent is possible under low power illumination. Transparency of ca. 65% in the visible region and superior electrical conductivity of the PP:GNP films allow using them in FTO-less bifacial devices; DSSCs with bare soda-lime glass substrates for the cathode displayed a PCE of 9.4% under 1-Sun and 21.9% and 18.7% under 1000 lx, for front and back illumination respectively. This makes PP:GNP counter-electrode very attractive for the cost-effective DSSCs targeting indoor light conversion.

Investigating on the influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanoplatelet additives on residual strength of bonded joints subjected to partial fatigue loading

AbstractAdhesively bonded joints in engineering structures, especially automotive body structures, inevitably experience long or limited fatigue loading conditions. In this article, the shear strength of steel bonded lap joints reinforced by multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were evaluated after being subjected to limited fatigue loading cycles. For this purpose, three specimen groups of neat, MWCNT, and GNP‐reinforced joints (with 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt% contents) were prepared. After performing the static lap shear tests, fatigue testing of each specimen group was conducted under a maximum fatigue load of 50% of its average static failure load until complete separation of the substrates. Accordingly, limited fatigue loadings were applied to each specimen group for 30%, 50%, and 70% of its total fatigue life, and subsequently, a second‐round static testing was performed to evaluate the residual strength of the joints. The results revealed that the maximum static shear strength improvements of MWCNT and GNP‐reinforced joints were associated with incorporating 1.0 and 0.5 wt% particle contents. Moreover, for 0.2 and 0.5 wt% contents, the static strength of the joints reinforced by GNPs was 3.4% and 3.9% greater than that of MWCNTs reinforced joints. On the contrary, for 1.0 and 2.0 wt% filler contents, specimens including MWCNTs had 9.1% and 18.6% higher strength than GNP‐reinforced ones. The highest fatigue life enhancements of 34.1% and 31% were obtained by adding 1.0 and 0.5 wt.% of MWCNT and GNP particles to the adhesive, respectively. It was concluded that, for 0.2 and 0.5 wt% contents, nanoparticle type did not have a noticeable effect on the residual strength of the joints after being subjected to fatigue loading for 30% of its total life. The specimens subjected to 50% and 70% of their total fatigue life indicated a minimum loss in the shear strength for the joints reinforced by dispersing 1.0 wt% of MWCNTs.

Graphene Particles Interfere with Pro-Inflammatory Polarization of Human Macrophages: Functional and Electrophysiological Evidence.

The interaction of two types of fragmented graphene particles (30-160nm) with human macrophages is studied. Since macrophages have significant phagocytic activity, the incorporation of graphene particles into cells has an effect on the response to functional polarization stimuli, favoring an anti-inflammatory profile. Incubation of macrophages with graphene foam particles, prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and commercially available graphene nanoplatelet particles does not affect cell viability when added at concentrations up to 100µg mL-1 ; macrophages exhibit differential quantitative responses to each type of graphene particles. Although both materials elicit similar increases in the release of reactive oxygen species, the impact on the transcriptional regulation associated with the polarization profile is different; graphene nanoplatelets significantly modify this transcriptomic profile. Moreover, these graphene particles differentially affect the motility and phagocytosis of macrophages. After the incorporation of both graphene types into the macrophages, they exhibit specific responses in terms of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption and electrophysiological potassium currents at the cell plasma membrane. These data support the view that the physical structure of the graphene particles has an impact on human macrophage responses, paving the way for the development of new mechanisms to modulate the activity of the immune system.

Investigation of Structure-Property-Boiling Enhancement Mechanisms of Copper/Graphene Nanoplatelets Coatings

In this work, we present an exceptionally high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) achieved by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and copper composite coatings with tunable surface properties. These coatings were created by a combination of powder metallurgy and manufacturing processes including ball milling, sintering, electrodeposition, and salt-patterning. We demonstrated correlations between various coating processes, resultant surface morphologies, properties, and improved boiling mechanism. Electrodeposition of GNP and copper particles led to formation of tall ridge-like structures and valleys to contain the boiling fluid in between. Higher CHF achieved for these coatings was attributed to the microlayer evaporation. It was observed that ball milling of GNP and copper particles prior to their sinter-coating enhanced their surface roughness that resulted in very high HTC, nearly 5.4 times higher than plain copper surfaces. Additional salt-patterning along with sinter-coating yielded interconnected porous networks with high nucleating activity that rendered record-breaking HTC of 1,314°kW/m2-°C. Combination of these coating processes can be adopted to tailor the surfaces and achieve better boiling performance. Novel techniques developed in this work can be applied to a variety of thermal engineering applications.

A Facile and Scalable Approach in the Fabrication of Tailored 3D Graphene Foam via Freeze Drying.

One of the challenges in the processing of advanced composite materials with 2D reinforcement is their extensive agglomeration in the matrix. 3D architecture of 2D graphene sheets into a Graphene Foam (GrF) assembly has emerged as an effective way to overcome agglomeration. The highly reticulated network of branches and nodes of GrF offers a seamless pathway for photon and electron conduction in the matrix along with improved mechanical properties. 3D GrF nano-filler is often fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, which demands high energy, slow deposition rate, and restricting production to small scale. This work highlights freeze-drying (FD) technique to produce 3D graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) foam with a similar hierarchical structure to the CVD GrF. The FD technique using water as the main chemical in 3D GNP foam production is an added advantage. The flexibility of the FD in producing GNP foams of various pore size and morphology is elucidated. The simplicity with which one can engineer thermodynamic conditions to tailor the pore shape and morphology is presented here by altering the GNP solid loading and mold geometry. The FD 3D GNP foam is mechanically superior to CVD GrF as it exhibited 1280 times higher elastic modulus. However, thermal diffusivity of the FD GNP foam is almost 0.5 times the thermal diffusivity of the CVD GrF due to the defects in GNP particles and pore architecture. The versatility in GNP foam scalability and compatibility to form foam of other 1D and 2D material systems (e.g., carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes, and boron nitride nanoplatelets) brings a unique dimensionality to FD as an advanced engineering foam development process.

Graphene nanoplatelets composite membranes for thermal comfort enhancement in performance textiles

AbstractThe advent of 2D nanostructured materials as advanced fillers for polymer matrix composites has opened the doors to a plethora of new industrial applications requiring both electric and thermal management. Unique properties, in fact, can arise from accurate selection and processing of 2D fillers and their matrix. Here, we report an innovative family of nanocomposite membranes based on polyurethane (PU) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), designed to improve thermal comfort in functional textiles. GNP particles were thoroughly characterized (through Raman, atomic force microscopy, high‐resolution TEM, scanning electron microscope), and showed high crystallinity (ID/IG = 0.127), low thickness (D50 &lt; 6–8 layers), and high lateral dimensions (D50 ≈ 3 μm). When GNPs were loaded (up to 10% wt/wt) into the PU matrix, their homogeneous dispersion resulted in an increase of the in‐plane thermal conductivity of composite membranes up to 471%. The thermal dissipation of membranes, alone or coupled with cotton fabric, was further evaluated by means of an ad hoc system designed to simulate a human forearm. The results obtained provide a new strategy for the preparation of membranes suitable for technical textiles, with improved thermal comfort.

Composition dependence in surface properties of poly(lactic acid)/graphene/carbon nanotube composites

The surface properties of nanofillers and surface/interfacial interactions between fillers and matrix play crucial roles in the control of the properties of composites, especially considering hybrid materials used in biomedical, electronic and energy applications. In the present work, we investigate the surface properties of mono-filler and bi-filler composites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared by melt extrusion method. Zeta potential, contact angle (surface energy), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the interaction between PLA matrix, GNP and MWCNTs particles, and also to characterize filler-polymer composite properties at the surfaces of the film. The effect of filler loading in the GNP/PLA and GNP/MWCNT/PLA composite films surface properties was investigated using surface Zeta potential by streaming and Contact angle measurements. The results suggest that the surface characteristics of the composite film may be synergistically tuned by incorporation of GNPs and MWCNTs with controlling the filler contents and filler combinations.

Tribological characterization of hybrid aluminum composite under boundary lubricating sliding conditions

Tribological behaviour of hybrid aluminium composite is studied under lubricated sliding conditions. The scope of this study is to determine the fundamental tribological properties of grapheme as secondary reinforcement and to evaluate its performance under boundary lubricating conditions. The hybrid aluminium composite is fabricated by rapid spark plasma sintered processing route. Variable concentration of Graphene Nano platelets (GNP) [0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt%] is added to the Al-Si-6 wt% Al2O3 composite. The lubricant used is PAO base oil and SAE20W50 Engine oil. The effect of the load and sliding distance is studied on the ball-on-disc tribometer. It is reported that COF remain stable with the increasing sliding distance (90 m–450 m) and decrease with the increasing load (10 N −40 N) and then attain a steady stable value after 40 N to 80 N load. The possibility behind the low friction and wear is the exceptional lubricating effect of the GNP particles layer which mixes with the lubricating oil. The GNP particle layer are the 2D Nano particles that form a low shear stress junction protective layer at the sliding interface, which cause easy shear because of weak Vander wall force drastically reduce friction and wear of the hybrid composite.