Granatum Fruit Extract Research Articles

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (NPPs) Using Xylocarpus Granatum Fruit Extract and its Application in Heavy Metal Pollution Detection

Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants because they are toxic, non-biodegradable, and stable. Mercury (Hg) is a type of heavy metal that is often a source of pollution in the aquatic environment. The biosynthesis process of nanoparticles using Xylocarpus granatum fruit extract as a bioreductant has been carried out using the green synthesis method. The research was conducted to synthesize silver nanoparticles (NPP) from Xylocarpus granatum fruit extract to detect heavy metals. The optimum condition of NPP was obtained through the comparison of AgNO3 concentration with extract and reaction time. The optimum NPP produced was at a concentration of AgNO3 1 mM 1:1 at a synthesis time of 2 hours. The NPP formed is selective to Hg metal as can be seen from the color change of NPP from dark brown to clear and sensitive to Hg metal at a concentration of 40 ppm. The calibration curve formed obtained a linear regration value of the relationship between the concentration of Hg standard solution and absorbance, namely y = -0.01330 + 3.71658 with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.99229. Based on the standard curve obtained NPP mangrove fruit extract Xylocarpus granatum has an accuracy of 99.229% in predicting the concentration of the sample.

Antitumor Activity of a Lectin Purified from Punica granatum Pulps against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells.

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with various pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Punica granatum fruit extract has traditional uses, however, the anti-cancer activity of purified lectin isolated from P. granatum pulp is yet to be reported. The goals of this study are purification, characterization of the lectin from P. granatum, and examination of the purified lectin's anticancer potential. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange chromatography was used to purify the lectin, and SDSPAGE was used to check the purity and homogeneity of the lectin. Spectrometric and chemical analysis were used to characterize the lectin. The anticancer activity of the lectin was examined using in vivo and in vitro functional assays. A lectin, designated as PgL of 28.0 ± 1.0 kDa molecular mass, was isolated and purified from the pulps of P. granatum and the lectin contains 40% sugar. Also, it is a bivalent ion-dependent lectin and lost its 75% activity in the presence of urea (8M). The lectin agglutinated blood cells of humans and rats, and sugar molecules such as 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-manopyranoside and 2- nitrophenyl -β- D-glucopyranoside inhibited PgL's hemagglutination activity. At pH ranges of 6.0-8.0 and temperature ranges of 30°C -80°C, PgL exhibited the highest agglutination activity. In vitro MTT assay showed that PgL inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. PgL exhibited 39 % and 58.52 % growth inhibition of EAC cells in the mice model at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively. In addition, PgL significantly increased the survival time (32.0 % and 49.3 %) of EAC-bearing mice at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day doses (i.p.), respectively, in comparison to untreated EAC-bearing animals (p < 0.01). Also, PgL reduced the tumor weight of EAC-bearing mice (66.6 versus 39.13%; p < 0.01) at the dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day treatment. Furthermore, supplementation of PgL restored the haematological parameters toward normal levels deteriorated in EAC-bearing animals by the toxicity of EAC cells. The results indicated that the purified lectin has anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed as an effective chemotherapy agent.

Antioxidant, Antistress, Nootropic activity and its Correlation studies of aqueous extract of Punica granatum fruit estimated by Noninvasive biomarkers and Y-maze test in rodents

The memory loss associated with increased oxidative stress due to increased level of free radicals. Oxidative stress has been involved in several diseases includes cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.This study aimed to estimate the correlation of antioxidant and antistress activity with nootropic activity of aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) by in-vivo noninvasive studies using rats. The in-vitro antioxidant activity was determined based on the ability of the Punica granatum to scavenge free radicals and lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity. The antistress effect of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum for 24h treatment (100 and 300mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by using the forced swim stress test in rats. The 24h urinary excretion of vanillylmandellic acid (VMA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and ascorbic acid (AA) was determined in all groups under normal and stressed conditions by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods in all groups, were selected as noninvasive biomarkers. Nootropic activity activities of Punica granatum fruit extract were estimated as locomotor and working memory in rats in a Y-maze apparatus. Administration of aqueous extract of Punica granatum at a dose of 100 and 300mg/kg reduced the urinary metabolite levels. Punica granatum treatment showed significant dose dependent variation in non-invasive biomarker levels in urine samples of rats taken after 24h. The treatment with Punica granatum extracts improved the percentage entry of rats into safer zone, it means acquisition (learning) retention and retrieval (memory) were improved in rats compared to stress controls. Cognition determined by working memory and locomotor activity results were shown to be dose-dependent. The results of this study strongly suggestedantioxidant, antistress and nootropic activity effect of Punica granatumin rodents were correlated. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed bytukey test. p&lt;0.05 was considered to be significant. There is substantial evidence that flavonoids play an active role in providing antioxidant, antistress and nootropic activities of Punica granatum extracts. The findings of the present investigations indicate that the Punica granatum has significant antistress activity, which may be due to the immunostimulating property and increased resistance, nonspecifically, against all experimental stress conditions. The study provided scientific evidence for their utility as nootropic agents and to advocate their use in foods.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) And Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) Using Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit Extract

Green synthesis has gained prominence as an environmentally friendly approach to produce nanoparticles (NPs). This research paper focuses on the green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit extract. The study commences with an extensive literature review, elucidating the principles and significance of green synthesis in mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of conventional synthesis methods. The potential of Punica granatum fruit extract, abundant in bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and organic acids, is emphasized as an effective reducing and stabilizing agent for ZnO and CuO NP synthesis. In the materials and methods section, the experimental procedures are detailed. Punica granatum fruit extract is prepared and utilized for the green synthesis of ZnO and CuO NPs. The facile and cost-effective approach involves employing the extract as a reducing agent for nanoparticle synthesis. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles is accomplished using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis. spectroscopy, to assess their size, morphology, crystallinity, and optical properties. The results demonstrate successful synthesis, yielding well-defined ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with controlled size distributions.

Aphrodisiac Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit extract on the sexual function in rats.

Punica granatum L. has proven to possess aphrodisiacs effects in the management of male sexual disorder. There being no scientific validation of these claims, Punica granatum fruit extract was investigated for its aphrodisiac activity in male rats.Fifty (50) adult male and female albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 250-350 g and 200-250g respectively were used in this study. The pomegranate fruit extract was orally administered (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) to different groups of male rats on a once-daily regime for seven (7) days.Oral administration of Punica granatum L. fruit extract at the dose of 1500 mg/kg produced a significant increase of sexual activity in male rats. It caused a significant increase in Mounting Frequency, Intromission Frequency, Intromission Latency and caused a significant reduction in Mounting Latency and Post Ejaculatory Intervals. It also significantly increased Mounting Frequency with Penile anaesthetization as well as frequencies of Erection, Quick and Flips, Long Flips and the aggregate of penile reflexes with penile stimulation. In addition, the extract was also observed to be devoid of any adverse effects and acute toxicity.The resultant significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats without any conspicuous adverse effects indicate that Punica granatum certainly has aphrodisiac activity particularly at the dose of 1500 mg/kg and lends support to the traditional claim.

Effects of anti-lipid peroxidation of Punica granatum fruit extract in endothelial cells induced by plasma of severe pre-eclamptic patients

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. This disorder involves oxidative stress and changes in endothelial homeostasis. This study was aimed to seek whether an ethanolic extract of Punica granatum fruit inhibits 8-iso-PGFα formation and modulates nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells induced by plasma from pre-eclamptic patients. Endothelial cells were cultured from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. At confluence, endothelial cells were divided into five groups, which included endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from normal pregnancy (NP), endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from pre-eclamptic patients (PP), endothelial cells exposed to PP in the presence of ethanolic extract of P. granatum (PP+PG) at the following three doses: 14; 28; and 56 ppm. Analysis of 8-iso-PGFα was done by immunoassay technique. Analysis of NO level was done by colorimetric technique. Plasma from PP significantly increased 8-iso-PGFα level compared to cells treated by normal pregnancy plasma. This increase in 8-iso-PGFα was significantly (p<0.05) attenuated by all doses treatments of P. granatum extract. The level of NO was insignificant (p>0.05) between groups. P. granatum fruit extract protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress induced by plasma from pre-eclamptic patients.

Punica granatum fruit extract inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors of HUVEC cells induced by plasma from patients with pre-eclampsia

Summary This study aims to find out whether the ethanol extract of Punica granatum fruit can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-angiogenic factors (sFlt-1 and sEng) of endothelial cells given plasma stimulus of pre-eclamptic patients. When the cells reached confluence, cells would be grouped into five groups (five replicates per group), i.e. endothelial cells exposed to the plasma of normal pregnancy, endothelial cells exposed to the plasma of patients with severe pre-eclampsia, endothelial cells exposed to the plasma of patients of severe pre-eclampsia and given the extract of P. granatum in various doses (14 ppm; 28 ppm, and 56 ppm). Once induced, measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and anti-angiogenic factors would be carried out by using the technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contains phenolic, flavonoid and tannin. Plasma from patients with pre-eclampsia increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, sFlt-1 and sEng significantly compared with normal pregnancy plasma exposure group. The increase in the levels of TNF-α, sFlt-1 and sEng was significantly inhibited by the administration of extract at a dose of 56 ppm (P

WITHDRAWN: Protective effect of Punica granatum fruit extract on inflammatory cytokines and antiangiogenic factors in endothelial cells induced by plasma from preeclamptic patients

WITHDRAWN: Protective effect of Punica granatum fruit extract on inflammatory cytokines and antiangiogenic factors in endothelial cells induced by plasma from preeclamptic patients

Inhibitory Effect of the Punica granatum Fruit Extract on Angiotensin-II Type I Receptor and Thromboxane B2 in Endothelial Cells Induced by Plasma from Preeclamptic Patients.

This study aims to evaluate whether the Punica granatum fruit extract modulates the Angiotensin-II Type I receptor (AT1-R) and thromboxane B2 level in endothelial cells induced by plasma from preeclamptic patients. Endothelial cells were obtained from human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. At confluence, endothelial cells were divided into five groups, which included endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from normal pregnancy (NP), endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from preeclamptic patients (PP), and endothelial cells exposed to PP in the presence of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (PP + PG) at the following three doses: 14; 28; and 56 ppm. The expression of AT1-R was observed by immunohistochemistry technique, and thromboxane B2 level was done by immunoassay technique. Plasma from PP significantly increased AT1-R expression and thromboxane B2 levels compared to cells treated by normal pregnancy plasma. The increasing of AT1-R expression significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by high dose treatments of Punica granatum extract. Moreover, the increasing of thromboxane B2 levels significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by lowest dose treatments of Punica granatum extract. We further concluded that Punica granatum fruit protects and inhibits the sensitivity of endothelial cells to plasma from preeclamptic patients due to inhibition of AT1-R expression (56 ppm) and reduced thromboxane B2 levels (14 ppm).

Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Potential and Anti-cataract Activity of Punica granatum Fruit Extract

Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Potential and Anti-cataract Activity of Punica granatum Fruit Extract

Spectroscopic investigations, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of green synthesized gold nanoparticles

The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by using naturally available Punica Granatum fruit extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized AuNPs was characterized by using UV–Vis, fluorescence, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 585nm confirmed the reduction of auric chloride to AuNPs. The crystalline nature of the biosynthesized AuNPs was confirmed from the HRTEM images, XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The HRTEM images showed the mixture of triangular and spherical-like AuNPs having size between 5 and 20nm. The weight loss of the AuNPs was measured by TGA as a function of temperature under a controlled atmosphere. The biomolecules are responsible for the reduction of AuCl4− ions and the formation of stable AuNPs which was confirmed by FTIR measurement. The synthesized AuNPs showed an excellent antibacterial activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 10124), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25175), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028) and Vibrio cholerae (ATCC 14033). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AuNPs was recorded against various microorganisms. Further, the synthesized AuNPs shows an excellent cytotoxic result against HeLa cancer cell lines at different concentrations.

Bioreduction of chloroaurate ions using fruit extract Punica granatum (Pomegranate) for synthesis of highly stable gold nanoparticles and assessment of its antibacterial activity

The design, synthesis and characterisation of biologically synthesised nanomaterials have become an area of significant interest. Presented is a report on the extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Punica granatum (Pomegranate) fruit extract as the reducing agent to synthesise Au nanoparticles. On treating aqueous chloroauric acid solutions with P. granatum fruit extract, rapid reduction of the chloroaurate ions is observed, leading to the formation of highly stable gold nanoparticles in solution. These nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at 536 nm in the UV–vis spectrum corresponding to the plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the gold nanoparticles indicated that they ranged in size from 10 to 50 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum confirmed the presence of main groups occurred in natural plant extract from P. granatum. The synthesised gold nanoparticles were active against Streptobacillus sp. and Escherichia coli.

Studies on the toxicity of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) whole fruit extracts

Current investigation focuses on the toxicity evaluation of whole fruit hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), used in Cuban traditional medicine a.o. for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Previous findings on the anti-influenza activity of Punica granatum extracts has given support to the ethnopharmacological application. In our study, in chick embryo model, it was found that doses of the extract of less than 0.1 mg per embryo are not toxic. The LD 50 of the extract, determined in OF-1 mice of both sexes after intraperitoneal administration, was 731 mg/kg. Confidence limits were 565–945 mg/kg. At the doses of 0.4 and 1.2 mg/kg of extract, the repeated intranasal administration to Wistar rats produced no toxic effects in terms of food intake, weight gain, behavioural or biochemical parameters, or results of histopathological studies. We conclude that toxic effects of Punica granatum fruit extract occurred at higher doses than those effective in the models where the anti-viral activity has been studied or than those doses used in Cuban folk medicine.