Gram Of Adsorbent Research Articles

Evaluation of the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins with a composite hydrogel based on chemically modified gelatin and PVA-containing graphene oxide nanoparticles

After being applied to pharmaceutics removal from water, the newly synthesized composite hydrogel based on chemically modified gelatin and PVA-containing graphene nanoparticles (CHGP-GOn), was now assessed for another application. The hydrogels were able to interact with Microcystis aeruginosa cells, resulting in the formation of small cell colonies and cell lysis related to exposure time. In the removal tests, the best general removal efficiency of cyanobacterial cells was achieved with the highest adsorbent mass at natural pH, achieving values of removal of 90 % for cells, 75 % chlorophyll-a, 63 % and 43 % for turbidity and visible colour removals, respectively. From the kinetic study, the results showed that cell inactivation has achieved removal equilibrium in 19 h, with a qe of 106 × 106 cells/g of CHGP-GOn. Furthermore, with the results from the other parameters, the tests presented a removal equilibrium of just 14 h, there was a removal of 4670 µg/L of Chlorophyll-a and 6450 µg/L/g of MC-LR microcystin per gram of adsorbent. The experimental data best fitted to the Elovich model, indicating possible removal by chemisorption. Analysis of cellular integrity and morphology showed that within just 12 h, few cyanobacterial cells showed membrane disruption and release of intracellular toxins, with an increase in the toxicity medium related to extended exposure time, and presentation of morphological and superficial cellular damage within 24 h. In addition, other characteristic measurements presented an exceptional mechanical strength and resistance that was slightly reduced after swelling. However, showing good development during adsorption tests under agitation, without any detachment of material and an absence of GO leaching. Therefore, it can be concluded that the synthesized hydrogel should be applied in removing M. aeruginosa cells and their toxins from water treatment, serving as an excellent alternative to traditional adsorbents.

Removal of Rhodamine B from water using natural clay: a study on adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental impact

ABSTRACT This study investigates the adsorption capabilities of natural clay for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) from water, emphasising its potential as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for water treatment. The adsorption process was studied at three temperatures, focusing on kinetics, thermodynamics, and equilibrium. UV Vis spectrophotometry confirmed that natural clay achieved a remarkable RhB removal efficiency exceeding 97%. Factors such as initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature significantly influenced the adsorption efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis revealed negative Gibbs free energy values (−26.27, −27.50, and −28.80 kJ/mol) across the tested temperatures (14°C, 24°C, and 34°C), indicating the spontaneous and favourable nature of RhB adsorption onto clay surfaces, which is further enhanced by higher temperatures due to its endothermic nature. Equilibrium data fitting favoured the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting heterogeneous adsorption, while kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Optimal conditions for maximum RhB removal were identified as 40 minutes contact time, initial pH 3.71, and 0.5 grams of adsorbent. These findings underscore natural clay’s potential for large-scale water treatment applications, offering both environmental benefits and economic viability as a sustainable solution to mitigate industrial dye contamination in water sources.

Utilizing silica fume and synthetically produced mesoporous silicas for simulated flue gas CO2 adsorption

ABSTRACT Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Solid adsorbents, notable for their reusability and corrosion resistance, are gaining attention in CO2 gas separation. This study uses Silica fume as an adsorbent and silica source for SiO2 and MCM-41 silica-based adsorbents. Silica was extracted via an alkaline dissolution method, and adsorbents were synthesized using a CO2-induced precipitation method, chosen for its shorter synthesis time and CO2 utilization. The effects of pore volume, average pore diameter, and specific surface area on amine loading and CO2 adsorption capacity were investigated using CTAB surfactant in SiO2 synthesis, resulting in MCM-41. The synthesized adsorbents were modified with TEPA and DEA amines due to their high affinity for CO2. After determining optimal amine loading, the impact of combining TEPA with DEA was examined. The highest CO2 adsorption capacity under simulated flue gas conditions (15% volume CO2 and 85% volume N2) was 198 milligrams per gram of adsorbent for the SiO2 adsorbent functionalized with 50% by weight amine (28% TEPA and 22% DEA). Variations in CO2 adsorption over time, the influence of adsorbent quantity on adsorption capacity, the affinity of the adsorbent for N2 adsorption, and the adsorption–desorption cycle were investigated. The 28%TEPA-22%DEA-SiO2 adsorbent emerged as the optimal choice due to its large total volume and average pore diameter, absence of a template in its structure, excellent performance in CO2 adsorption, lack of affinity for N2, and robust adsorption–desorption stability.

Synthesis of silver‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles with highly efficient adsorption of Congo red

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Ag were produced through a solvothermal method, with varying amounts of silver doping ranging from 0.5% to 1.5%. The samples were analyzed for crystallite sizes, structure, and metallic bondings using XRD, SEM, EDXS, and FTIR techniques. The BET surface areas were determined through nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The efficiency of the silver‐doped TiO2 NPs for removing Congo red (CR) was tested through adsorption experiments. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs doped with Ag were uniformly spherical in shape, with tiny average sizes ranging from 7.97 to 12.74 nm and large BET surface areas (98.41–166.1 m2 g−1). The silver‐doped TiO2 samples with a 0.5% Ag doping amount exhibited the highest adsorption capacity in CR removal, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 454.55 mg of dye per gram of adsorbent and a lower contact time of 20 min than other metal oxide NPs. The CR adsorption onto 0.5% Ag‐TiO2 obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.989), and the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation. The adsorbent could be efficiently reused for five consecutive cycles to remove CR.

Fiber welded EDTA-modified cellulose for remediation of heavy metal ions

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a well-known metal chelator and an attractive ligand for covalently modifying adsorbents for bioremediation. Cellulose, a naturally occurring biopolymer, has immense potential as an inexpensive, earth abundant, biocompatible scaffold for EDTA-facilitated environmental remediation; however, pretreatment of the material is required to achieve sufficient degrees of chemical modification. In this study, Natural Fiber Welding (NFW) is used to prepare commercial cotton Aida cloth for EDTA functionalization. Following NFW, the cotton scaffold was covalently modified with up to 0.56 mmol of EDTA per gram of adsorbent, a nearly 2.5-fold increase over native material. The welded EDTA-modified substrates were tested qualitatively against cobalt and quantitatively against nickel, reaching equilibrium binding capacities (qe) of up to 46 mg metal per g of adsorbent, on par with capacities reported from past work on EDTA-modified cellulose. In addition, adsorbent material could be regenerated using mild acid treatment with no significant loss in qe. Unlike the controls, the fiber-welded EDTA-Aida did not fray even after 3 chelation cycles, indicating enhanced textile robustness afforded through NFW treatment. Overall, NFW offers a new approach to converting commercially available, sustainable biomaterials into robust adsorbents for environmental remediation.

Activated carbon modification for real diesel adsorptive deep desulfurization: experiments and modeling

This study examined the desulfurization capacity of a high specific surface area activated carbon (AC) and its modifications for real diesel fuel of different sulfur concentrations. Adsorbent’s evaluation strategy included desulfurization experiments under batch and continuous conditions. Batch experiments were conducted by a homogeneous stirring of adsorbent and diesel fuel, while for the continuous tests, a fixed bed reactor was used to generate breakthrough desulfurization curves. In the fixed bed reactor’s tests, the sulfur removal – considering an initial concentration of about 6 parts per million weight (ppmw) – was substantial for the first 30 ml fuel per gram of adsorbent. For this specific quantity, the total sulfur content of the cumulatively processed fuel was less than 2 ppmw. The batch experimental results are elaborated using a mechanistic kinetic model for batch adsorption considering the total sulfur mass balance. Mass transfer coefficients are derived this way for all the conditions and adsorbents tested. The adsorption equilibrium data from batch experiments are utilized to model the fixed bed experimental results. In this way, mass transfer coefficients for the fixed bed are derived. In any case, the modeling results indicate that sulfur is not the only adsorbate of the process, but other adsorbates act competitively to sulfur, thereby complicating the process.

Sunlight-boosted recovery of precious metal ions from E-waste using tannin-grafted mesoporous silica

The escalating demand and dwindling reserves of precious metals request efficient recycling techniques from electron waste. Addressing this need, we introduce a new method utilizing tannin-grafted mesoporous silica for the sunlight-boosted recovery of precious metals. Our strategy leverages the inherent photoreactivity of tannins, enabling metal–ligand complexation and plasmonic enhancement of chemical reduction. The result is a marked increase in the adsorption capacity and the high selectivity towards precious metal ions in electronic waste. Our robust covalent bonding approach concentrated tannic acids onto silica at a high density (500,000 per square micrometer), which significantly boosted the adsorption of gold ions up to an 11-fold increase, even amidst a mixture of nine other metal species. Impressively, we achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 68.4 mmol per gram, equivalent to 13.4 g of gold per gram of adsorbent. Also, the adsorption rates for platinum and palladium ions were enhanced by 2.6 and 3.0 times, respectively. The underlying mechanism includes the visible-light-driven plasmonic hot electron transfer that affords nearly perfect selectivity for gold ions (approximately 99%). These findings not only advance the field of metal recovery from electronic waste but also offer an environmentally benign and cost-effective solution that harnesses renewable solar energy.

Adsorption kinetics of phosphorus on a calcium silicate hydrate based adsorbent

Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental element for plant and animal growth; however, an excessive amount of phosphorus can cause a threat to ecological environmental safety and human health. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize an adsorbent based on calcium silicate hydrates using mixture of polonite and calcium oxide and to determine its adsorption capacity for phosphorus ions. Additionally, pseudo-first- and pseudo-second- order kinetic models were employed to understand the adsorption process.The adsorbent based on calcium silicate hydrate was synthesized in a mixture of CaO and Polonite (CaO/SiO2 molar ratio 1.5) under hydrothermal conditions (16 h, 200 °C). It was determined that during hydrothermal treatment two crystalline (tobermorite and α-C2SH) and semicrystalline type calcium silicates hydrates were formed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at temperatures of 25, 35, and 45 °C in a thermostatic absorber by stirring 10 g of synthetic adsorbent in 1 l of KH2PO4 solution containing 0.2 g of P5+/L (20 mg of P5+ per gram of adsorbent) of phosphate ions. The duration of adsorption lasted up to 168 h. It was determined that adsorption capacity of synthetic adsorbent for phosphorus ions depends on the reaction duration and adsorption temperature. Synthetic adsorbent showed an extremely high adsorption capacity (>18 mg P5+/g) for phosphorus ions under all adsorption conditions. The most intensive adsorption occurred at a temperature of 35 °C as within 1 h 1 g of adsorbent adsorbed 16.6 mg of phosphorus. The equilibrium was reached after 48 h, when adsorption capacity reached 18.7 mg P5+/g. The kinetic calculations and the results of X-ray diffraction showed that chemisorption occurred during the experiments.

Neodymium adsorption from aqueous solution by β-cyclodextrin nanosponges and a polymer valorized from potato peels waste: experiments and conventional and statistical physics interpretations.

Using organic waste and residue streams to be turned into valuable and greener materials for various applications has proven an efficient and suitable strategy. In this work, two green materials (nanosponges and a polymer) were synthesized using potato peels and applied for the first time to adsorb and recover Neodymium (Nd3+) from aqueous solutions. The recovery of Nd3+ that belongs to the rare earth elements has attracted important interest due to its/their importance in several industrial and technological applications. The fine potato peel waste (FPPW) polymer presented an irregular shape and porous surface. At the same time, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanosponges had uniform distribution with regular and smooth shapes. β-CD nanosponges exhibited a much higher total carboxyl content (4.02mmolg-1) than FPPW (2.50mmolg-1), which could impact the Nd3+ adsorption performance because carboxyl groups can interact with cations. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of the pH, reaching its maximum at pHs 6-7 for β-CD nanosponges and 4-7 for FPPW polymer. The kinetic and equilibrium data were well-fitted by General order and Liu models. β-CD nanosponges attained adsorption capacity near 100mg Nd per gram of adsorbent. Thermodynamic and statistical physical results corroborated that the adsorption mechanism was due to electrostatic interaction/complexation and that the carboxyl groups were important in the interactions. β-CD nanosponges (three cycles of use) were more effective than FPPW (one cycle of use) in the regeneration. Finally, β-CD nanosponges could be considered an eco-friendly adsorbent to recover Nd3+ from aqueous matrices.

Analyzing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-Functionalized Porous Silica for Aqueous Uranium Removal: A Study on the Adsorption Behavior.

This study synthesized (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-functionalized porous silica (AP@MPS) to adsorb aqueous uranium (U(VI)). To comprehensively analyze the surface properties of the AP@MPS materials, a combination of SEM, BET, XPS, NMR, and zeta potential tests were conducted. The adsorption experiments for U(VI) revealed the rapid and efficient adsorption capacity of AP@MPS, with the solution condition of a constant solution pH = 6.5, an initial U(VI) concentration of 600 mg × L-1, a maximum U(VI) capacity of AP@MPS reaching 381.44 mg-U per gram of adsorbent, and a removal rate = 63.6%. Among the four types of AP@MPS with different average pore sizes tested, the one with an average pore size of 2.7 nm exhibited the highest U(VI) capacity, particularly at a pH of 6.5. The adsorption data exhibited a strong fit with the Langmuir model, and the calculated adsorption energy aligned closely with the findings from the Potential of Mean Force (PMF) analysis. The outcomes obtained using the Surface Complex Formation Model (SCFM) highlight the dominance of the coulombic force ΔG0coul as the principal component of the adsorption energy (ΔG0ads). This work garnered insights into the adsorption mechanism by meticulously examining the ΔG0ads across a pH ranging from 4 to 8. In essence, this study's findings furnish crucial insights for the future design of analogous adsorbents, thereby advancing the realm of uranium(VI) removal methodologies.

Insights on the Synthesis of Al-MCM-41 with Optimized Si/Al Ratio for High-Performance Antibiotic Adsorption.

Studies indicate that approximately two-thirds of the rivers of the world are contaminated by pharmaceutical compounds, especially antibiotics and hormones. Data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015) revealed an increase of 65% in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015, with a worldwide increase of 200% expected up to 2030. Environmental contamination by antibiotics and their metabolites can cause the alteration of bacterial genes, leading to the generation of superbacteria. In this work, adsorption was explored as a strategy to mitigate antibiotic contamination, proposing the use of the Al-MCM-41 mesoporous material as an efficient and high-capacity adsorbent. Evaluation of the influence of the synthesis parameters enabled understanding of the main variables affecting the adsorption capacity of Al-MCM-41 for the removal of a typical antibiotic, amoxicillin (AMX). It was found that the adsorbent composition and specific surface area were the main factors that should be optimized in order to obtain the highest AMX removal capacity. Using statistical tools, the best Si/Al ratio in Al-MCM-41 was found to be 10.5, providing an excellent AMX uptake of 132.2 mg per gram of adsorbent. The Si/Al ratio was the most significant factor affecting the adsorption. The cation-π interactions increased with an increase of the Al content, while the interactions involving silanols (Yoshida H-bonding and dipole-dipole hydrogen bridges) decreased.

Effect of Particle Size and Mass of Longan Peel (Euphoria Longan L.) as Adsorbent on The Adsorption of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue Dyes Using the Column Method

Dyes are a mixture of organic compounds that are synthesized in complex forms and are often used in the process of coloring products in various types of industries, so that this complex structure will be difficult to decompose naturally. Therefore, this dye will accumulate in the liquid waste. The accumulation of these dyes will cause harm to living things and the surrounding environment. Therefore, an effective method is needed to overcome this problem, a method that can be used to reduce the dye content in a simple and environmentally friendly way such as the adsorption method. In this study, the adsorption method using a column was used to absorb dyes from the cationic group, namely methylene blue and rhodamine B with adsorben derived from longan peel waste. In this study, the results obtained were the identification of longan peel containing several functional groups, namely O-H, C-H, C=O, -C-NO2, C=C, C-O-C, and C-N derived from alcohol, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, aromatic nitro compounds, and amines. By using a adsorbent particle size of 106 µm, it can absorb methylene blue and rhodamine B at 30.31 mg/g and 28.28 mg/g, respectively. The absorption of methylene blue with 0.1 gram of adsorbent resulted in an absorption capacity of 59.97 mg/g while 0.2 gram of adsorbent could absorb rhodamine B of 32.40 mg/g.

Metal organic frameworks for atmospheric water harvesting in desert environments: A comparative study

Air-water harvesting (AWH) technology is an effective way to solve the human water shortage. In arid and desert areas, the excellent flexibility and adaptability of adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (ABAWH) can overcome restrictions of conventional water sources, accomplishing decentralized water supply. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of emerging materials, are promising in improving efficiency of atmospheric water harvesting under low humidity conditions. The adsorption and desorption capacities of the adsorbent (MOF-801, silica gel, 13X molecular sieve and calcium chloride) were determined gravimetrically under a simulated desert environment (20 °C-relative humidity (RH) 20%; 20 °C-RH 30%; 20 °C-RH 40%; 30 °C-RH 30%; 40 °C-RH 30%). The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The water content in the air is directly proportional to the efficiency of atmospheric water harvesting, which is mainly determined by temperature and relative humidity. Under low humidity experimental conditions, the adsorption (desorption) amount for the MOF-801 is determined to be on average 190% (109%) and 132% (146%) of that of silica gel and the 13X molecular sieve, respectively. (2) We also illustrate the first-order kinetics of adsorption using MOF-801 by linear driving force model, with R2 values of 0.9935. (3) The “matrix sets of differences” result shows an increasing weight of impact on performance as: number of particles per gram of adsorbent (N) > particle radius (R) > relative humidity (H) > temperature (T) > material type (M). Only R shows a negative correlation, and the remaining factors show a positive correlation.

Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Guard Bed Adsorption of Activated Carbon and Locally Prepared Cu-Y Zeolite

Desulfurization of a simulated diesel fuel by different adsorbents was studied in a fixed-bed adsorption process operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three different adsorption beds were used, commercial activated carbon, Cu-Y zeolite, and layered bed of 15wt% activated carbon followed by Cu-Y zeolite.Initially Y-zeolite was prepared from Iraqi rice husk and then impregnated with copper. In general, the adsorbents tested for total sulfur adsorption capacity at break through followed the order Ac/Cu-Y zeolite>Cu-Y zeolite>Ac. The best adsorbent, Ac/Cu-Y zeolite is capable of producing more than 30 cm3 of simulated diesel fuel per gram of adsorbent with a weighted average content of 5 ppm-S, while Cu-Y zeolite producing of about 20 cm3 of diesel fuel per gram of adsorbent with a weighted average content of 2ppm-S. Activated carbon breaks through almost immediately.

Application of zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash via wet milling as a sustainable resource on lead(II) removal.

In this work, zeolite based on coal fly ash was firstly synthesized via wet milling for the adsorption of lead (Pb(II)). The effects of contact time, solid-to-liquid ratio and initial pH of solution on Pb(II) removal were investigated in detail. The experimental data showed that synthesized zeolite has high adsorption capacity of 99.082 mg of Pb(II) per gram of adsorbent. Coal fly ash zeolite synthesized by wet milling has good Pb(II) adsorption performance when the initial pH of the solution is above 5. The adsorption kinetic results demonstrated that removal of Pb(II) via the synthesized zeolite followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results directly demonstrated the adsorption between Pb(II) and synthesized zeolite, and a possible reaction pathway was proposed. Specifically, the removing mechanism of Pb(II) from aqueous solution via the synthesized zeolite involves two stages: one is that Pb(II) in aqueous solution is absorbed on the interior of the synthesized zeolite, and the other is chemical precipitation.

PEMBUATAN BIOADSORBEN DARI KOMBINASI KITOSAN DAN KULIT JAGUNG PADA PROSES PEMURNIAN MINYAK JELANTAH

Adsorbent is a solid substance that can absorb certain components from a fluid phase. Adsorbents consist of materials that are porous and directly hit the pore walls at a pertical location. The purpose of this final project is to see whether the purification of used cooking oil with the adsorbent method using a mixture of corn husk and shrimp shell chitosan adsorbents in several comparisons has an effect in purifying used cooking oil. This research was conducted by adsorption method of used cooking oil samples using corn husk bioadsorbent and shrimp shell chitosan. The use of this used cooking oil adsorbent process is so that used cooking oil that is no longer suitable for use in the community can be reused. Then proceed with the adsorption process starting with 100 ml of oil added 5 g of adsorbent with variations in the mass ratio of chitosan and corn husk = ((25: 75), (50: 50), and (75:25)%) stirring constantly for 90 minutes with temperature 70-80 C. The best results based on SNI cooking oil are in a ratio of 3,5 g: 1,5 g to 5 grams of adsorbent used or at a ratio of 75% corn husk adsorbent: 25% shrimp shell chitosan, with an acid number of 0,62 mg KOH /g, the free fatty acid compound is 0,80% and the peroxide number is 6,36 meq 02/kg.

Biochars and Activated Biocarbons Prepared via Conventional Pyrolysis and Chemical or Physical Activation of Mugwort Herb as Potential Adsorbents and Renewable Fuels

The main objective of this study was to prepare a series of biochars and activated biocarbons via conventional pyrolysis as well as chemical or physical activation of solid residue after solvent extraction of wild growing plant (popular weed)-mugwort. The influence of the variant of the thermochemical treatment of the precursor on such parameters as elemental composition, textural parameters, acidic-basic character of the surface as well as adsorption abilities of the prepared carbonaceous materials was checked. Moreover, the suitability of the biochars prepared as renewable fuels was also investigated. It has been shown that the products obtained from the mugwort stems differ in many respects from the analogous materials obtained from mugwort leaves. The products were micro/mesoporous materials with surface area reaching 974.4 m2/g and total pore volume-1.190 cm3/g. Surface characterization showed that chemical activation with H3PO4 results in the acidic character of the adsorbents surface, whereas products of pyrolysis and especially physical activation show strongly alkaline surface properties. All the adsorbents were used for methylene blue and iodine adsorption from the aquatic environment. To understand the nature of the sorption process, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed. The Langmuir model best described the experimental results, and the maximum sorption capacity calculated for this model reached 164.14 mg of methylene blue per gram of adsorbent. In case of iodine removal, the maximum capacity reached 948.00 mg/g. The research carried out for the biochars prepared via conventional pyrolysis showed that the value of their heat of combustion varies in the range from 21.74 to 30.27 MJ/kg, so they can be applied as the renewable fuels.

Electrochemical recycling of homogeneous catalysts.

Homogeneous catalysts have rapid kinetics and keen reaction selectivity. However, their widespread use for industrial catalysis has remained limited because of challenges in reusability. Here, we propose a redox-mediated electrochemical approach for catalyst recycling using metallopolymer-functionalized electrodes for binding and release. The redox platform was investigated for the separation of key platinum and palladium homogeneous catalysts used in organic synthesis and industrial chemical manufacturing. Noble metal catalysts for hydrosilylation, silane etherification, Suzuki cross-coupling, and Wacker oxidation were recycled electrochemically. The redox electrodes demonstrated high sorption uptake for platinum-based catalysts (Qmax up to 200 milligrams of platinum per gram of adsorbent) from product mixtures, with up to 99.5% recovery, while retaining full catalytic activity over multiple cycles. The combination of mechanistic studies and electronic structure calculations indicate that selective interactions with anionic intermediates during the catalytic cycle played a key role in the separations. Last, continuous flow cell studies support the scalability and favorable technoeconomics of electrochemical recycling.

Heavy Metal Removal with NanoTiO2/Chitosan Modified Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)

Background: Heavy metal contamination of water resources has been identified as one of the most serious environmental issues. Chemical modification of hydrophobic polymer matrices is another approach for changing their surface properties for water treatment. The addition of nanoparticles to polymers alters surface characteristics such as adsorption capacity, adhesion, catalytic ability, and wettability to heavy metals in wastewater. Objective: Evaluation of the nanomodified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer as a heavy metal adsorbent from wastewater. Methods: In the field of emission discharges from industries and domestic wastes that contain unknown inorganic pollutants by PVC using grafting chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites. The characterization of different thin films was performed using TEM, XRD, and FTIR. The metal concentrations were measured by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Results: Nanomodification of PVC was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. The presence of chlorine in the PVC structure before and after the nanomodification is confirmed by the presence of a peak at 690 cm-1 attributed to the axial deformation of the C-Cl bond. The nanomodified PVC showed an ion exchange capacity of 1.27 mmol-1 , and efficiently removed the heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The heavy metal removal effectiveness (R) was improved by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. The amount adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (Qe) was computed and revealed that the amount of adsorption increased for nanomodified PVC thin film as compared to 100% PVC thin film. The nanomodified PVC thin film showed high stability for 4 cycles of use. This improvement has been attributed to the nanomodified PVC polymer's large surface area (ranging from 0.3 to 282 m2 /g). Conclusion: The modification of PVC with nanoparticles increases the cost of PVC thin film by 15%. However, it offers efficiency 3 times than the original PVC.

The Ecofriendly Biosorbent of Methylene Blue Using Banana Peels Waste

This research aimed to synthesize and characterize the properties of green banana peel waste to be used as adsorbent material. The green banana peel waste was prepared by sieved to be banana powder and then characterized by XRD, FTIR, XRF, and TGA. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue was tested using a simple method, the “batch method”, with further analysis by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The XRF results of green banana peel showed that most of the composition is potassium and phosphorus. The methylene blue adsorption capacity of banana peel material is up to 75.10% with 0.5 grams of adsorbent, which is more significant than in the banana peel, which is 68.04% with 0.2 grams.