Grafting Of Glycidyl Methacrylate Research Articles

β-Lactoglobulin-based aerogels: Facile preparation and sustainable removal of organic contaminants from water

Economically and efficiently removing organic pollutants from water is still a challenge in wastewater treatment. Utilizing environmentally friendly and readily available protein-based natural polymers to develop aerogels with effective removal performance and sustainable regeneration capability is a promising strategy for adsorbent design. Here, a robust and cost-effective method using inexpensive β-lactoglobulin (BLG) as raw material was proposed to fabricate BLG-based aerogels. Firstly, photocurable BLG-based polymers were synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate. Then, a cross-linking reaction, including photo-crosslinking and salting-out treatment, was applied to prepared BLG-based hydrogels. Finally, the BLG-based aerogels with high porosity and ultralight weight were obtained after freeze-drying. The outcomes revealed that the biocompatible BLG-based aerogels exhibited effective removal performance for a variety of organic pollutants under perfectly quiescent conditions, and could be regenerated and reused many times via a simple and rapid process of acid washing and centrifugation. Overall, this work not only demonstrates that BLG-based aerogels are promising adsorbents for water purification but also provides a potential way for the sustainable utilization of BLG.

Improvement in non‐linear electrical conductivity of silicone rubber by incorporating zinc oxide fillers and grafting small polar molecules

AbstractSilicone rubber (SiR) is commonly used in reinforced insulation parts for high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) cable accessories due to its excellent insulation, elasticity, and high‐temperature resistance. HVDC cable accessories always suffer from the local electric field concentration due to the electrical conductivity mismatch between reinforced insulation and main insulation, which can ultimately lead to electric breakdown. The non‐linear conductive composites based on SiR have the ability to adaptively adjust the distribution of the electric field in cable accessories. This is expected to solve the problem of localised electric field concentration. The zinc oxide (ZnO) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) are used as fillers and grafted modifier respectively to improve the non‐linear electrical conductivity of ZnO/SiR‐GMA composites. The results indicate that grafting GMA can increase electrical conductivity of SiR, while doping ZnO filler enables SiR to have non‐linear conductivity characteristics. The combination of doping and grafting modification of the composites achieves excellent non‐linear conductive properties at lower ZnO filler content. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the modified composites are enhanced. The simulation results indicate that ZnO/SiR‐GMA is the most effective material for homogenising the electric field when used as reinforced insulation for cable intermediate joints.

Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Boron Adsorbents Derived from Modified Waste Feathers.

This research focuses on modifying discarded feathers by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto their surface through thiolation, followed by an epoxy ring-opening reaction with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) to synthesize feather-based boron adsorbents. Optimization of the adsorbent preparation conditions was achieved through single-factor experiments, varying temperature, time, GMA concentration, and initiator dosage. The synthesized adsorbent (F-g-GMA-NMDG) underwent characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent was studied, and its boron adsorption capacity at different temperatures was determined through static adsorption kinetic curves. Analysis of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics was conducted. Results indicate that the boron adsorption process by F-g-GMA-NMDG follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process is endothermic, with higher temperatures promoting adsorption efficiency. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) confirms the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Enhanced adsorption efficacy was observed under neutral and acidic pH conditions. After four cycles, the adsorbent maintained its adsorption efficiency, demonstrating its stability and potential for reuse. This study provides novel insights into both the treatment of discarded feathers and the development of boron adsorbents.

Utilizing methacrylated lignin as a sustainable macro-crosslinker for synthesizing innovative PVA/AMPS composites crosslinked hydrogel nanofibers: A potential application for lithium-ion battery separators

There are significant issues with commercial separators that must be resolved before they can be used in high-energy-density batteries. These problems include low porosity, poor electrolyte wetting, and low mechanical properties. This study presents a facile method for preparing composite crosslinked hydrogel nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) for lithium-ion battery separators by utilizing methacrylated lignin (LMA) as a bio-based crosslinker. Initially, LMA was synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto lignin via esterification. Subsequently, a crosslinked hydrogel nanofiber membrane (PVA/AMPS-LMA) was electrospun with varying LMA fractions, which were polymerized by combining free radical copolymerization and esterification reactions. The effectiveness of LMA as a crosslinker was assessed against the N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). The study showed that using LMA as a crosslinker significantly improved the membrane's properties. The PVA/AMPS-LMA separator displayed superior features such as mechanical strength, thermal stability, porosity, electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity, and lithium-ion transference number, when compared with PVA/AMPS, PVA, and Celgard separators. Specifically, the PVA/AMPS-LMA separator demonstrated a high mechanical strength of 24.9 MPa, strong thermal stability at 170 °C with no shrinkage, high porosity (84.3 %), and electrolyte uptake (661.4 %). It also exhibited exceptional ionic conductivity (2.75 mS/cm) and a notable lithium-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.717). In coin batteries, the PVA/AMPS-LMA separator retained over 96 % capacity (142.4 mAh/g) after 200 cycles at 1C. This performance exceeded that of PVA/AMPS, PVA, and Celgard separators, suggesting that PVA/AMPS-LMA separators have the potential to replace their commercial counterparts.

Investigating the non‐linear conductivity properties of silicone rubber co‐modified with doped calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide and grafted glycidyl methacrylate

AbstractIn order to solve the issue of localised electric field concentration in high‐voltage direct current cable accessories, a method for preparing a composite material with high conductivity and nonlinear conductivity properties is proposed. The authors employed homemade calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide (CCTO@ZnO) as a filler and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a grafted small molecule to co‐regulate the non‐linear conductivity of silicone rubber (SiR). The results indicate that doping CCTO@ZnO can enable SiR to acquire non‐linear conduction properties and grafting GMA can significantly enhance the conductivity of SiR. However, both doping CCTO@ZnO and grafting GMA have a negative impact on the breakdown performance of SiR. Simulation results indicate that reinforced insulators made from doped and grafted co‐modified composites can improve the distribution of electric fields in cable accessories.

Preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐grafted NR and modified cassava starch as eco‐friendly materials for sustainable agriculture

AbstractEco‐friendly hydrogel was developed using natural rubber latex (NR) and cassava starch (CSt) through grafting modifications to enhance their swelling and water retention by selecting suitable grafting components and improving compatibility. To improve its hydrophilicity and compatibility with CSt, NR was grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (NR‐g‐GMA, NRG). Subsequently, CSt was grafted with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM), crosslinked with N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA), and ultimately interpenetrated by NRG to produce CSt‐g‐PAA/NRG and CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG hydrogels, respectively. The obtained hydrogels were characterized by various techniques. Results revealed that CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG exhibited exceptional equilibrium water swelling (Seq) at 2413%, surpassing CSt‐g‐PAA/NRG (416%), and CSt/NR (146%). This was attributed to the synergistic effects of the improved NR polarity and compatibility, the looser structures, the higher rate constant of water swelling (20.06%/s), and the greater compatibility between compositions compared to the CSt‐g‐PAA/NRG system. Therefore, AM was the suitable grafting monomer for the CSt/NRG hydrogel system. Also, the CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG hydrogel exhibited remarkable water retention for up to 30 days with excellent biodegradation (55%) and good biosafety. This study demonstrates a promising strategy for improving swelling capacity (~1600%) and water retention (58%) of biodegradable CSt/NR hydrogels as a low‐cost coating membrane for sustainable agriculture.Highlights Boost of NR hydrophilicity and compatibility via GMA grafting to generate NRG. Fabrication of CSt‐g‐PAA/NRG and CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG hydrogels by semi‐IPN technique. CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG swelling showed a significant improvement over CSt‐g‐PAA/NRG. AM was the suitable grafting monomer for the CSt/NRG hydrogel system. CSt‐g‐PAM/NRG showed good biodegradability and water retention for agriculture.

Modification of epoxy asphalt by low‐doping PE‐GMA and PE‐MAH

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate (PE‐GMA) and low‐density polyethylene maleic anhydride (PE‐MAH) are low‐cost commercialized polymeric materials. Because of their low viscosity, molecular flexibility, solubility parameters, and polarity similar to asphalt or epoxy resins, PE‐GMA and PE‐MAH are added to epoxy asphalt (EA) to improve the compatibility and toughness of EA. The microstructure, viscosity, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical behavior, and mechanical properties of PE‐GMA and PE‐MAH modified EA were investigated. Smaller and more uniformly distributed asphalt particles were formed in mixes with lower PE‐GMA or PE‐MAH content. The polymer dispersity index of the modified EA is 1.1–1.4 lower than that of the pure EA, and compatibility is significantly improved. The reason is that PE‐GMA and PE‐MAH are polyethylene with polar functional groups, and their molecular structure includes both polar functional groups and nonpolar polyethylene chains, improving the compatibility between polar epoxy resin and nonpolar asphalt in EA. In addition, the incorporation of PE‐GMA or PE‐MAH effectively improves the low‐temperature toughness of EA. It also has high damping performance and tan δ, improved the durability and comfort of EA pavement.

Enhancing the formation of eco-friendly CO2 adsorbent through utilizing the RSM technique and implementation of PAN/PU electrospinning and radiation-grafted approaches

In this research, the original, efficient, novel NF-PAN/PU-GMA-EA nanocomposite was fabricated and used as an adsorbent to remove carbon dioxide from methane. For this purpose, two cheap polymers, including industrial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and industrial polyurethane (PU) were used to prepare NF-PAN nanofibers under the electrospinning method. Then, the synthesis procedure was performed by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto NF-PAN nanofibers and ethanolamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA), and triethylamine (TEA) as the modified agents. In addition, the response surface methodology based on the central composite design experiments was developed to predict adsorption capacity. The aforementioned approach determined the impacts of GMA monomer (10–30%); gamma radiation at doses (10–50 kGy); and amine concentrations (40–100%). The results showed that ethanolamine was the best amine to modify the surface of NF-PAN/PU nanofibers. The highest adsorption was obtained equal to 2.95 mmol CO2/g adsorbents at a radiation dose of 28.03 kGy, 25.77% GMA and 66.45% EA. The results described that the variation from micro to nanoscale increases the adsorption capacity. Also, a significant increase in the adsorption capacity in the radiation-grafted adsorbent was observed equally to be 73.15% higher than the non-irradiated adsorbent. The adsorption capacity was decreased by about 9% after four adsorption and desorption cycles (regeneration at 80 °C and 15 min), indicating the proper performance of the novel eco-friendly synthesized adsorbents.

Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of Polypropylene/Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafted Polypropylene/Nano-ZrO2 Ternary System

Extensive research has focused on enhancing the energy storage density of polypropylene (PP) to meet the demands of high-power and compact electronic devices and electrical systems. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the delicate balance between energy storage density and dielectric loss. Dielectric loss can lead to excessive heat generation, posing a threat to the operation of energy storage capacitors. In this study, PP grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as a compatibilizer and incorporated into a PP/nano ZrO2 blend to form a ternary system of PP/nano ZrO2/PP grafted GMA. A comparative study was conducted to analyze the effects of GMA grafting and individual doping of nano ZrO2 on the dielectric performance of PP. The results demonstrate that the ternary system not only ensures a high breakdown voltage (382.29 MV/m) but also possesses a high dielectric constant (2.67), thereby achieving an energy storage density of 1.7275 J/cm3 while maintaining low dielectric loss. Furthermore, grafting GMA introduces a significant number of deep traps, a phenomenon substantiated by the results of thermal stimulated depolarization current tests and molecular simulation calculations. However, the ternary system partially avoids the introduction of excessive deep traps associated with GMA grafting. This ternary system exhibits excellent energy storage performance, ease of fabrication, and stability, thereby enriching the research on polymer-based high-energy density dielectric materials.

In situ bioprinting of double network anti-digestive xanthan gum derived hydrogel scaffolds for the treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas

The clinical treatment of enterocutaneous fistula is challenging and causes significant patient discomfort. Fibrin gel can be used to seal tubular enterocutaneous fistulas, but it has low strength and poor digestion resistance. Based on in situ bioprinting and the anti-digestive properties of xanthan gum (XG), we used carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and xanthan gum modified by grafted glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and aldehyde (GCX) as the ink to print a double network hydrogel that exhibited high strength and an excellent anti-digestive performance. In addition, in vitro studies confirmed the biocompatibility, degradability, and self-healing of hydrogels. In our rabbit tubular enterocutaneous fistula model, the in situ printed hydrogel resisted corrosion due to the intestinal fluid and acted as a scaffold for intestinal mucosal cells to proliferate on its surface. To summarize, in situ bioprinting GCX/CMC double network hydrogel can effectively block tubular enterocutaneous fistulas and provide a stable scaffold for intestinal mucosal regeneration.

Effect of pretreatment on the interfacial bonding strength between modified polyolefin and aluminum foil treated with trivalent chromium chemical conversion: Experimental, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulation

Good adhesive strength and joint durability are necessary for aluminum (Al)/polymer laminated film for lithium-ion battery packages. A pretreatment method involving alkaline degreasing followed by acid pickling was employed to treat the Al foil surface to facilitate the deposition of trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] conversion coating on the surface. The adhesive strength between propylene-based elastomer grafted glycidyl methacrylate (GMA-g-PBE) and Cr(III)-converted Al foil pretreated with 0.5 M HF pickling was 51% higher than Cr(III)-converted Al foil without pretreatment. Moreover, the effect of different pretreatments on the interfacial bond strength of GMA-g-PBE/Cr(III)-converted Al foil was studied from macroscopic to microscopic perspectives. The results indicate that the pretreatment of 0.5 M HF pickling results in complete coverage of the Cr(III) compounds and the formation of a thicker Cr(III) conversion coating on the Al foil compared to other pretreatments. A higher content of Cr(III) compounds results in an increased surface free energy of Cr(III)-converted Al foil, improving the wettability of adhesive melt on the substrate and enhancing the adhesion strength. Moreover, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the interface bonding mechanism, and the results indicate that GMA in the adhesive exhibits a higher binding energy with Cr(III) oxides and hydroxides compared to Al oxides and hydroxides.

Probing the Effect of Linear and Crosslinked POE-g-GMA on the Properties of Asphalt.

The copolymer ethylene-octene (POE) has good aging resistance and is an inexpensive asphalt additive compared to the styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS). However, POE is easy to segregate in asphalt during storage at high temperatures. Grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the molecular backbone of POE (i.e., POE-g-GMA) may solve this problem, for the epoxy groups in GMA can react with the active groups in asphalt. Asphalt modified with linear and crosslinked POE-g-GMA were prepared, and the hot storage stability, physical properties and thermal oxidation aging properties were discussed in detail. The results show that linear and low-degree crosslinked POE-g-GMA-modified asphalts are storage-stable at high temperatures via measurements of the difference in softening points and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterizations from macro and micro perspectives. The difference in softening points (ΔSP) between the upper and lower ends is no more than 3.5 °C for modified asphalts after 48 h of being in an oven at 163 °C. More importantly, the crosslinking modification of POE-g-GMA can further increase the softening point and reduce the penetration as well as rheological properties via conventional physical property, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and multiple-stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests. Furthermore, asphalt modified with crosslinked POE-g-GMA reveals better aging resistance via measurements of the performance retention rate and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterizations after a rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT). This work may provide further guidelines for the application of polymers in asphalt.

Polyfunctional phytic acid-based reactive diluent for UV-curable coating with improved flame-retardant performance and toughness

The shortcomings of oligomer resin, including its high viscosity, easy brittleness and lack of flame-retardant performance, obviously limit the application fields of the related coatings. Herein, a UV-curable polyfunctional biomass-based diluent (PAGMA) is conveniently and effectively synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto phytic acid. The structural characterization of PAGMA is identified by FT-IR and 1H NMR tests. Moreover, PAGMA diluent is mixed with UV-curable epoxidized soybean oil-based acrylic resin (ESO-based resin), and the influences of PAGMA on the viscosity of ESO-based resin, the mechanical property and the flame-retardant efficiency of the related films are systemically researched. All results demonstrate that the viscosity of composite resin (R2 resin) with 20 wt% PAGMA reduces by 39.2% compared with that of ESO-based resin. And the toughness of the cured film (F2 film) prepared by R2 resin achieves about 1.18 MJ·m-3, which is 2.26 times as large as the cured film prepared without PAGMA (F0 film). Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index value of F2 film improves by 31.2% compared with that of F0 film, and the F2 film can self-extinguish after being ignited. Thus, the prepared polyfunctional biomass diluent can be applied to UV-curable coatings to decline the coating viscosity and enhance the comprehensive properties of coating films, which assists in broadening the application fields of UV-curable materials, especially in fire prevention.

Boron Adsorption Using NMDG-Modified Polypropylene Melt-Blown Fibers Induced by Ultraviolet Grafting.

Boron is in high demand in many sectors, yet there are significant flaws in current boron resource utilization. This study describes the synthesis of a boron adsorbent based on polypropylene (PP) melt-blown fiber using ultraviolet (UV)-induced grafting of Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PP melt-blown fiber, followed by an epoxy ring-opening reaction with N-methyl-D-glucosamine (NMDG). Using single-factor studies, grafting conditions such as the GMA concentration, benzophenone dose, and grafting duration were optimized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact angle were used to characterize the produced adsorbent (PP-g-GMA-NMDG). The PP-g-GMA-NMDG adsorption process was examined by fitting the data with different adsorption settings and models. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process was compatible with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model; however, the internal diffusion model suggested that the process was impacted by both extra- and intra-membrane diffusion. According to thermodynamic simulations, the adsorption process was exothermic. At pH 6, the greatest saturation adsorption capacity to boron was 41.65 mg·g-1 for PP-g-GMA-NMDG. The PP-g-GMA-NMDG preparation process is a feasible and environmentally friendly route, and the prepared PP-g-GMA-NMDG has the advantages of high adsorption capacity, outstanding selectivity, good reproducibility, and easy recovery when compared to similar adsorbents, indicating that the reported adsorbent is promising for boron separation from water.

Radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto natural cotton fibers and trimethylamine modification for p-nitrophenol adsorption

The pre-irradiation grafting procedure was employed to achieve the grafting of natural cotton fibers (Cot) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). It was found that the extent of grafting (DG) of GMA was influenced by the dose of radiation that was absorbed; increased doses led to larger DGs. Dose of 10 kGy was chosen for the preparation of the GMA grafted cotton (Cot-g-GMA); this provided a DG of 200%. Subsequently, (Cot-g-GMA) was modified using Trimethylamine (TMA). In order to describe the physiochemical qualities of the fibrous adsorbent, the fibrous adsorbent was characterized with the use of FTIR, FESEM, XRD, TG-DTG, and pHpzc. In addition, the designed TMA(Cot-g-GMA) adsorbent was utilized to examine the adsorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution. An examination was made of the adsorption kinetics and isotherm in order to permit the elucidation of the adsorption of p-nitrophenol behavior. In accordance with the findings emerging from this work, p-nitrophenol adsorption was described with a pseudo-second order. Moreover, the fact that the Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit was determined by the isotherm analysis. In relation to adsorption capacity, the maximum capacity achieved was 180 mg/g at 298 K. The spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption was identified by thermodynamic analysis. Specifically, it is evident that adsorbent can be readily reproduced and recycled with no accompanying loss of adsorptive performance in the alkaline medium. These findings indicate the potential of the fibrous bio adsorbent as a means of eliminating p-nitrophenol from wastewater.

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Thermally Conductive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive with UV-Responsive Peelability.

Thermally conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) has received a great amount of attention in recent years, but the traditional PSA hardly loses adhesion properties after UV irradiation or heating. Therefore, endowing thermally conductive adhesive with UV-responsive peelability becomes a design strategy. Herein, vinyl-functionalized graphene (AA-GMA-G) is prepared by modifying graphene with acrylic acid and subsequently reacting with glycidyl methacrylate. Then, the UV-curable acrylate copolymer is synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate. Finally, the novel thermally conductivity PSA with UV-responsive peelability is obtained by blending the copolymer with AA-GMA-G and photoinitiator. The results show that the PSA at 2wt% AA-GMA-G loading exhibits an excellent thermal conductivity (0.74Wm-1 K-1 ) and a relatively strong peel strength, increasing by 15% compared with pristine graphene/PSA. Interestingly, the peel strength of AA-GMA-G/PSA can achieve a dramatic drop after UV treatment, and the decrease rate is 96.7%. Therefore, the novel thermally conductive PSA with UV-responsive peelability has potential applications in certain electronic devices.

Constructing stable “bridge” structures with compatibilizer POE‐g‐GMA to improve the compatibility of starch‐based composites

AbstractWith the development of degradation technologies such as chemical‐catalysis and bio‐catalysis, starch‐polyethylene (PE) composites have been revitalized as industrial packaging materials. However, starch and PE suffer from interfacial incompatibility. In this study, poly(octene ethylene) grafted glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA) was added at relatively low amounts (0–7 wt%) to construct robust structures between thermoplastic starch (TPS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Tensile strength increased by 36.39% with the addition of 1 wt% POE‐g‐GMA. Meanwhile, a smooth surface was observed by SEM, and a fibrillar cross‐linked structure appeared on the fractural surface of the blend. POE‐g‐GMA formed a stable “bridge” at the interface between TPS and LDPE, which increased the thermal stability of the blend as well. The crystallinity of LDPE increased from 20.5% (without addition) to 32.8% (with 1 wt% addition), whereas the average crystallite size decreased slightly. The optimal POE‐g‐GMA content was found to be 1 wt% based on mechanical and thermal measurements. The results of this study can provide a reference for improving the interfacial compatibility of biopolymers and fossil‐fuel‐based polymers.

Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Melt Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate onto Polypropylene.

It is considered to be one of the most effective strategies to prepare functionalized polypropylene (PP) materials via the melt grafting of polar monomers onto PP chains. However, the grafting efficiency of functional monomers is generally low. To achieve a high grafting efficiency, we explored the effect of tea polyphenols (C), which are good free radical scavengers, on the melt grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PP chains initiated by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Specifically, 0.5~3 wt% of tea polyphenols (C) were introduced to the PP/DCP/GMA melt blending system. The morphology, melt flow rate (MFR), thermal and mechanical properties of tea polyphenols (C) incorporated PP/DCP/GMA blends were investigated systematically. The results showed that the proper amount of tea polyphenols (C) (0.5~2 wt%) promoted the grafting of GMA. Unexpectedly, the PP backbone suffered from more severe degradation with the addition of tea polyphenols (C). The phenomena were ascribed to the reaction between phenolic hydroxyl groups of tea polyphenols (C) and epoxy groups of grafted GMA, which was revealed by the FTIR results. In addition, according to DSC and the tensile test, the co-grafting of GMA and tea polyphenols (C) improved the crystallization ability, yield strength and Young's modulus of the PP matrix.

Effective adsorption of bovine serum albumin by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers modified with glycidyl methacrylate grafting, hexamethylenediamine attachment and Cu2+ adsorption

Effective adsorption of bovine serum albumin by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers modified with glycidyl methacrylate grafting, hexamethylenediamine attachment and Cu2+ adsorption

Grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto high-modulus carbon fiber by acid activation synergized with ionization radiation

The extreme chemical inertness of high-modulus carbon fiber (HMCF) makes its functionalization quite difficult. In this work, a new method was explored to grafted glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the surface of HMCF combined acid activation with co-radiation grafting. Structural changes and surface morphologies were investigated in detail. GMA was successfully grafted on to HMCF after acid activation synergized with ionization radiation, and the grafting degree was calculated to be 22%. The O/C atom ratio, content of the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. After acid activation and grafting, the hydrophilicity is effectively improved, and it can be wetted by water with good dispersibility in water. The surface structure of the fiber became highly disordered after grafting GMA. Finally, the grafting mechanism was discussed. The carboxyl groups introduced by the acid activation should be responsible for the successful grafting of the HMCF. This work provides a new pathway to fulfill the modification of HMCF and will be beneficial for obtaining high performance HMCF composites.