Granodiorite Monzogranite Research Articles

Geological and petrographical studies around Um Taghir area, Сentral Eastern Desert, Egypt

Um Taghir area is located in the northern extreme boundary of Central Eastern Desert of Egypt at the west of Safaga City. Um Taghir is represented by island arc related rocks and late to post tectonic magmatism. The island arc related rocks are represented by metavolcaniclastic sequences and metagabrroic rocks. Metavolcanoclastic rocks are considered as the older rock units of the study are and intruded by the metagabbro. The late to post tectonic magmatism is represented by (dokhan volcanic, gabbro, tonalite-granodiorite, monzogranite, alkali feldspar granites and different types of dikes). Usually, the gabbroic rock is bearing ilmenite lenses or bands in the bottom of the layered; this is related to magma rich of iron oxides. Petrographically, island arc assemblage is classified in to actinolite hornblende schist and metagabbro that show quite different of their content in plagioclase, hornblende, augite, quartz and biotite. Occasionally, the late to post tectonic magmatism represented by andesite, gabbro, tonalite, granodiorite monzogranite, alkali feldspar granites and different types of dikes. Andesite consists of plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar and hornblende. Gabbroic rocks are represented by pyroxene hornblende gabbro and leucogabbro. They show quite different of their content in plagioclase, pyroxene and clear difference in the content of both olivine and hornblende in both of them. While tonalite and granodiorite show quite different of their content in plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, alkali felspar and biotite. On the other hand, monzogranite and alkali feldspar granite, they show plagioclase is varying from oligoclase to albite; K-feldspars, quartz and muscovite are relatively more abundant in the alkali feldspar granite. Finally, the different types of dikes classified into granite, andesite, rhyolite and basalt dikes consist of the different mineral compositions.

Late Early-Cretaceous quartz diorite–granodiorite–monzogranite association from the Gaoligong belt, southeastern Tibet Plateau: Chemical variations and geodynamic implications

Geochemical variations in granitic rocks may be controlled by their source rocks, melting reactions and subsequent magmatic processes, which resulted from various geodynamic processes related to subduction, collision, or slab break-off. Here we report new LA–ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes, whole-rock chemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes for the late Early Cretaceous quartz diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite in the Gaoligong belt, southeastern Tibet Plateau. The zircon U–Pb dating yield ages of 113.9±1.6, 111.7±0.8, and 112.8±1.7Ma for the quartz diorite, granodiorite, and monzogranite, respectively, which are coeval with bimodal magmatism in the central and northern Lhasa sub-terrane. There are the distinct sources regions for the quartz diorite and granodiorite–monzogranite association. The quartz diorites are sodic, calc-alkaline and have high Mg# (52–54) values. They also have elevated initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.707019 to 0.709176) and low εNd(t) (−5.16 to −7.63), with variable zircon εHf(t) values (+5.65 to −9.02). Zircon chemical data indicate a typical crustal-derived character with high Th (142–1260ppm) and U (106–1082ppm) and moderate U/Yb ratios (0.30 to 2.32) and Y content (705–1888ppm). Those data suggest that the quartz diorites were derived from partial melting of ancient basaltic lower crust by a mantle-derived magma in source region. The granodiorite–monzogranite association has high-K calc-alkaline, weakly peraluminous characters. They show lower Nb/Ta (5.57 to 13.8), CaO/Na2O (0.62 to 1.21), higher Al2O3/TiO2 (24.4 to 44.4) ratios, more evolved whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic signatures, all of which suggest derivation from mixed basaltic and metasedimentary source rocks in a deep crustal zone. We propose that the granitic magmatisms at ca. 113–110Ma in the Gaologong belt was triggered by the slab break-off of Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.

Origin of Middle Triassic high-K calc-alkaline granitoids and their potassic microgranular enclaves from the western Kunlun orogen, northwest China: A record of the closure of Paleo-Tethys

The western Kunlun orogen, the northwest Tibet Plateau, occupies a key tectonic position at the junction between the Pan-Asia and the Tethyan tectonic domains. It is related to subduction of Proto- and Paleo-Tethys and terrane collision from early Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. This paper presents the first detailed SHRIMP zircon U–Pb chronology, mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of three Middle Triassic plutons (Yuqikapa, Muztaga and Taer) and their microgranular enclaves in the western Kunlun orogen. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Yuqikapa pluton was emplaced in the Anisian (~243Ma) and the Muztaga and Taer plutons that contain microgranular enclaves were emplaced in the Ladinian (234–227Ma). The Yuqikapa pluton is composed of peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline two-mica granites (monzogranite–syenogranite–alkali-feldspar granite), with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7071–0.7077, εNd (T) of −4.4 to −6.3 and εHf (T) (in-situ zircon) of −3.3. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that they were formed by “wet” anatexis of the Precambrian metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks in the continental collision (overthrust) zone. The Muztaga and Taer plutons consist of metaluminous to weakly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline granitoids (granodiorite–monzogranite), with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7052−0.7104, εNd (T) of −3.6 to −7.3 and εHf (T) (in-situ zircon) of −3.1 to −1.0. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that they were formed by partial melting of the Precambrian metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks in the normal lower-crust (<40km) for the Muztaga pluton and in the thickened lower-crust (~40–50km) for the Taer pluton, triggered by underplating of coeval (233–226Ma) mantle-derived enclave-forming magmas. The enclaves are basic (SiO2 48.0–51.6wt.%) to intermediate (SiO2 53.0–54.6wt.%) with high K2O (1.4–4.2wt.%). They generally have lower initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7034–0.7084) and high initial εHf (−1.1 to +1.2) than their respective host granitoids. The enclave magmas are considered to have been derived from the partial melting of subduction-modified mantle in the spinel stability field (<60km) (enclaves in the Muztaga pluton) and the spinel-garnet transition zone (~60–80km) (enclaves in the Taer pluton). Final closure of the Paleo-Tethys occurred in the Middle Triassic Anisian (~243Ma). The Middle Triassic Ladinian (234–227Ma) dates the post-collisional regime caused by Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab break-off.

Geochemistry of gabbros and granitoids (M- and I-types) from the Nubian Shield of Egypt: Roots of Neoproterozoic intra-oceanic island arc

The Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks of the Wadi Ranga area, Nubian Shield of Egypt, comprise gabbros and granitoids emplaced during oceanic island arc and post-collision stages. The plutonic rocks of the island arc stage include hornblende gabbros (Dabbah pluton), trondhjemite (Abu Ghalaga pluton) and tonalites with subordinate quartz gabbro and quartz diorite (Reidi and Abu Ghusun plutons), whereas the post-collision intrusives include granodiorite and monzogranite (Helifi-Hamata pluton). The gabbros and granitoids of the island arc stage are largely calcic, low-K rocks which have either tholeiitic (gabbro and trondhjemite) or transitional tholeiitic to calcalkaline nature (tonalites). On the other hand, the granitoids of the post-collision stage are medium to high-K calcalkaline rocks. All the investigated granitoids are metaluminous. The spider diagrams, with enrichment in LILE and strong Nb depletion, and the almost flat to slightly LREE-depleted REE patterns of the gabbro and trondhjemite are similar to those of the Wadi Ranga low-K tholeiitic basalts and silicic volcanics, respectively, suggesting that the gabbro and trondhjemite are the plutonic equivalents of the Wadi Ranga immature island arc extrusives, and they were derived from mantle source at the early immature island arc stage. Similar to the trondhjemite, the tonalites show LILE enrichment and strong Nb depletions on the MORB-normalized spider diagrams. However, the tonalites have REE patterns which are enriched in LREE (La/Yb=1.71–5.54). The derivation of the tonalites through fractionation of the same magma produced the trondhjemite seems unlikely. Therefore, high degree partial melting of juvenile basaltic arc crust is favoured for the origin of tonalites during a late immature island arc stage. The post-collision granitoids show considerable enrichment in LILE and to a lesser extent in HFSE, slight negative Nb anomaly and strong negative P and Ti anomalies relative to N-MORB. Their REE patterns are LREE-enriched (La/Yb=5–19), with negative Eu anomaly. These characteristics are consistent with origin through lower degrees of partial melting of old basaltic arc crust and subsequent fractional crystallization. The geochemical characteristics of the trondhjemite and tonalites, and the granodiorite–monzogranite classify them as M-type and I-type granitoids, respectively. The partly tholeiitic intrusives of the Wadi Ranga area (South Eastern Desert) have lower K2O, Rb and LREE compared to the M-type calcalkaline intrusives of the North Eastern Desert, implying northwardly dipping subduction zone.The geochemical similarities between the intrusives of Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic oceanic island arcs imply that they share similar style of subduction, which differs from that of the Archaean. The generation of high SiO2 (up to 74.5wt%), low K2O (0.56–1.78wt%) and slightly LREE-depleted trondhjemite in early immature oceanic island arc setting supports the arc origin of the primitive continental crust. Silicic magma production through partial melting of the early arc volcanic rocks during the evolution of the arc and the post-collision stage, drives the middle and upper oceanic arc crust towards a composition closer to that of the continental crust. The present study indicates that the intra-oceanic island arcs continued to play a role in the generation of the continental crust after the Archaean.

The significance of mafic microgranular enclaves in the petrogenesis of the Dehno Complex, Sanandaj–Sirjan belt, Iran

Quartz-monzodioritic and granodioritic enclaves occur in the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Dehno Complex, NW of Isfahan, Iran. They are hosted by hornblende-granodiorite and granodiorite–monzogranite, respectively. The presence of xenocrystic plagioclase, biotite, quartz, magnesio-hornblende, occasionally with relics of clinopyroxene (in quartz-monzodiorites), minor K-feldspar and the lack of peraluminous minerals dominate the mineralogy of these rocks and suggest a metaluminous source. The plagioclase in the quartz-monzodioritic enclaves has higher An-content than that of the respective plagioclase of their host (hornblende-granodiorite) indicating crystallization from more mafic magma. The quartz-monzodioritic enclaves generally contain higher values of Fe 2O 3, MgO, CaO, MnO, Na 2O, transition elements (Ni, Cr, Co, V), REE and lower values of SiO 2, K 2O, P 2O 5 and Zr than their host which are in consistent with occurrence of abundant ferromagnesian minerals in these rocks. Compare to their host, the granodioritic enclaves have higher amount of Fe 2O 3, MgO, MnO, TiO 2, P 2O 5, Rb, Zr, Y, Ni, Cr, Co and lower concentration of SiO 2, K 2O and Ba. Aside from hornblende-granodiorite and granodiorite–monzogranite, the Dehno Complex comprises leucogranodiorite and tourmaline-leuco granites. Geochemically, the rocks of the Complex are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous and are enriched in LILE (e.g. Rb, K, Sr, Ba) and depleted in HFSE (e.g. Nb, Ta, P, Ti, Zr, Hf) with medium to high-K calc-alkaline nature. These geochemical features are proposed for the volcanic arc granites emplaced in an active continental margin. Whole-rock and quartz δ 18O values for all rocks are high (9.7–14.4‰ and 10.1–14.9‰, respectively), suggesting the interaction of magma with crustal-derived components. The strongly peraluminous composition can be interpreted in terms of this hypothesis. All these mineralogical and geochemical features support the idea that the granitoid rocks of the Dehno Complex developed through variable degrees of mixing/mingling between a basic magma and a supracrustal melt during subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust beneath Central Iranian microcontenent. The quartz-monzodioritic enclaves most likely represent the nearest composition to the original more mafic magma. The granodioritic enclaves result from the mixing/mingling of globules basic magma with host granitic magma.

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Mesozoic granites in the NE Yangtze Block, China: further insights from the Jiuhuashan–Qingyang complex

AbstractThe Jiuhuashan–Qingyang complex is one of the Mesozoic granite complexes in the NE Yangzte Block, China. New petrographical and petrochemical data show that the complex comprises a dominant granodiorite–monzogranite, the Qingyang body, which was intruded by the Jiuhuashan granite body. The two are characterized by distinct mineral components and trace element patterns. Compared to the Qingyang granodiorite and monzogranite, the Jiuhuashan granite is enriched in Rb, Th, U, Nb, Ta, Hf, Yb and Lu, and depleted in Ba, Sr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Ti, which are ascribable to the separation of plagioclase and biotite, and crystallization of thorite and fergusonite during the magmatism. New LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the crystallization age of the Qingyang body is 139–133 Ma, and the Jiuhuashan granite followed at 127 Ma. Moreover, the new zircon U–Pb dates reveal that Archaean materials were involved in the formation of these magmas, and that a sodium-rich metasomatic event occurred at about 100 Ma. The CHIME monazite and zircon ages studied for the Jiuhuashan body agree well with the LA-ICPMS zircon ages. Integrating this information with previous studies for granites in the NE Yangtze Block and in the coastal area of SE China, we believe that all of these Late Mesozoic granites were produced under the tectonic regime of palaeo-Pacific plate subduction towards the SE China continent in a NW direction, but the granites in the NE Yangtze Block are basically derived by crustal melting with limited mixing of juvenile material during the magma generation.

Post-orogenic and anorogenic A-type fluorite-bearing granitoids, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Petrogenetic and geotectonic implications

The present study focuses on four A-type fluorite-bearing granitic plutons in the Eastern Desert of Egypt which are classified into post-orogenic subsolvus (Homrit Waggat, 535 Ma; Homer Akarem, 541 Ma and Ineigi, 571 Ma) and anorogenic hypersolvus (Gabal Gharib, 476 Ma) granites. All the granites are Si- and alkali-rich and Mg Ca Ti poor. Whereas both granite types appear relatively homogeneous in terms of most of their major and trace elements, they differ in that the subsolvus granites are depleted in TiO 2, FeO *, Ba, Sr and Zr and enriched in Rb and Y with respect to the hypersolvus granites. The two granite types, however, can be distinguished more easily by their rare-earth element (REE) patterns. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the hypersolvus granite display a gull-wing shape, characterized by a large negative Eu anomaly and moderate-to-high LREE contents. Relative to the hypersolvus granite, subsolvus granite is depleted in LREE and more enriched in HREE contents. The increase of HREE in the subsolvus granite is presumably caused by F complexing during the late stage of its evolution. This is supported by the abundance of fluorite veins cross-cutting the subsolvus granite. The negative Eu anomalies in the subsolvus granite point to the role of feldspars as residual phase in the source, and as a crystallizing phase during magmatic differentiation. Field relations, textural, mineralogical and geochemical data of the post-orogenic subsolvus granite are consistent with its derivation from a parental basic magma through crystal–liquid fractionation of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, amphibole, Fe Ti oxides, titanite, zircon, monazite and allanite. Crystallization occurred in a water-enriched and rather oxidizing environment, as a result of which the entire suite has a transitional character between that of a post-orogenic and an anorogenic setting. On the other hand, the most credible mechanism for the origin of the anorogenic hypersolvus granite is partial melting of I-type granodiorite–monzogranite source rocks in the study area.

Variscan collisional magmatism and deformation in NW Iberia: constraints from U–Pb geochronology of granitoids

U–Pb geochronology of Variscan granitoid rocks from the West Asturian Leonese Zone of the NW Iberian belt documents the episodic nature of magmatism in this section of the western European Variscides. Each magmatic episode is characterized by granitoids with distinct features and has a duration on the scale of several millions of years. The ages of these granitoids place new constraints on the age and duration of magmatic and tectonic events, that are consistent with previous structural studies and proposed models for the tectonic evolution and migration of deformation in the NW Iberian Variscan belt. Granitoid rocks in this zone belong to two main magmatic episodes (syn‐ and post‐tectonic relative to the Variscan Orogeny) and are broadly representative of the granitoid types found in the NW Iberian Variscan belt. The syntectonic association is formed by: (i) tonalite–granodiorite–monzogranite intrusions emplaced synchronously with the main phase of crustal deformation (D 2 ) at c. 325 Ma and (ii) younger leucogranite intrusions emplaced synchronously with syn‐convergence extensional structures at c. 320–310 Ma. The post‐tectonic association is composed of: (i) volumetrically dominant tonalite–granodiorite–monzogranite intrusions (and associated minor mafic‐intermediate rocks) emplaced at c. 295–290 Ma; and (ii) scarce leucogranite intrusions emplaced at c. 290–285 Ma.

Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data bearing on the origin of Pan-Africangranitoids in the Kid area, southeast Sinai, Egypt

The Kid plutonic suite in southeast Sinai, Egypt is composed of: (1) a gabbro–diorite complex; (2) quartz monzodiorite; (3) granodiorite–monzogranite association; (4) syenogranite. Major- and traceelement analyses and radiogenic isotope data (Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd and Pb/Pb) are presented for these rocks. Rb–Sr isochrons indicate ages of 581±11 Ma, 576±11 Ma and 570±4 Ma for the quartz monzodiorite–granodiorite–monzogranite association and syenogranite, respectively. The gabbro–diorite complex is a layered intrusion varying in SiO2 from 42 to 59 wt%. It shows a calc-alkaline trend, and the trace element characteristics of arc lavas. Subsequently, this magma fractionated to give quartz monzodiorite andsyenogranite magmas. The quartz monzodiorite has low initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.703) and high ɛ Nd values (+4.4±0.3), with trace element characteristics of volcanic-arc granites. The granodiorite–monzograniteassociation has higher initial Sr ratio (0.7044), lower ɛ Nd (+1.5–+2.7) and relatively high 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, significantly different from those of the older rocks. Isotopic data and REE modelling suggestthat it formed by partial melting of an early Pan-African amphibolitic lower crust. The syenogranite isa typical highly fractionated post-orogenic granite, with a deep negative Eu anomaly, HFSE and REEenrichment, a 87 Sr/ 86 Sr initial ratio of 0.7033, ɛ Nd of 4.5 &amp; 0.5 and distinct variations in the 206 Pb/ 204 Pbratio. The isotopic compositions of Sr, Nd and Pb indicate that the syenogranite and the quartzmonzodiorite are comagmatic. Increasing fluorine concentration from the quartz monzodiorite to thesyenogranite suggests that fluid fractionation involving fluorine complexing played an important role inthe genesis of the syenogranite. This process led to the enrichment of HFSE and HREE, to extensivefractional crystallization, to changes in the U/Pb ratios and a distinct variation in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb.

Calc-alkaline arc granitoid activity in the Sierra Norte-Ambargasta Ranges, central Argentina

A petrological and geochemical study of an area of approximately 750 km 2 has been carried out on representative lithological units of the extensive Sierra Norte-Ambargasta batholith (SNAB), in the Sierra Norte-Ambargasta range of the easternmost Sierras Pampeanas system of central Argentina. This batholith has intruded a dominantly metasedimentary basement of Precambrian age, which is mainly composed of quartzofeldsphatic-biotite or sericite-chlorite schists, and minor quartz-arenites of local distribution. The most primitive rocks of the magmatic sequence are diorite to tonalite microgranular enclaves (ME), which are included in the granodiorite-monzogranite (GM) basement. A large differentiated dacite-rhyolite (DR) stock intruded the earlier granitoids. All of these units were later intruded by highly evolved subalkaline granitoids (HESG) composed of miarolitic monzogranites, granite porphyries and large aplite dykes, which emplacement was controlled by old regional structural corridors. Geochemical parameters show that these granitoids series were derived from crystal fractionation of calc-alkaline magmas of metaluminous to weakly peraluminous composition. Discriminatory diagrams for tectonomagmatic settings, and the petrological and geochemical signature of the studied lithologies indicate that most granitoids of the intrusive sequence are the result of I-Type calc-alkaline magmatism. These granitoids are typical representatives of a precollisional volcanic arc environment, spatially related to an active continental margin. A significant chemical gap along the fractional crystallization trend separates the most evolved silica-rich granitoids from the less evolved units. This gap is attributed to the absence of representative magmatism of the syncollisional stage within the orogenic cycle. Silica and K-feldspar rich-rocks of the HESG-group are the result of intrusions that occured after the main magmatic activity, in a late-to post-orogenic tectonic setting. The occurrence of molybdenum, copper and other base-metal sulfides, associated with alteration assemblages that are common in porphyry systems, are in line with I-Type dacitic-rhyolitic magmatism in a volcanic arc geotectonic regime. Barren quartz-seriate greisen alteration is characteristic of the late-stage evolution of miarolitic monzogranites of the HESG-group. Radiometric ages for the SNAB granitoids suggest Upper Precambrian to Lower Paleozoic magmatic activity. Calc-alkaline arc magmatic activity of this age in the Sierra Norte of Córdoba, the easternmost block of the Oriental Sierras Pampeanas, raises the important question whether to assign the main magmatic activity of this region to the Pampean or to the Famatinian orogenic cycles. Our data suggest that the main igneous basement of the Sierra Norte-Ambargasta batholith consist of precollisional granitoids related to an orogenic cycle that most likely overlaps the G1 magmatic cycle of the Pampean orogen.