Grant Authorization Research Articles

공익사업의 공익성 협의 제도 입법정책 과제

Land acquisition is a government action that restricts the property rights of citizens and, furthermore, can cause special losses. In order for such government actions to be justified, not only a high level of public interest is required but also a thorough verification of the public interest for the project in which land acquisition is granted is necessary. Therefore, as part of the means to strengthen the verification of public interest, the government has been implementing the public interest consultation procedure in accordance with the “Act on the Acquisition of and Compensation for Land for Public Works Projects” since July 2019.
 Accordingly, when the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport intends to grant a project approval, he or she shall consult with the Central Land Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the Tribunal) (Article 21, Paragraph 1 of the Act). Furthermore, when a person who has the authority to grant permission, authorization, or approval for a public works project for which project approval shall be deemed to be granted intends to designate an area or approve a project plan for which project approval shall be deemed to be granted, such person shall consult the Tribunal (Article 21, Paragraph 2 of the Act).
 However, the public interest consultation procedure faces challenges in terms of the undetermined criteria for assessing public interest, a lack of specialized personnel within the Tribunal, and issues regarding the Tribunal's independence, etc. Therefore, this study aims to examine legislative trends related to the public interest consultation procedure since its introduction in 2019 and make legislative policy recommendations and improvement tasks related to it from a legislative perspective.

People Identification based on Geometric Face Features for Cloud Services

Recently, the services provided by cloud computing play an important role in many areas of life. The security component represents the major challenge that hinders the adoption of cloud services in banking, healthcare and other transactions. In this paper, secure identification approach is proposed to use cloud services by recognizing authorized persons based on facial features. In the proposed approach, the face image is sent to the cloud side without any processing. When it is received in the cloud side, the image is processed and the geometric features are extracted using moment features extractor. The features of the face are used during the matching phase by using two different classifiers to make the final decision to grant authorization to access cloud services. The experimental results showed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach. The performance is test using many facial images with online applications. Where an overall accuracy level of approximately 96% was obtained.

In Case You Haven't Heard…

From the what's in a name department … If you're used to seeing Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment block grant, sometimes referred to as the Substance Abuse Block Grant, the omnibus bill late last December got rid of the nomenclature. What for years we have called SAPT BG or SABG is now called the SUPTRS (Substance Use Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services) Block Grant. This is new language designed to get “abuse” out of the name. Interestingly, the agency still in charge of the grant, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), has not had a name change yet. (Senior media advisor Chris Garrett told us: “SAMHSA appreciates that the FY23 Omnibus made changes to several programs to remove the stigmatizing and inaccurate use of the word ‘abuse.’ We look forwarding to continuing to work with Congress to eliminate the use of the word in other places in the statute in the future.” Our comment on this – SAMHSA employs people with the most open, non‐stigmatizing views toward substance use – than any other federal agency.) Also interestingly, really, preventing all substance use? And one more interesting fact: There is no recovery set‐aside in the block grant, which is the money that groups wanted. States, of course, are free to put their block grant money — whatever it's called — wherever the block grant authorization allows.

The published trend of studies on COVID-19 and dietary supplements: Bibliometric analysis.

There are no guidelines on dietary supplements for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, we would like to analyze and discuss the above confusion through the bibliometric analysis. On 3 September 2022, we conducted a search of all relevant literature retrieved from the WOS core collection database from 2019 to 2022. CiteSpace software is used to build the visual co-occurrence network. In the study of "COVID-19 and Dietary Supplements", the total of 170 authors published 855 articles in 451 journals. Several distinct core author groups were formed by Wang, Grant, Singh, Zhu, and other authors with numerous publications. The majority of the publications came from the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The United States of America had the highest number of publications. By analyzing keyword clusters, we found that the research focus was dietary supplements (vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C), mechanisms (ferritin, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), oxidative stress), research methods (clinical trials), and the prevention and treatment strategies (lockdown) of COVID-19. vitamin D is the mainstream dietary supplement for COVID-19. There are still numerous controversies that deserve further discussion. Such as whether the use of vitamin D or TCM offers benefits, and whether the addition of dietary supplements during the lockdown measures can help prevent COVID-19 infection.

Dissipation rate and exposure risk of trifloxystrobin in dry climatic field environments

The investigation of the magnitude of residues after application of a pesticide is important to ensure consumer safety and is also a regulatory requirement to grant authorization. To address those issues, the behavior of trifloxystrobin residues was investigated in outdoor strawberry and cucumber cultivations, following the recommended and more critical agricultural practices under Egyptian dry climatic conditions. Fruits were collected at several pre-harvest intervals and analyzed with the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction protocol followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantitation of the method was 0.001 mg kg−1. When trifloxystrobin was applied on the field, the half-lives were 2.4 days in cucumbers and 6.2 days in strawberries. Risk assessment showed that chronic and acute dietary exposure to residues following the investigated agricultural patterns are of no concern to consumers.

The people behind the papers – Zoe Grant, Tim Thomas, Anne Voss and Leigh Coultas

Abstract The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (KAT1) is required for histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation, which is crucial for embryonic development. A new paper in Development reveals that, in the vascular system, HBO1 is required in endothelial cells for sprouting angiogenesis regulation. To hear more about the story, we caught up with first author Zoe Grant and senior authors Professor Anne Voss, Associate Professor Tim Thomas and Leigh Coultas, Business Development Manager, from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Australia.

ПРИВАТНИЙ ТЯГОВИЙ РУХОМИЙ СКЛАД НА МАГІСТРАЛЬНИХ КОЛІЯХ. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ ПРИВАТНИХ ЛОКОМОТИВІВ

The article deals with the procedures for certification of private locomotives in order to grant authorization for their operation on certain public railway lines. The special feature of the certification is that, as a rule, locomotives belonging to departments, enterprises and organizations that are not within the management sphere of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" and were not previously used on public railway lines of Ukraine, but are now presented for participation in the project, can be of several types, different years of construction, have different diesel operating hours (SMU hours), different degrees of wear of the mechanical part of load-bearing structures, wheelsets, trolleys, couplings, braking equipment, different technical condition of measuring instruments, safety devices and air tanks, devices security, etc. Therefore, the article presents the provisions of certification schemes (models) that can be used by the certification body for the certification of single locomotives and batches of private locomotives, and their aspects. The paper also presents the basic normative documents according to which certification procedures are carried out. The key aspects of existing certification testing of locomotives are specified. The scope of work on technical diagnostics of locomotives for certification is described. The procedure and duration of the direct certification process are given taking into account the analysis of documentation, technical inspection, provision of expert evaluation, selection and identification of a sample (samples) of a representative item from the batch submitted for sampling, certification testing, processing and registration of test results, comprehensive conclusion on compliance of the locomotive with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, decision-making on the possibility (or impossibility) of issuing a certificate.

Insights into toxicology, safety pharmacology, and drug dependence testing: The performance and predictive values of nonclinical tests

The pre-marketing testing of drugs and chemicals is now a paradigm of contribution to the safeguard of public health. As pointed out by the ICH concept paper E14/S7B, there is a need for science-based frameworks that allow a better design, conduction, and interpretation of nonclinical and toxicity tests, particularly, in order for those assays to influence nonclinical and clinical evaluations and decisions better. Critical issues related to the performance and predictive values of nonclinical testing were highlighted and discussed in this article, specifically, to help pharmacologists, toxicologists, and regulators in the evaluation of the reliability of such tests, and basing the prospective decisions on the true predictivity of selected screening tests. This review addressed two common mistakes in drug and chemical testing, namely, (a) the assumption of either sensitivity or specificity as automatically “predictive,” and (b) the reporting of the predictive values disregarding a truly representative prevalence. This review also discussed a statistical basis to apply for (industry standpoint) or grant (regulatory standpoint) authorization for the waiving of selected nonclinical tests. Furthermore, this review can be guiding for those who are entering into the field of drug and chemical testing. Through application, investigation, and enhancement of the conceptual framework discussed in this review, nonclinical testing is expected to provide a higher contribution to drug and chemical development, regulatory science, and public health.

Paternity Rights of Authors under Iraqi and English Law: A Comparative Study in the Field of Copyright and Author Rights

Abstract Historically, Iraqi law has followed the Latin approach in the ambit of civil law, while English law is the creator of the ‘common law approach’. This has had an effect on the Iraqi doctrine for the protection of works in the field of intellectual property law. Therefore, Iraqi author rights have followed French law which grants authors many, in particular moral, rights on their works whilst English law restricts the rights of the author in kind of the moral rights. However, both laws grant authors important ‘paternity rights’ that prevent anyone from using a work without first receiving license from the author. Due to its importance in both laws, this article will try to explain paternity rights and its differences in Iraqi and English laws. This article will examine the scope paternity rights under both systems of law.

Organización de los servicios de Vacunación Internacional en España

Los Centros de Vacunación Internacional en España son los encargados de la atención sanitaria preventiva de los viajeros internacionales en todo el territorio nacional. Son centros de titularidad pública, pero de dependencia administrativa diferente, según sean centros de Sanidad Exterior, dependientes del Gobierno central (Ministerio de Sanidad) o centros de los servicios autonómicos de salud, que funcionan en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas bajo la figura de la encomienda de gestión, ya que en España se considera la vacunación internacional como parte intrínseca de la Sanidad Exterior y, como tal, es una competencia exclusiva del Estado. Esta organización ha dado lugar a diferentes prestaciones, sistemas de atención al usuario y costes, según la región y el tipo de centro al que acude cada viajero, resultando en un sistema complejo de entender y poco equitativo. La organización de la vacunación internacional en España, además, difiere de la mayoría de los países del mundo, ya que no existen en la práctica centros privados que ofrezcan este servicio, siendo únicamente un servicio de la sanidad pública, con lo que el coste para los usuarios es sensiblemente menor que en la gran mayoría de los países de Europa o en EEUU y Canadá. La falta de centros privados de vacunación internacional en España se debe fundamentalmente a la imposibilidad de prescribir y administrar la vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla, ya que, hasta ahora, el Ministerio de Sanidad no concede autorización para dicha administración a ningún centro privado.

Blokčejn kao pravni fenomen - uvodna razmatranja

One of the major directions in IT development is the emergence of Blockchain technology, which is rooted in the concept of distributive ledger technology (DLT). Blockchain is based on the use of a cryptographically protected chain of transaction blocks containing information. Blockchain technology becomes relevant in economic exchange as it lowers costs and adds efficiency to transactions` implementation. The key quality of blockchain is that it ensures the authenticity of digital data; trust in the traditional legal relationship has been replaced by digital verification of data in blocks. Verification of digital data by tracing transaction blocks is identical to a hard copy ledger: blocks function as bookkeeping inputs of a digital manager. The blocks are functionally equal to sheets of paper, used by all participants to enter their transaction and sign it. In doing so, they grant authorization to all previous paper transactions. The foregoing process continues as long as there is space on paper available. When the sheet is filled, it is secured with a stamp and new transactions are recorded on a new sheet of paper which, once filled, is linked to the previous paper (secured with the signature and a stamp on the margin between the first and second paper). A functionally identical activity occurs in the framework of blockchain technology. As the important phenomenon, blockchain raises legal issues that have to be addressed in the process of its implementation. Currently, the legal regulation of blockchain is at the stage of developing customs, which are likely to be translated into standards relevant to this technology. Standards are a discretionary regulatory framework in the form of private law regulation; in essence, it is a software-driven expression of traditional contracts, translated into programming languages. The relevant doctrine labels this process as "legal engineering". An example of this development is the legal regime of "Smart Contracts". These contracts constitute the next stage in the development of blockchain deployment; they are based on a cryptographic process enabling the execution of contracts once the preconditions contained in the program code are satisfied. The emerging legal regulation of blockchain will not rule out the existing legal norms; rather, they will operate simultaneously and complementarily.

A Key Management of Security to Design Enhanced Apache and Rhino Utilities in Big Data Using Hadoop

Hadoop is a dispersed information dispensation platform intended for investigate big data. Information is emergent at a massive value in the current charity. Entity of the best part popular knowledge existing intended for managing and dispensation to facilitate vast quantity of information is the Hadoop environment. Present be disparate conduct to accumulate and development huge quantity of information. Hadoop is broadly utilized, lonely of the majority popular strategy to accumulate enormous quantity of information and progression them in equivalent. at the same time as store insightful information, security performing an significant responsibility to stay it secure. Security is not that greatly measured while Hadoop be primarily projected. The early utilize of Hadoop was association huge quantity of shared network information so privacy of the accumulate information and. essentially user services in Hadoop be not authenticated; Hadoop is projected code on a disseminated compilation of technology so exclusive of correct authentication and any person might present and it would be implement. The outstanding Utilities encompass in progress to extend the protection of Hadoop. These utilities are using Enhanced Rhino Utility and Enhanced Sentry Utility. Enhanced Rhino develop splittable crypto codec to deliver encryption intended for the information to facilitate is accumulate in Hadoop dispersed conspirator organization. Moreover develop the essential authentication by execute Hadoop single sign on which prevents repeated authentication of the users accessing the same services with various times. While the authorization point of examination Enhanced Rhino utility deliver severance based authorization designed for Hbase. Enhanced Sentry utility give fine-grained entrance organizes by behind responsibility based authorization which different services can be bound to it to grant authorization for their users. It is probable to merge security enhancements which cover the Enhanced Rhino utility and Enhanced Sentry Utility to supporting get enhanced the presentation and offer enhanced mechanism to secure Hadoop. In this paper, the security of the organization in Hadoop is assess and different security enhancements to be proposed, enchanting into inspection security enhancement comprehensive by the two utilities, Enhanced Rhino utility and Enhanced Sentry utility, in provisions of encryption, authentication, and authorization. This paper proposes a number of sophisticated security improvements on the federal authentication and organization implementation made by enhanced Rhino Utility based on the HDFS data encryption scheme using the ARIA encryption algorithm on Hadoop.

A Novel Multi-Level Security Technique Based on IRIS Image Encoding

Providing highly secured access to restricted or private areas has become highly required these days, mainly due to terrorism threats. One method of security is no longer sufficient, hence the term and technology of a “multi-level” security system was developed by integrating more than one security procedure, on both hardware and software levels. This research provides a simple, cheap, easily achievable, yet highly secured multi-level security system to control access through doors. The system integrates IRIS scan authentication, innovative IRIS image encoding, encrypted of mobile communication, and multipoint Control Unit (MCU) Security as main procedures of security. The system’s novelty shows in the encoding and encryption of IRIS image data that is acquired by a mobile phone before it is sent to the authentication site, where it is decrypted by a cheap and fast MCU to retrieve the IRIS image that is fed into a Neural Network in order to grant authorization to the user.

PHP383 - Adaptive Reimbursement Model: How to Correlate The Price to The Level of Evidences During The Entire Drug Life Cycle

Accelerated processes are defined by Regulatory to grant authorization for therapies with high unmet medical needs often based on limited, or preliminary set of evidences. This high degree of uncertainty makes reimbursement decision a complex exercise and can lead to negative decisions: Delay of reimbursement, deferring access of innovative treatment to patients; Negative reimbursement while treatment may demonstrate its incremental benefits at a later stage, preventing patients’ access to innovative treatments; Positive reimbursement while treatment may not have any incremental benefits at a later stage, negatively impacting budget to detriment of effective treatment. Additional flexibility in reimbursement is needed where Italy, leveraging their existing infrastructure can pioneer adaptive reimbursement. Four Practical Recommendations were derived: Foster greater collaboration between Regulatory and decision makers (Adaptive Pathways and PRIME) to ensure HTA evidence standards are met; Run early HTA advice to collect feedback from decision makers; collect real-life evidences leveraging AIFA registry; Set simple, clear criteria when defining exit strategy; must consider cases with negative results to decide whether to continue reimbursement or withdraw treatment from the market; Pricing agreement must be financially sustainable for both parties; use Managed Entry Agreement with fair risk sharing. The need for adaptive reimbursement model is clearly recognized by decision makers and pharmaceutical companies. The most significant hurdle is to define the price agreement and prevent pharmaceutical companies to price at the high end of the market. Conversely, a lack of belief in the decision makers’ ability to increase pricing persists. Thanks to AIFA system, Italy shall pilot a concrete example of adaptive reimbursement model to create confidence in the approach.

How Automation Can Help Alleviate the Budget Crunch in Public Health Research.

In an era of severe funding constraints for public health research, more efficient means of conducting research will be needed if scientific progress is to continue. At present major funders, such as the National Institutes of Health, do not provide specific instructions to grant authors or to reviewers regarding the cost efficiency of the research that they conduct. Doing so could potentially allow more research to be funded within current budgetary constraints and reduce waste. I describe how a blinded randomized trial was conducted for $ 275,000 by completely automating the consent and data collection processes. The study used the participants' own computer equipment, relied on big data for outcomes, and outsourced some costly tasks, potentially saving $1 million in research costs.

Evaluation of an Internal Review Process for Grants And Manuscripts in the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group

All grants and manuscripts bearing the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group name are submitted for internal peer review before submission. The authors sought to formally evaluate authors' and reviewers' perceptions of this process. The authors developed, tested and administered two electronic nine-item questionnaires for authors and two electronic 13-item questionnaires for reviewers. Likert scale, multiple choice and free-text responses were used. Twenty-one of 29 (72%) grant authors and 16 of 22 (73%) manuscript authors responded. Most author respondents were somewhat or very satisfied with the turnaround time, quality of the review and the review process. Two-thirds of grant (13 of 20 [65%]) and manuscript authors (11 of 16 [69%]) reported one or more successful submissions after review. Changes made to grants based on reviews were predominantly editorial and involved the background, rationale, significance⁄relevance and the methods⁄protocol sections. Twenty-one of 47 (45%) grant reviewers and 32 of 44 (73%) manuscript reviewers responded. Most reviewer respondents reported a good to excellent overall impression of the review process, good fit between their expertise and interests and the grants reviewed, and ample time to review. Although most respondents agreed with the current nonblinded review process, more grant than manuscript reviewers preferred a structured review format. The authors report a highly favourable evaluation of an existing internal review process. The present evaluation has assisted in understanding and improving the current internal review process.

Exploiting P2P scalability for grant authorization in digital rights management solutions

Digital rights management solutions are today quite widespread. Their cost is still quite expensive, and thus in many cases, their application is limited to specific business cases. On the other hand, the market still offers large cases where scalable DRM solutions would find their applicability, for example the management of complex cross media content such as the one used for the educational content, for electronic medical record, etc. In this paper, the focus is on reducing DRM costs by solving scalability problems lying behind the complexity of granting authorizations and performing verification for a large number of users, content and rights associated with them. The proposed solution is based on the exploitation of the DHT P2P network and storage to cope with verification and grant authorization. The paper reports the structure of the DRM solutions, the details for including the DHT P2P into the DRM architecture. The paper also reports details on how the proposed P2P DRM solution can be integrated into traditional DRM solutions. The provided experimental results have proved the reduction of costs, the scalability against the aforementioned cases. The studies and solutions reported in this paper have been worked out and validated on top of MPEG-21/AXMEDIS DRM solutions and tools. On the other hand, the solution is general enough to be adapted in other DRM solutions.

Motivation for grant writing among academic librarians

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine motivation for grant writing among academic librarians.Design/methodology/approachLibrarians identified as successful grant authors were sent invitations to an online survey.FindingsThe data collected were analyzed in the context of existing studies of librarian motivation, especially those relating to academic publishing and entrepreneurship, as well as the theoretical frameworks of motivation, including those of Maslow and Herzberg.Originality/valueResults of the study should be useful to those in the library field interested in grant writing. No previous studies on this topic were located.

Diabetes management in the age of national health reform.

National health care policy is a relatively new concept in the U.S. with a rather tortured and painful past (1). President Theodore Roosevelt's initial efforts to establish national health insurance in 1912 failed. Twenty-three years later, his cousin Franklin Roosevelt incorporated Maternal and Child Health Grants into the original Social Security Act passed in 1935 in the midst of the New Deal. His successor, Harry Truman, attempted to extend medical care to the poor through grant authorization to the states, but met opposition from the American Medical Association, and both Senate and House versions of the bill foundered. Until recently, the Medicare and Medicaid programs signed into law by Lyndon Johnson in 1965 were the most significant legislation addressing health care delivery and financing in the U.S.—extending care to the elderly, the disabled, and the poor. Since then, many have tried to establish national coverage, but neither the Republicans nor the Democrats have had success. Richard Nixon's Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan in 1972 was very much like the Obama Plan presented in 2009, but was considered inadequate to meet the national needs by the Democratic opposition. The Clinton administration's attempt to introduce the Health Security Act was met with bipartisan opposition so fierce that the bill was never brought to the floor of either chamber for a vote. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 is clearly the most sweeping revision of health care delivery and finance since the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid. The questions surrounding it are numerous, and its impact remains to be seen; however, it is worthwhile to examine why health reform is necessary. Independent of the source of payment, per capita health care expenditures in the U.S. rose over the last 30 years from approximately $1,000 to $7,000 (adjusted for inflation) (Fig. …

Compassionate use of medicinal products

Law 25/1990 on Medicinal Products (published in BOE n. 306, 22 December), provides in Article 37.5 “Exceptionally the Minister of Health and Consumption may grant authorization, subject to the conditions expressed in it, for the prescription and application of ‘products undergoing clinical research to patients not included in a clinical trial, when the doctor, under his exclusive responsibility and with the express consent of the patient, considers it indispensable to treat him with them and justifying the reasons for undertaking such treatment to the health authority”. Art. 8.11 that sets out the Definitions defines a Product undergoing clinical research as ‘one which is destined to be employed only by experts qualified by their scientific training and experience for research in persons or in animals on their safety and efficacy’. Art. 6.2 establishes “The legal treatment of medicinal devices will be subject to the application of this Law and its general control of substances or combinations of substances especially qualified as ‘products undergoing clinical research’ authorised for their use in clinical trials or research on animals”. The Direction General of Pharmacy and Health Products on communication 12 February 1992 wrote “In exceptional cases and in accordance with Art. 38.5 of the above-mentioned Law (on Medicinal Products) authorisation may be granted for the importing of products undergoing clinical research for patients not included in a clinical trial, when the doctor, under his exclusive responsibility and with the express consent of the patient considers it indispensable and justifies its compassionate use”. This was the first time that the phrase ‘compassionate use’ was used in an official document although always limited to products undergoing clinical research. Only three years after the Law on Medicinal Products appeared, the Royal Decree 561/1993, 16 April, establishing the requisites for undertaking clinical trials with medicinal products (published in BOE 13May), in Art. 23.1 introduced the definition of compassionate use in the following terms: “Compassionate use is understood as the employment in patients isolated and outside a clinical trial, of products undergoing clinical research, or the employment of pharmaceutical specialities for diseases or