Gran Buenos Aires Research Articles

Citizen-Led Environmental Governance: Regulating Urban Wetlands in South America

Wetlands provide ecosystem services such as flood protection, improved water quality, and wildlife habitat, but are under attack in urban land-use conflicts in the Global South. This article presents two cases of local wetlands governance conflicts in Colombia (Humedal la Conejera, Bogotá, Cundinamarca) and Argentina (Laguna de Rocha, Esteban Echeverría, Gran Buenos Aires) to illustrate divergent pathways toward improved environmental governance via citizen pressures: the collaborative method (Bogotá) and the adversarial method (Buenos Aires). While existing scholarship on citizen-led regulation stresses the importance of collaboration between community organizations and the state, this article argues that adversarial tactics are also a key component of environmental governance. In both cases, citizen-led pressures led to increased enforcement of regulatory measures to restore wetlands and gain protected-area status. Citizen-led governance involved adversarial strategies such as marches, litigation, and shaming and blaming in the media, as well as collaborative strategies such as creating broad-based educational forums, working inside city government, and partnering directly with public institutions to set new policies. Against the backdrop of extensive collusion between elected officials and land developers, citizen-led subnational environmental governance has become the regulatory regime of last resort in urban Latin America.

From global to regional? New realities of international migration to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Commentary on “Buenos Aires. From successful city/nation-building to fragmented amalgamation” by Marcelo Cavarozzi

ABSTRACT In “Buenos Aires. From successful city/nation-building to fragmented amalgamation”, Marcelo Cavarozzi details the connection between immigration and the construction of Buenos Aires as a global city. Cavarozzi analyzes the evolution of economic segregation in Buenos Aires by describing how the spatial order that separated the city centre from its surrounding areas developed. This commentary takes over where Cavarozzi’s paper ends and describes the changing composition of the immigrant population of Buenos Aires since the 1970s in comparison to U.S. cities. The growth of the Latin American population and the decline in immigration from other areas have resulted in a high degree of specialization of international migration to Buenos Aires, transforming the city from a global to a regional immigrant destination. Buenos Aires has also experienced changes in the national origin of immigrant flows with important differences between the Capital Federal and Gran Buenos Aires.

La Inteligencia Emocional y el Modelo Psicobiológico de la Personalidad de Eysenck

The present investigation arises as a result of the inquiry on Emotional Intelligence in the light of the different constructs of the Personality proposed by Eysenck. For this, the E.I. variable measured through TMMS-24 (Fernández-Berrocal et al., 2004) has been correlated with the different variables in which the dimensions of the Personality are manifested, namely: Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism, obtained by means of the EPQ-RA instrument (Squillace et al., 2013); both data were extracted from a sample of adults of both sexes of Gran Buenos Aires and C.A.B.A., who were in turn administered a sociodemographic survey, all of them virtually (n=215). Regarding the results, significant positive correlations have been obtained between Emotional Attention and Neuroticism, as well as with Emotional Reparation and Extraversion. Likewise, significant negative correlations were found between Emotional Clarity with Neuroticism and Psychoticism, and in Emotional Reparation and Neuroticism.

O município em face do planejamento regional: ideias interamericanas na década de 1950

Este artigo aborda o debate que ocorreu em São Paulo durante o I Seminário Interamericano de Estudos Municipais, realizado em 1958, sob a coordenação de Antônio Delorenzo Neto. O eixo central da análise compõe-se das discussões sobre os conceitos de planejamento e planificação entre os participantes da sessão “O município em face do planejamento regional” após a apresentação da conferência La organización del plan regulador de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y el planeamento del gran Buenos Aires. Da mesma forma, o artigo problematiza, ainda que indiretamente e em termos mais gerais, a trajetória, nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, de Antônio Delorenzo Neto, idealizador do referido seminário, que ocorreu no Instituto de Estudos Municipais da Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo. Foi nesse período que sua trajetória profissional original no campo do direito se aproximou do campo do planejamento, e com ele se articulou, para pensar o desenvolvimento municipal no Brasil e na América Latina.

The Municipality in the Face of Regional Planning: Inter-American Ideas in the 1950s

This article examines the debate that took place in São Paulo during the 1st Inter-American Seminar on Municipal Studies, held in 1958, under the coordination of Antônio Delorenzo Neto. The main thrust of the analysis is focused on the discussion amongst the participants regarding the concepts of planning and planification in the session “The municipality in the face of regional planning”, after the presentation of the conference La organización del plan regulador de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y el planeamento del gran Buenos Aires. Similarly, the article also discusses, albeit indirectly and in more general terms, the trajectory, during the 1950s and 1960s, of Antônio Delorenzo Neto, creator of the abovementioned seminar, which occurred at the Instituto de Estudos Municipais da Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política in São Paulo. It was during this period that his original professional career in the field of law approached the field of planning in order to consider municipal development both in Brazil and across Latin America.

Informarse en el smartphone: estrategias de lectura transmedia por parte de jóvenes universitarios del Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires

El consumo de noticias se ha transformado sensiblemente en los últimos años, en virtud de la multiplicación de dispositivos a través de los cuales se accede a la información, los cambios en los modos de contar las noticias y la creciente importancia del software en la gestión de la información. El smartphone es el principal medio de acceso a las noticias por parte de los jóvenes universitarios del Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires, quienes despliegan estrategias de lectura particulares a la hora de informarse. Los jóvenes navegan aprovechando la especificidad que le ofrece cada dispositivo en el modo de presentar las noticias y lo mejor de cada uno. En ese sentido, la “lectura transmedia” parece ser la forma que asume la relación que se establece con esos contenidos, puesto que los relatos noticiosos se despliegan en múltiples plataformas y se completan con la participación activa de los usuarios, quienes ponen en diálogo esas distintas plataformas, comparten las noticias en las redes sociales y producen contenidos relacionados con sus temas de interés. En esta investigación exploratoria, procuramos describir y analizar las prácticas de consumo de noticias que realizan los jóvenes a través del smartphone mediante 16 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a estudiantes de diversas universidades del país. Del análisis de las entrevistas se desprende que los jóvenes despliegan estrategias de lectura habituales en las que alternan entre la exposición y la interacción, entre la lectura superficial y la lectura profunda, y entre la búsqueda de información y entretenimiento.

Constructions of youth and contemporary militant trajectories in parishes in Gran Buenos Aires (Argentina)

El artículo analiza las construcciones de juventud presentes en la Acción Católica Argentina y sus vínculos con trayectorias de jóvenes militantes insertos en parroquias del Gran Buenos Aires. Para el abordaje metodológico cualitativo se utilizan los siguientes materiales de campo, producidos entre 2016 y 2018: entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a jóvenes católicos, registros de observación participante en parroquias y eventos nacionales de Acción Católica Argentina y análisis de documentos institucionales. Dentro de la Acción Católica Argentina, se identifican tensiones entre las definiciones de juventud producidas por la institución y las trayectorias juveniles. Los jóvenes experimentan modos de «ser» y de «vivir» la juventud distintos a los propuestos por la Acción Católica Argentina, acordes con los cambios sociales y culturales que se produjeron en Argentina en las últimas décadas.

Orígenes de la práctica del rap y el Hip Hop en el conurbano bonaerense (1982-1992)

The present work is part of a research project carried out at the Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche of the Republica Argentina during the 2018/2020 period, it is proposed to reflect on the origins of Argentine rap music, mainly that which occurred in the western area of Gran Buenos Aires, and that marked the emergence of composers and singers of the rap genre that shaped the so-called national rap scene and that culminated in 2001 with the group from Moron and La Matanza, the Argentine Hip Hop Sindicato, winning the Latin Grammy Award for Best Hip Hop / Rap Band. The absence of archives and scarcity of documentary funds in which material that would serve as input to our research implied the collection of sources from various non-traditional areas: mainly the use of oral history as a method of data collection and personal files. In this sense, the testimonies of the first rappers, DJs and organizers of local parties are recovered, from which a set of independent initiatives from the 1980s and 1990s are reviewed. The interviews were conducted with references from the music scene. rap whose trajectory is linked to the origins of rap in the Argentina.

“Nuestro norte son los niños”. Subjetividades políticas y colectivización del cuidado infantil en organizaciones sociales del Gran Buenos Aires

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar las nociones de infancia que distintos actores sociopolíticos ponen en juego en barrios populares del área metropolitana bonaerense. Nos referimos a iniciativas impulsadas por pobladores, voluntarios y militantes políticos que se han planteado una propuesta colectivizada del cuidado de los niños y las niñas. El análisis busca documentar los modos en que la elaboración de qué significan los niños y cuáles son sus necesidades tienen lugar conforme se moldean y gestan las subjetividades políticas de quienes impulsan las obras. Este proceso, lejos de quedar restringido a los adultos, involucra de lleno a los niños, quienes participan activamente de la construcción de las acciones que los tienen por objeto y del reconocimiento de sus necesidades. Nos basaremos en el registro proveniente del trabajo de campo antropológico y etnográfico que llevamos adelante desde el año 2001 en la zona norte y noroeste del Gran Buenos Aires.

Baremo del Trail Making Test para Capital Federal y Gran Buenos Aires

Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most widely used tests to evaluate attentional processes since its resolution requires the indemnity of multiple attentional aspects that underlie the correct execution of the task. The aim of this study was to update TMT norms for the Argentine population of Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and Gran Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 407 participants (59% women), aged between 16 and 90 years, with educational level from incomplete primary to postgraduate. The sample was divided into four age groups and three educational levels. Special norms were made for individuals with low educational level because age did not differentiate their performance. The present TMT standardization includes the types of errors that may occur in part A and B of the test. This study allows for representative and up-to-date norms according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the population under investigation.

Prevención, “mano dura” y territorios peligrosos. El delito en Diario Popular y La Nación hacia 1983

En este trabajo se retoman un conjunto de problemáticas abordadas en trabajos previos que remiten a los modos de narración del delito hacia fines de la última dictadura cívico militar ocurrida en Argentina (1976-1983). Su objetivo es acotado: se propone analizar el modo en que las narrativas policiales delimitaban a ciertos territorios como peligrosos y sostenemos que dichas modalidades enunciativas siguen vigentes, aunque con variaciones, en los relatos actuales para cartografiar la “inseguridad”. Tomaremos como objeto de análisis un conjunto de unidades informativas que se publicaron en Diario Popular y La Nación entre junio y julio de 1983 sobre el gran Buenos Aires. La metodología utilizada es análisis crítico del discurso.

Urbaser S.A. and Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, Bilbao Biskaia Ur Partzuergoa v. The Argentine Republic

On 8 December 2016, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal chaired by Professor Andreas Bucher, with co-arbitrators Professor Pedro J. Martinez-Fraga (Claimants' appointee) and Professor Campbell McLachlan QC (Respondent's appointee), issued its award in Urbaser and CAAB v. Argentina (Award). The dispute related to a Concession Contract granted to Aguas Del Gran Buenos Aires S.A. (AGBA), a company in which Claimants were shareholders, for the provision of water and sewerage services in the Province of Greater Buenos Aires (Province). Claimants alleged that they had faced numerous obstacles created by the Province's authorities, which precluded the efficient and profitable operation of their Concession. Respondent counterclaimed that Claimants had failed to make the necessary investment in the Concession, thereby violating their obligation under international law based on the human right to water.

Más allá de los límites del Estado. Instituciones católicas y evangélicas de partidos del Gran Buenos Aires (Argentina) en la implementación de políticas públicas sobre drogas

El artículo explora las relaciones de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) identificadas con un credo religioso que se dedican al tratamiento de los consumos de drogas, con el Estado, otras OSC y otros actores no estatales. El objetivo es describir y analizar los vínculos entre dichas organizaciones, el Estado (en sus distintos niveles, organismos y poderes) y otras organizaciones no estatales (iglesias, federaciones de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales, redes trasnacionales, partidos políticos), en el proceso de implementación de políticas públicas de drogas en partidos del Gran Buenos Aires (PGBA), territorio conocido popularmente como el “conurbano”. Analizamos tres dimensiones de los vínculos entre estas OSC religiosas y el Estado: las relaciones económicas; la articulación en los tratamientos propiamente dichos; y los argumentos de sus referentes para explicar la falta de apoyo y/o articulación. Además, describimos el tipo de relaciones de estas instituciones con otras OSC y otros actores no estatales que dan origen, colaboran en el funcionamiento y permiten el sustento económico de estos dispositivos. El artículo se basa en observaciones y entrevistas a referentes instituciones evangélicas y católicas orientadas a la atención de usuarios con consumos de drogas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y los partidos del GBA.

Dimensionalidad de un Test de Conducta Prosocial

<p>La conducta prosocial es toda conducta social positiva con o sin motivación altruista. La realización de este tipo de conductas eleva el sentimiento de autoestima y contribuye a la formación de redes de apoyo. El objetivo de<br />este trabajo es estudiar la dimensionalidad de la Escala de Conducta Prosocial (ECP) de Auné, Abal y Attorresi. La misma se encuentra conformada por 28 ítems. Se seleccionó una muestra por accesibilidad de 692 individuos de Gran Buenos Aires e interior de la Argentina, quienes respondieron la ECP. Se eliminaron 25 casos considerados anómalos según la distancia de Mahalanobis. El estudio de la dimensionalidad se realizó mediante la técnica de Análisis Factorial Exploratorio basado en la matriz de correlaciones policóricas con rotación promax. Se eligió el procedimiento Análisis Paralelo para determinar el número de factores. Éstos fueron estimados mediante el método de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados. Un modelo de 15 ítems y dos factores logró índices de ajuste adecuados (GFI = .99, RMSR = .0384), explicando el 50.61% de la<br />varianza. Los resultados concuerdan con la bibliografía existente, pues uno de los factores agrupó ítems relacionados con confortar mientras que el segundo factor reunió ítems que implican ayuda.</p>

Union Organizing after the Collapse of Neoliberalism in Argentina: The Place of Community in the Revitalization of the Labor Movement (2005–2011)

Recent Argentine history showed that since 2003 the labor movement became increasingly relevant due to protests organized by unionized formal workers. Labor revitalization in a context of persistent informality raised the following question: Were there union organizing strategies that related formal workers to the broader working class community that included informal workers? This article answered the question through the analysis of union strategies from three formal sector firms located in one city of the Northern Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2005 and 2011. The evidence from this comparison showed that in two of the factories there were union strategies to reach the community. The existence of a grassroots democratic union in the shop floor appeared as a necessary condition for inclusive union strategies. The scale of those relations varied according to the geographical pattern of workers’ housing, which was the result of the company’s localization strategy.

Historia de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Vol. 6, El Gran Buenos Aires

Historia de la provincia de Buenos Aires. <i>Vol. 6,</i> El Gran Buenos Aires

Vida Familiar en Colonias tardías Periurbanas: Sociabilidad y condiciones de vida (Buenos Aires, Argentina: 1950-1970)

En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la Argentina experimentó los últimos ensayos de una política de larga tradición, la colonización agrícola. Generalmente, se seleccionaban tierras en la zona pampeana, vinculadas al tradicional perfil productivo agroexportador. No obstante, ciertas zonas del periurbano bonaerense y platense fueron objeto de interés por su capacidad de generar alimentos fácilmente ubicables en las ciudades cercanas y radicar familias, sin embargo, poco es lo que se ha indagado sobre estas últimas. En el presente estudio nos proponemos indagar sobre el carácter multiétnico de sus orígenes, sus trayectorias, modos de trabajo, y prácticas de sociabilidad en estos particulares espacios, para lo cual seleccionamos los casos de las colonias “La Capilla” (Florencio Varela, zona sur del Gran Buenos Aires) y “Justo José de Urquiza” (La Plata, capital provincial). Encontramos que las colonias se consolidaron por la formación de asociaciones formales e informales como espacios de sociabilidad, caracterizado por la fundamental participación de las familias y de los sujetos, que aportaban al entramado desde sus roles y saberes. De modo particular, los niños, como sujetos sociales, lejos de ser periféricos o marginales, cumplieron la función de articular los espacios en los que sus familias se radicaron.

Donor selection criteria for liver transplantation in Argentina: are current standards too rigorous?

Organ shortage is the major limitation for the growth of deceased donor liver transplant worldwide. One strategy to ameliorate this problem is to maximize the liver utilization rate. To assess predictors of liver utilization in Argentina. The national database was used to analyze transplant activity in 2010. Donor, recipient, and transplant variables were evaluated as predictors of graft utilization of number of rejected donor offers before grafting and with the occurrence of primary nonfunction (PNF) or early post-transplant mortality (EM). Of the 582 deceased donors, 293 (50.3%) were recovered for liver transplant. Variables associated with the nonrecovery of the liver were age ≥46years, umbilical perimeter ≥92cm, organ procurement outside Gran Buenos Aires, AST ≥42U/l and ALT ≥29U/l. The median number of rejected offers before grafting was 4, and in 71 patients (25%), there were ≥13. The only independent predictor for the occurrence of PNF (3.4%) or EM (5.2%) was the recipient's emergency status. During 2010 in Argentina, the liver was recovered in only half of donors. The low incidence of PNF and EM and the characteristics of the nonrecovered liver donors suggest that organ acceptance criteria should be less rigorous.

Domestic dog hair samples as biomarkers of arsenic contamination

Hair arsenic concentrations were measured in 50 dogs living at Barrio Los Alamos, Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina, to evaluate the contamination risk in humans living in an area with arsenic levels higher than maximum allowed limit of 10 µg l−1. This region belongs to the zone in Argentina with Chronic Endemic Hydroarsenicism. Quantification of the samples was carried out using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence technique after a sample preparation procedure. Independent of genre, age and breed, hair dogs from Los Alamos had significantly higher arsenic concentrations than a set of ten dogs used as blank coming from a free arsenic area. These found levels in hair indicated a chronic contamination in dogs and suggest similar presumption in humans. Results of this study encourage the potential of using pets as biomarkers of environmental metal contamination. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

ESTIMACIÓN DEL IMPACTO DE LA ESTERILIZACIÓN EN EL ÍNDICE DE CRECIMIENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN DE CANINOS

The importance of dog population control relies on its implications in the transmission of zoonotic diseases, environmental pollution and possible injuries or attacks to humans. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of surgical neutering on the dog population in the city of Buenos Aires and Gran Buenos Aires area, Argentine through demographic rate indexes and tenancy behaviors. Data was obtained in a survey conducted in 2008 and 2009 in 136 households in the areas of Villa del Parque (CABA) and 143 of Villa Ballester (MGSM). A probabilistic model to calculate the annual growth rate of the dog population was developed. No differences were observed in the proportion of households keeping animals and those keeping dogs. However, MGSM presented an average rate of dogs per household higher than CABA. Population control indicators for surgical neutering were significantly higher whilst the average age of neutering was significantly lower in MGSM (p&lt;0.01). No significant differences were observed in the growth rate estimation. The results suggest that with a female neutering level near 13%, the CABA canine population would grow an annual average of 13%, while considering a neutering level near 45% the MGSM dog population would grow an annual average of 8%. It is suggested that the growth of dog populations is linked to decisions and behaviors of the human population.