Grammatical Analysis Research Articles

The Argument Structure of Intransitive Verbs in Toba Batak Language Aek Kanopan Dialect: A Grammatical Typology Analysis

The aim of the research is to describe the argument structure of intransitive verbs in Toba Batak language (TBL) Aek Kanopan dialect based on grammatical typology analysis. Data collections are gathered by applying conversational and listening method. Meanwhile, the main technique in collecting the data is elicitation technique, which is continued by several techniques, i.e. recording technique and taking note. The data is analyzed by distributional method as suggested by Sudaryanto (2015) and Mahsun (2011). With the use of the oral and written data, as well as the observation method, the analyzing data is done by using substitutional method, translational method, and referential method. The results of the analysis are provided by formal and informal methods. The result of this research shows that the argument structure of intransitive verbs in Toba Batak Language, Aek Kanopan dialect is that intransitive verbs can be divided into two types, namely verbs involving experiencer verbs and action verbs. Both types of verbs require only one argument, the subject, which grammatically functions as the only argument in the sentence. Semantically, the subject can act as an agent who performs an action or as an experiencer who experiences a state or feeling. Then, typologically of grammatical, the argument structure of intransitive verb in TBL Aek Kanopan dialect involved as an accusative-type language.

Вариативность проявления авторского начала в научной аннотации: сравнение гуманитарного и естественно-научного дискурсов

The article deals with the problem of the intradiscursive variability of the speech genre of the abstract. The article aims to identify the variability of the manifestation of the author's principle in the verbal genre of abstract functioning in academic discourse. 38 Russian-language abstracts to linguistic academic articles published in the journal “Genres of Speech” in 2023 and 34 Russian-language abstracts to biological academic articles published in the “Journal of General Biology” in 2022 were selected as the base of the study. The main research methods were general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, juxtaposition, content analysis, statistical analysis), as well as methods of complex linguistic research – lexico-semantic, component, grammatical, discursive, stylistic, linguistic and pragmatic analyses. It was revealed that the pronouns “we” and “our” (in 13 % of linguistic and 21 % of biological annotations) and the self-designation “author” (in 11 % of linguistic and 3 % of biological abstracts) are used in abstracts as explicit markers of the authorʼs presence. Biologists are more actively using indirect designation through pronouns to emphasize personal contribution to solving a scientific problem and present results reflecting new knowledge. There are no differences in the use of implicit authorization tools (passive and impersonal constructions) in the abstracts belonging to the humanitarian and natural science discourse. To express an evaluative attitude towards the components of an epistemic situation, qualitative adjectives are used in the abstracts of both scientific directions, but in linguistic abstracts the set of adjectives is much richer. It was found that in the abstracts of natural science discourse the strengthening of evaluation using qualitative adverbs is more common (50 %) than in linguistic abstracts (29 %), as well as the weakening of evaluation – 32 % and 10 %, respectively. This indicates the desire of the linguistic authors to be more accurate and selective in expressing the strengthening or weakening of the assessment and, if possible, to avoid such speech strategies. Ii is concluded that the variability of the authorʼs presence in the verbal genre of abstract, functioning in academic discourse, is due to differences in research approaches, scientific tradition and the dissimilarity of the worldview of scientists.

Health and Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Primary Education: An Analysis of Spanish Autonomous Curricular Decrees Under the Current Education Law (LOMLOE)

The Spanish basic education curriculum, specifically the section on primary education, addresses global challenges and recognizes schools as essential in health education. Healthy lifestyle habits are fundamental due to their impact on health and well-being, especially in children. This study analyzes the integration of health and healthy lifestyle habits in Spanish autonomous curricular decrees using a qualitative documentary analysis and a comparative approach with a statistical/descriptive basis. The corpus includes the 17 autonomous curricular decrees derived from the Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE). The data, derived from the 17 autonomous curricular decrees, were examined using lexical and grammatical analyses, then processed with Atlas.ti 23 software. The results reveal that the dimensions and categories related to health and healthy lifestyle habits focus mainly on physical aspects. In common areas or fields, physical education and knowledge of the natural, social and cultural environment are the most relevant areas for integrating health and healthy lifestyle habits into the framework in this study. However, the current curriculum proposal lacks continuity between curricular elements. In summary, this study represents a step forward in the recognition of the extent to which health and healthy lifestyle habits are established in the curriculum.

Grammatical Analysis of Kinship Terms in Sorani Kurdish Language

The research paper provides a comprehensive grammatical analysis of Kurdish kinship terms, which is a vital aspect of the Kurdish language. It examines the morphological and syntactic properties of kinship terms, categorization according to the part of speech and the distinctions of their grammatical gender and number .The study delves into the morphological composition of these terms, analyzing the various affixes and morphemes that contribute to their formation, including inflectional suffixes, honorific prefixes, and other derivational processes. Additionally, this research focuses on the vocative forms of kinship terms, investigating their unique grammatical features and. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the complexity and nuances inherent in the Kurdish kinship terminology.

Gereja adalah Rumah: Refleksi Teologis Ulangan 23:2 Sebuah Penerimaan Anak Lahir di Luar Nikah

Deuteronomy 23:2 writes about the prohibition of children of adultery to come to the worship hall. This verse will be very dangerous if using literal meaning. It can lead to ostracism and bullying for some congregants who are in the case. In order to find the purpose and theological value of the verse that is relevant today, the author uses critical historiography, and grammatical analysis methods. The results of this study state that, this verse contains the rules that God formed for the Israelites in order to maintain the quality of their faith from the gentiles (non-Israelites). This is because at that time there was the existence of devotional prostitutes, intermarriage with non-Israelites, and incestuous relationships that had the potential to contaminate the Israelites' habit of turning to other gods. This verse is closely related to the social and historical context at that time. Thus, this law is no longer relevant today. Nowadays, the existence of children born out of wedlock stems from quite complex problems. The church should reduce judgment/bullying and increase the space for acceptance and forgiveness. So that the love in the church can be realized in each individual member. Keywords: acceptance, church, home, deuteronomy 23:2

Grammatical Analysis Is Required to Describe Grammatical (and “Syntactic”) Complexity: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”

Grammatical Analysis Is Required to Describe Grammatical (and “Syntactic”) Complexity: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”

Peculiarities of the Use of Professionally Oriented Vocabulary by Future Agrarians while Learning English

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of bilingualism of students of non-linguistic specialties when learning English. The terminological vocabulary allows accurate and accessible presentation of a content of this subject area and ensures correct understanding of the text. To represent the relations of information units (represented in terms), commonly used words are needed, which requires the use of ordinary language and leads to an appearance of ambiguity during their use. Purpose. The objective of study is consideration of linguistic particularities of agrarian professionally oriented vocabulary, which is used while studying a foreign language at the university. The methodology covers a comprehensive set of theoretical and empirical research methods, including the analysis of scientific sources, regulatory documents, pedagogical observation, description, classification and systematization. The study was related to students of the second year of full-time study of the agronomy specialty in Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine. Results. The fact that the terms carry the main semantic load that in the literature of the agrarian direction, occupying the main place among other general literary and official words, is illustrated with examples. A detailed (conceptual) description of the agrarian industry has been carried out. It is noted that English-language agronomic texts differ in syntactic structure and complexity and are characterized by adverbial, infinitive and gerund inflections, as well as other purely language constructions, which in turn complicate text understanding and pose additional challenges to a translator. It is proved that the dictionary of agricultural terms is replenished by borrowing lexical units from everyday speech and by reinterpreting or narrowing their meanings. It is indicated that the colloquial language is enriched due to the expansion of the meanings of special terminological units. This dynamic two-way process testifies to a language development and translation complication activity due to the need to select the appropriate translation variant of multi-meaning lexical units. The investigation concluded that the clustering of many terminological constructions requires a correct division into immediate components and a serious familiarization with reference materials, a deeper immersion in the subject area. It is shown that agrarian terminology needs careful lexical and grammatical analysis in order to determine the optimal ways of its use. However, terminology alone is not sufficient to transfer or disseminate knowledge, as knowledge is culturally defined in human society.

A grammatical analysis of American and British pop music

Abstract Previous work has shown that American-influenced singing is common in British pop music (BPM). While the existing largely literature focuses on phonetic analysis, this study investigates grammatical variables. The data are drawn from two 1.5-million-word corpora that contain songs performed by either American or British singers during the years 1953–2009. Four grammatical items that tend to appear more frequently in American English than in British English are extracted (ain’t, third-person don’t, multiple negation, and the intensifier so). The frequency of these items is examined, as are genre and diachronic effects, and the patterns in the two corpora are then contrasted. A multivariate analysis through GoldVarb X reveals a high level of similarity in terms of the relative strength of these predictor variables and the quantitative tendency of each factor. The results are interpreted within an audience/reference design framework as evidence of the influence of American music on BPM.

What can NLP do for linguistics? Towards using grammatical error analysis to document non-standard English features

What can NLP do for linguistics? Towards using grammatical error analysis to document non-standard English features

Makna Frasa “ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ” dalam Yohanes 1:29

One of the theological titles addressed to Jesus Christ is the Lamb of God. This title can be found in John 1:29 and 1:36 which is the title of John the Baptist to Jesus,and is not found in the Synoptic Gospels. A number of scholars have attempted to interpret the phrase Lamb of God both in a literal and figurative sense and there are a number of different meanings. In this paper, the author seeks the meaning of the phrase Lamb of God in John 1:29 using the exegetical method. The exegetical method used three analyses: contextual analysis, historical, and grammatical and literal analysis. From the analysis carried out, it was found that the meaning of the phrase Lamb of God which is directed at Jesus explains the work of Jesus' salvation through His death on the cross which brought redemption and remission of sins for humans by taking Jewish background: the Passover lamb, and the divine qualities possessed by Christ as the Lamb of God.

Updates on Clinical Language Sampling Practices: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists Practicing in the United States.

Language sample analysis (LSA) provides many benefits for assessing, identifying therapy goals, and monitoring the progress of children with language disorders. Despite these widely recognized advantages, previous surveys suggest the declining use of LSA by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This study aimed to provide updates on clinical LSA use following the recent introduction of two new LSA protocols, namely, the Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) protocol and the Computerized Language Analysis KIDEVAL program. Survey data from SLPs practicing in the United States (N = 337) were used to examine rates of LSA use, methods, and protocols. Factors predicting LSA use and reported facilitators and barriers were also examined. Results indicated that 60% of SLPs used LSA in the past year. LSA skill level, training, and serving preschool or elementary school children predicted LSA use, whereas workplace, caseload, and years of experience were not significant predictors. Most SLPs reported using self-designed LSA protocols (62%), followed by Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (23%) and SUGAR (12%) protocols. SLPs who did not use LSA reported limited time (74%), limited resources (59%), and limited expertise (41%) as barriers and identified additional training on LSA computer programs (52%) and access to automatic speech recognition programs (49%) as facilitators to their adoption of LSA. Reported rates of LSA use and methods were consistent with previous survey findings. This study's findings highlight the ongoing needs for more extensive preprofessional training in LSA.

Analisis Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab: Telaah Buku Arabiyyah Linnasyiin Dalam Perspektif Teori William Frances Mackey

Interesting to study is the Arabic textbook Arabiyyah Linnasyiin This book will be further examined using William Francis Mackey's theory, which explains that a good textbook must fulfill three aspects: selection, gradation, presentation, and repetition. To achieve maximum research outcomes, this study employs a descriptive analysis method with a library research approach, where data sources are gathered from library materials such as books, journals, seminar proceedings, newspapers, and similar resources. The results of this study show that the Arabiyyah Linnasyiin textbook consists of four language skills: speaking (Muhadatsah), reading (maharah Qiroah), writing (maharah Kitabah), and grammatical analysis in the form of exercises (Ta'bir Syafahiyah). When viewed from the level of student learning, Arabiyyah li Nasyiin has six levels, consisting of Volume I, Volume II, Volume III, Volume IV, Volume V, and Volume VI. These levels are based on learning Arabic at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. This book includes indicators and basic competency standards, though there is no set time limit. Secondly, in the Arabiyyah Linnasyiin textbooks, from the first to the sixth volume, the levels are categorized by themes, vocabulary, grammatical analysis, and the exercises provided. Thirdly, the Arabiyyah Linnasyiin textbook is comprehensive in terms of covering the four aspects of Arabic language skills, with content that includes maharah kalam, maharah qiroah, maharah kitabah, and grammatical analysis in the form of exercises. In terms of procedure, the Arabiyyah Linnasyiin textbook uses a pictorial procedure, a teaching method that employs images. Fourth, regarding speaking, from Volume I to Volume VI, the speaking-related material is extensive and complete, corresponding to the levels and themes provided. For reading, the reading themes maharah qiroah in Volumes I to VI are dense and thorough, appropriate to the students' level of proficiency. In terms of writing, the writing-related material in Arabiyyah Linnasyiin is only provided in Volume I, and this is tailored to the students' proficiency level in learning Arabic.

Grammatical Cohesion Analysis in the Short Story “The Devoted Friend” by Oscar Wilde

This study examined about grammatical cohesion that applied in the short story “The Devoted Friend. The aims of the research is to identify the different forms of grammatical cohesiveness and their applications in the short narrative "The Devoted Friend." The descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The study's findings were communicated both formally and informally. The data was taken from Oscar Wilde's short story "The Devoted Friend," and it was examined using Halliday and Hasan's (1976) cohesion theory to look at the various forms of grammatical cohesion and how they are used. The results indicate that the short story uses two different forms of grammatical cohesion: conjunction and reference. Within the short story "The Devoted Friend," there are three different kinds of references: demonstrative, comparative, and personal. There are three different kinds of conjunctions: causal, adversative, and additive conjunctions. The most prevalent type of grammatical cohesion in the short story is personal reference occurs 124 times, whereas comparative reference occurs 13 times, making it the least frequently occurring type.

INTRODUCTION TO VEDANGAS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION IN AYURVEDA

Ancient Indian literature has a large body of religious texts composed in various languages; among them, some of the Vedic literature is written in Sanskrit, ‘Devanagari Lipi’. An introduction to' Vedangas' has been made to help readers understand and correct the interpretation of Vedic literature. Vedangas are composed of two words: Veda means ‘Knowledge’, and Angas means ‘Limbs’, collectively known as ‘The Limbs of Knowledge’. Among the four Vedas, ‘Ayurveda’ is Upaveda of ‘Atharvaveda’. Ayurveda not only deals with Pranirogaharam but also helps to attain Purushartha. Samhita of Ayurveda is also composed in verse format, describing the vastness of Sanskrit literature. For Arthaprapati of these verses effortlessly and trace out the exact meaning of verses, these six fields of studies mentioned by Maharshis, known as ‘Vedangas’, i.e., Shiksha, Vyarkarana, Chhandas, Nirukti, Kalpa, Jyotisha have been used. For a deeper understanding of these Vedangas, they are co-related with six parts of the human body, i.e., nose, face, legs, ear, hand and eyes, respectively, termed as ‘Veda Purusha’, have been explained by ‘Paniniya Shiksha’. Shiksha, Vyarkarana, Chhandas, and Nirukti in Ayurveda give clarity on Swara Uccharana, Patha or Akshara Suddhi, grammatical analysis of verses, clarity in understanding Pada, Paada, etc., their origin and meaning and lastly memorizing it effortlessly. The importance of Kalpa and Jyotisha can be apricated throughout the Shastras of Ayurveda. Hence, an effort has been put forth to determine the applicability of these Vedangas in Ayurveda.

Manuscript on stylistic analysis of sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare

The present study deals with the stylistic analysis of Sonnet 29, written by a very eminent poet, dramatist, and sonneteer, William Shakespeare. This analysis has been done keeping several categories in mind, such as graphological, grammatical, phonological, morphological, and metrical analysis, to study in depth the linguistic elements of Sonnet 29 along with what the poet wants to convey through portraying a state of hopelessness, failure, melancholy, and later positivity in the presence of his beloved. Stylistic techniques are used to unveil the hidden beauty of the poet’s sentiments and writing technique. Since stylistics analysis deals with linguistic devices that impart expressive or literary refinement to written discourse, this analysis aids in comprehending how Shakespeare uplifts from negative thoughts to positive ones. This analysis delves into the theme of the sonnet, the poet’s historical background, structural components, linguistic devices, concluding with a conclusion, and references.

Americanisation: The deterioration of British English

The study of the influence of American English on British English is necessary to understand both the short-term and long-term prospects for the development of global English in the world and the linguistic changes associated with the world’s national languages. The purpose of study was to examine the key differences in vocabulary, grammar, orthoepy, and spelling between American English and British English. The principal methods used in the study were comparative, analytical, synthetic, and statistical analysis, as well as elements of lexical, grammatical, orthoepic, and spelling analysis. The study examined the use of English in education in the context of the linguistic landscape of Europe, specifically Poland. Considering the statistical data, it was concluded that the americanization of the English-speaking space continues and leads to a gradual simplification of grammatical orthographic and orthoepic patterns of British English. Globalization and technological advancements today present two possible scenarios for the development of English: linguistic convergence between British and American English or complete separation of these varieties. The study noted that the influence of American English on the educational environment in Poland is high, but the study of the global language is based on British standards. In the long run, the impact of americanization will increase not only on British English, but also on national languages, which may lead to the spread of pidgin (American-Polish). This study can be used in the research of linguistic patterns in historical dynamics, Americanized regional varieties of English, and monitoring of the linguistic situation in the world

Comparative Analysis of Semantic and Syntactic Approaches in Automatic Text Summarization: A Comprehensive Review and Evaluation

It is very important to use automatic text summarization to turn long chunks of text into short, useful snippets. In the area of automatic text summary, this study looks at both semantic and syntactic methods in great detail. Using methods like natural language understanding and semantic processing, semantic approaches try to get meaning and context from writing. These methods try to get at the main ideas and connections in the material so that recaps can be more complex and full of information. Syntactic methods, on the other hand, focus on the structure of language, such as grammar and syntax. To find important sentences and phrases for summarization, methods like sentence extraction based on grammar patterns and grammatical analysis are used. Syntactic methods often make sure that the outlines they create are grammatically right and make sense. This review compares both methods in a number of areas, such as how well they capture the spirit of the original text, how well the generated snippets make sense, how quickly they can be produced, and how well they can be used with different types of material. The pros and cons of each method are shown in comparative studies, which help us understand how they can be used in various areas and situations. Recent improvements that combine semantic and syntactic methods have also shown promise in making automatic recaps better overall and more helpful. The goal of these mixed methods is to make reports that are both verbally and semantically correct by using the benefits of both semantic understanding and syntactic structure. This review gives us a more complete picture of how automatic text summarization methods are changing. It stresses how important it is to look at both semantic and syntactic approaches in order to make the field move forward and create better and more advanced summary systems.

Grammatical Error Analysis of Postgraduate Theses in Natural Sciences

Grammatical Error Analysis of Postgraduate Theses in Natural Sciences

El sufijo <i>-nte</i> del verbo ser en español

In the conjugation tables of verbs in Spanish, the non-personal forms that are shown, taking amar as an example, are the infinitive (to sing, basic form of the verb), the gerund (singing, adverbial form) and the participle (sung, adjective). Related to this, we have in Spanish a derived element ending in -nte that can function either as a noun or as an adjective--cantante. In this paper, the existence and survival of the form in -nte of the Spanish verb ser (‘to be’) as a cultured word will be demonstrated, and it will be pointed out what the deverbal adjective with suffix -nte that corresponds to said verb is. Bibliographic research has been carried out and databases of the Royal Spanish Academy were consulted; and due to the nature of the object of study, a grammatical analysis of the element studied was conducted. In terms of results, a total of 39 occurrences of the word with the suffix -nte were found, of which 24 are shown in the article. In the conclusions, it is established that the derivative of being ending in -nte —which is present in the cultured speech— occurs from the 13th century to the present day.

Cognitive Implications of Polysemy in Bosnian Translations of Surah al-Balad

Using the descriptive-analytical method and grammatical analysis, this paper explores the phenomenon of lexical and grammatical polysemy in the 90 th Qur'anic surah al-Balad. Contemporary works from Cognitive Linguistics and the tafsir tradition form the basis of the research. Some key lexical units in this surah are characterised by polysemy, as observed by commentators of the Qur'an. The commitment to a specific semantic structure during interpretation can lead to semantic changes in the text’s higher structures. The paper’s aim is to present the cognitive implications of the use of such expressions, and to discover why Qur'an translators opted for specific interpretive matrices in the Bosnian language.