Graft Success Rate Research Articles

Endoscopic Cartilage Slice Reinforcement Technique for Anterior Perforation Repair with Anterior Canal Wall Protrusion.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and complications of the endoscopic cartilage slice reinforcement technique used on anterior margins for anterior perforation repair with anterior canal wall protrusion. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 38 cases of anterior perforation with anterior canal wall protrusion, treated using the endoscopic cartilage slice reinforcement technique from February 1, 2017 to August 29, 2023. The follow-up period was 6 months. Results: Of the 38 patients, medium perforations were present in 28.9%, large in 65.8%, and subtotal in 5.3%. The cause was mucosal chronic otitis media in 92.1%, traumatic perforation in 5.3%, and ventilation tube removal in 2.6%. The average operation time was 27.2 ± 4.6 minutes. The graft success rate was 94.7% (36/38) at 6 months postoperative. The average preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 19.8 ± 4.2 dB, and postoperative ABG was 8.6 ± 2.9 dB; this improvement was statistically significant (P < .001; paired-sample t-test). The ABG gain was 11.8 ± 5.1 dB, and the rate of successful surgery (postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB) was 97.4% (37/38). No complications such as altered taste, vertigo, or tinnitus were reported, and no cases involved graft lateralization, significant blunting, graft atelectasis, graft adhesions, or effusion. However, myringitis was observed in 4 (10.5%) patients. Conclusion: The endoscopic cartilage slice reinforcement technique for anterior margins is a simple and effective method for repairing anterior perforations with anterior canal wall protrusion, achieving a high graft success rate, improved hearing, and minimal complications.

Growing Tomato Seedlings Suitable for Mechanical Grafting under Regulated Light Regime

Abstract: The uniformity of growth and mechanical properties of grafted seedlings affect the quality of mechanical grafting operations. The growth uniformity of grafted seedlings in a greenhouse will be poor due to the uneven and unstable light and temperature conditions. Plant factories can cultivate grafted seedlings in the most suitable environment by regulating environmental parameters such as light and temperature. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the light conditions on tomato seedlings in plant factory and to develop an optimal cultivation light formula. The effects of light intensity (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μmol m−2 s−2) and photoperiod (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 h a day(h/d)) on the morphological and mechanical properties of tomato seedlings were experimentally investigated. Orthogonal experiments were conducted involving light quality (R:B = 75:25, R:B = 50:50, and R:B = 25:75), light intensity (150 μmol m−2 s−2, 200 μmol m−2 s−2, and 250 μmol m−2 s−2), and photoperiod (14, 16, and 18 h/d) as independent variables to determine the optimal combination. Finally, a comparative grafting experiment was conducted between the seedlings cultivated using the optimal light formula and commercially available seedlings. The result showed that increasing light intensity inhibited hypocotyl length and promoted seedling stem growth, and excessive light intensity decreased seedling mechanical properties. The optimal light intensity for rootstocks is 200 μmol m−2 s−2, and the optimal light intensity for scions is 250 μmol m−2 s−2. Shortening the photoperiod would promote hypocotyl growth and inhibit seedling stem elongation. Different photoperiods had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of tomato seedlings. The most suitable photoperiod for rootstocks was 18 h/d and for scions was 16 h/d. The most suitable light formula was R:B = 50:50, 250 μmol m−2 s−2, 18 h/d. By analyzing the experimental results, the mechanical properties of seedlings grown by the regulated light environment were better than those of commercially available seedlings, and the success rate of mechanical grafting was 7% higher. Overall, in plant factories compared to commercially available tomato seedlings, tomato seedlings cultivated by the regulated light environment were more suitable for mechanical grafting. This research result provides theoretical support for subsequent research on grafting machinery.

Endoscopic Cartilage Myringoplasty with Anterior Margin Preservation for Repairing Large Anterior Perforations.

Objective: This study compared the graft outcomes and complications of endoscopic cartilage inlay myringoplasty with preservation of anterior margins (IPAM) and the cartilage underlay technique with raising the tympanomeatal flap (CUTF) for repairing large anterior perforations. Materials and Methods: In total, 55 patients with large anterior perforations were recruited and allocated to the IPAM (n = 28) or the CUTF (n = 27) group. The graft success rate, hearing gain, operation time, and postoperative complications were compared between the groups at 12 months. Results: The mean operation times were 29.3 ± 2.7 minutes and 46.4 ± 3.9 minutes in the IPAM and CUTF groups, respectively (P < .001). The residual perforation rate was 0.0% in the IPAM group and 11.1% in the CUTF group (P = .222). All patients completed the 12-month follow-up. The overall graft success rate was 96.4% in the IPAM group and 88.9% in the CUTF group (P = .577). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of postoperative pure-tone averages for air conduction and bone conduction, air-bone gaps (ABGs), or ABG changes. In the CUTF group, 22.2% of the patients reported altered taste perception, 3.7% experienced bony external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis, and 3.7% developed EAC cholesteatoma. By contrast, the IPAM group did not have any cases of altered taste perception, EAC stenosis, or cholesteatoma. Conclusions: Endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty with IPAM and anterior perichondrium folding is a simple, effective, and minimally invasive technique for repairing large anterior perforations. It offers a high graft success rate and better hearing improvement compared to CUTF.

Agronomic features of introduced Argan tree in eastern of Morocco and optimization of their propagation

Argania spinosa or argan is an endemic plant of Morocco that belongs to sapotaceae family. This species has significant ecological and socioeconomical impact in Morocco and is mainly recognized by argan oil that is very known for its nutritional quality and health benefits. Our study aims to elaborate an agronomical and pomological characterization of introduced argan trees in Oujda, Morocco (about 200 trees, 10 years old) , select high-performance clone heads based on their productivity and stability criteria, by measuring various productivity parameters over a tree years study period (fresh fruit production, almonds production and oil production), and successfully propagate them asexually using apical grafting technique in controlled condition ( phytotron ) with the aim of stabilizing the high-performance clone. The obtained results indicated the existence of high diversity in terms of the various pomological parameters assessed. Parallelly, productivity and profitability parameters, the average production of fresh fruits, almonds and oil per tree and per year was 8.62 kg, 0.253 kg and 0.133 L, respectively. While, the maximal production was 34.4 kg/year for fresh fruits production, 1.07 kg/year/tree for almonds, and 0.575 liter/year/tree oil produced. Regarding the propagation of these clones, the results showed that the grafting success rate depended on the mother stock and the season, with 100% success rate. The results obtained show that the argan tree is an adaptive species, and the most suitable grafting method for the argan tree is apical split grafting during the autumn season.

Autotransplantation in Pediatric Dentistry: Factors Affecting Treatment Outcomes

This research aimed to evaluate the outcomes of autotransplantation in both children and adolescents, with a focus on root growth, and determine the clinical and radiographic factors associated with the success rate. In this study, 73 teeth, autogenously transplanted in 63 patients, were examined over an observation period of 3.2 years on average. The mean age at the time of autotransplantation was 11.9 years. Based on the radiographic criteria, the success rate was 73.97% and the survival rate was 100%. Based on the radiographic criteria, the success rate was 73.97%, and the survival rate was 100%. A significant increase in root length was observed in the transplanted teeth with an open apex. An association was found between the success rate and use of bone graft and surgeon experience. In conclusion, greater clinical experience in autotransplantation (&gt; 36 cases) and prohibiting the use of bone grafts may improve the prognosis of the transplanted teeth in children and adolescents.

Clinical Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome With a Glaucoma Drainage Device.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for treating iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome with a glaucoma drainage device (GDD). In this retrospective, interventional case series, data of ICE eyes with a GDD treated with DMEK were collected at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. A total of 24 patients (24 eyes) with mild-to-moderate ocular anterior segment anomalies together with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control preoperatively were included between March 10, 2014, and November 11, 2021. Cases were performed DMEK with concomitantly procedures, such as goniosynechialysis, an entire recipient's Descemet stripping, trimming of glaucoma tubes, and an inferiorly peripheral iridotomy. Graft survival, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell loss, IOP, and surgical complications were documented. The mean length of follow-up after surgery was 30.8 ± 7.8 months. Postoperative CDVA improved significantly. At 1 and 2 years postoperatively, 10 (50%) of 20 eyes and 7 (47%) of 15 eyes achieved a CDVA of 20/32 or better, cumulative graft success rates by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were 89% and 67%, and endothelial cell loss were (59 ± 10)% and (71 ± 7)%, respectively. Within the follow-up period, IOP elevation and progressive peripheral anterior synechiae occurred in 7 (29%) and 5 (21%) of 24 eyes, respectively. With specific technical modifications, DMEK had not increased the risk of postoperative complications and provided comparable clinical outcomes in the treatment of ICE eyes with a GDD with those observed in the treatment of ICE eyes without a GDD.

Optimization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grafting technique to enhance its adoption in cassava cultivation

Grafting techniques have been successfully adopted to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increase yields, fruit quality and study systemic signaling in plants. This technique has not been fully explored in cassava and there is currently no standardized grafting method for this species published especially in Africa. This is the first report on cassava grafting protocol in Africa with valuable advantages including utilizing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wooden healing chamber. In this study, we describe an optimized cleft grafting protocol for cassava utilizing a wooden healing chamber and outline the step-by-step procedure with optimum conditions to generate a high grafting success rate. Using a top wedge grafting technique with high reproducibility and success rates, we developed a straightforward and robust grafting protocol for cassava (M. esculenta) cultivars. Grafting success was recorded and this protocol produced a high grafting success of 90 % and its reproducibility makes it suitable for mass production thereby addressing the need for efficient cassava propagation. This grafting protocol requires less specialized equipment and expertise making it more accessible to farmers and researchers with limited resources to promote the use of grafting for cassava growth, yield improvement and advanced studies such as systemic long-distance signaling in plants.•Optimization of cleft grafting method obtains a high success grafting rate of cassava.•A wooden healing chamber provides a controlled environment for graft healing.•Promoting cassava grafting; a priority to produce new cultivars and explore breeding research prospects.

Endoscopic ear surgery in the treatment of chronic otitis media with atelectasis.

Atelectasis otitis media (AtOM) is a chronic condition where the tympanic membrane (TM) becomes retracted towards the middle ear and the ossicular chain. Surgical treatment for this condition could be indicated based on stage of atelectasis, patient's clinical condition and hearing loss. Over the years, AtOM has been treated with various types of tympanoplasty under microscopic view. The aim of this study is to present the results of endoscopic ear surgery in AtOM. Forty-five patients who underwent endoscopic trans-canal tympanoplasty were included in the study. Preoperative features, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes were collected. Preoperatively, none of the study's patients were classified with a Sadè Grade I, whereas grades II, III and IV were 3 (6.6%), 23 (32.1%) and 19 (67.8%) respectively. The 3 patients with Sadè grade II showed a conductive hearing loss higher than 20dB and a continuous ear fullness, therefore they were surgically treated. The postoperative graft success rate was estimated at 95.5%. During follow-up, 2 patients showed a TM perforation (at 6 and 12months after surgery) whereas 1 patient experienced a recurrence of atelectasis in the TM (16months after surgery). The overall success rate at the final follow-up was calculated at 88.8%. The average preoperative air-conduction threshold was 51.1 ± 21.5, which reduced to 34.6 ± 22.1 (p = 0.04) at follow-up. The preoperative air-bone gap decreased from 28 ± 7.2 to 11.8 ± 10 (p = 0.002) after surgery. Atelectasis otitis media might be suitable for exclusive endoscopic surgical treatment, as it appears to exhibit a low recurrence rate and promising audiological outcomes.

Endoscopic cartilage underlay myringoplasty with or without balloon Eustachian tuboplasty for chronic perforation with Eustachian tube dysfunction

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of endoscopic cartilage underlay myringoplasty(CNM) with or without balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) for the treatment of chronic perforation with Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Materials and methodsA total of 50 ears diagnosed with chronic perforation and ETD were randomly divided into receiving alone CNM and CNM + BET. During the 12 months follow-up, the Eustachian tube score (ETS), Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7), ET inflammation scale, hearing results and graft success rate of the patients were recorded and analyzed. ResultsThe improvement in the ETDQ-7 score was 6.23 ± 2.51 in the CNM + BET group, which was significantly higher than that in the CNM group (4.22 ± 3.85, P < 0.01) at postoperative 3 months, however, no significant between-group difference was found at post-12 months.The graft success rate was 88.0 % in the CNM group and 92.0 % in the CNM + BET group at postoperative 3 months (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was found among two groups (84.0 % vs 88.0 %, P > 0.05).The ABG improvement was 13.16 ± 3.19 dB in the CNM + BET group and 9.74 ± 2.56 dB in the CNM group, with a statistically significant between-group difference (P < 0.01)at postoperative 3 months. However, no significant between-group difference was found at postoperative 12 months. During followup process, neither complications nor patulous symptoms were noted. No patients developted atelectasis or otitis media with effusion. However, myringitis was seen in 8 % patients in the CNM group and 12 % patients in the CNM + BET group. ConclusionsAlthough BET combined with endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty had better short-term improvement of hearing and ETDQ-7 scores compared with endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty for the treatment of chronic large perforation with ETD, the long-term outcomes was not satisfactory. Also, BET did not improve the 3-and 12 months graft success rate.

Comparative study of endoscopic underlay myringoplasty with or without tucking of the attached perichondrium graft when repairing large central dry perforations

ObjectiveTo compare the graft success rates and hearing outcomes of underlay myringoplasty with or without perichondrium tucking of the attached perichondrium, graft perforation margins when repairing chronic large central dry perforations. Study designRandomized controlled trial. Material and methodsChronic large central dry perforations were prospectively randomized to tucking perichondrium graft underlay (TPGU) and no-tucking perichondrium graft underlay (NTPG) groups. The graft outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively. ResultsIn total, 61 patients with large central dry perforations were included. All patients completed 12-month follow-ups. Residual perforations occurred in 0.0 % of the TPGU group and in 12.9 % of the NTPG group (P = 0.129), and re-perforations occurred within 6 months in 0.0 % and 3.2 % of the two groups, respectively (P = 0.987). The graft success rates were 100.0 % (30/30) and 83.9 % (26/31) (P = 0.067). No significant between-group differences were observed in terms of preoperative (P = 0.547) or postoperative (P = 0.612) air bone gaps (ABGs) or mean ABG gains (P = 0.597). No graft-related complications were observed in either group during follow-up. No patients exhibited significant graft blunting or medialization; graft lateralization was noted in one patient of the NTPG group. ConclusionsEndoscopic cartilage with tucking of the attached perichondrium perforation margins during underlay myringoplasty may improve the graft success rate compared to that of the cartilage push-through technique when repairing large central dry perforations; however, the hearing improvements were comparable in the two groups.

Comparing Bone Graft Success, Implant Survival Rate, and Marginal Bone Loss: A Retrospective Study on Materials and Influential Factors.

Bone grafting serves to restore the alveolar bone defect, providing adequate alveolar bone essential for long-term implant survival. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the success rate of guided bone regeneration (GBR) bone grafting and investigate the survival rate of implants and the degree of marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants. Furthermore, the influence of confounding factors such as patient conditions, bone graft properties, and implant characteristics was assessed. This study was carried out on treatment outcomes of patients with implants between January 2007 and December 2016, using various graft materials, including autograft, allograft, and xenograft. In a mean follow-up of 70 months (range: 3-10 years), the overall success rate of bone graft (n = 80) was 100%, and the overall survival rate of implant (n = 107) was 97.2% (autograft: 100%, allograft: 100%, and xenograft: 92.9%; P = .03). Mean MBL up to 3 years after implant installation were similar among graft materials, with 0.84 ± 0.48 mm in autograft, 0.73 ± 0.42 mm in allograft, and 1.01 ± 0.59 mm in xenograft (P = .14). Posterior mandibular location had a significant influence on implant survival (P = .003). A significant association of MBL with several factors, including age >60 years (P = .03), both diabetes and hypertension (P = .02), without receiving adjunctive membrane (P = .04), loading within 3-6 months (P < .001), and screw-retained crown (P = .008), was confirmed. Our data substantiated that implant rehabilitation with GBR using autograft and allograft provides the most predictable results. The factors above should be carefully considered with xenograft to enhance long-term clinical outcomes.

Endoscopic Double Flap Tympanoplasty.

This study is aimed to compare the outcomes of the two techniques (endoscopic single flap tympanoplasty- ESFT versus endoscopic double flap tympanoplasty - EDFT) of endoscopic tympanoplasty for repairing large tympanic membrane (TM)perforations with limited anterior remnant. In this randomised controlled trial, forty patients with large sized TM perforations were included and randomised in the ESFT and EDFT arms with twenty patients in each group. Both the groups underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft. The graft uptake rates and hearing results were compared. Graft success rate was 85% (17/20 cases) in the ESFT group and 90%(18/20 cases) in the EDFT group. The ABG (air-bone gap) improvement median with interquartile range(IQR) was 5 dB (3.12 dB-10 dB) in the ESFT group and 8.75 dB (5dB-11.87 dB) in the EDFT group. The difference was not statistically significant. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference in the graft success rate or hearing gain in ESFT or EDFT group. Moreover, there was longer operative time and need for an extra incision while raising the anterior flap. This lack of statistically significant results in our study may be since the study has a very small sample size. Whether the same conclusion is reproducible needs to be further explored by a larger sized randomised controlled trial.

Implementing Internet of Things for Real-Time Monitoring and Regulation of Off-Season Grafting and Post-Harvest Storage in Citrus Cultivation: A Case Study from the Hilly Regions of Nepal

Citrus fruit cultivation, especially mandarin oranges, is crucial to the economy of Nepal’s hilly regions due to their ideal geoclimatic conditions. Despite its economic importance, the sector faces several challenges, such as inadequate grafting techniques, low-quality saplings, and ineffective post-harvest storage. This paper explores these issues and proposes innovative solutions through the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. To address these challenges, we identified key areas for improvement. First, we focused on extending grafting practices during the off-season to ensure a higher success rate and better-quality saplings. Second, we examined different post-harvest storage methods to determine their effectiveness in terms of shelf life, decay loss, and quality of fruit. In addition to exploring post-harvest strategies, this paper provides preharvest recommendations for farmers, emphasizing methods to enhance fruit quality and longevity through effective pre-storage practices. Our IoT-based approach introduces off-season grafting in polyhouses and advanced monitoring for post-harvest storage. The results are promising: We achieved grafting success rates of 91% for acid lime and 92% for local mandarin orange varieties. Additionally, our research compared different post-harvest storage methods for mandarin oranges, including room, cellar, and cold chamber. We assessed these methods based on shelf life, physiological weight loss, and the total soluble solids (TSS) to titratable acidity (TA) ratio. The cold chamber proved to be the most effective method, offering superior conditions for storing mandarin oranges. The IoT-based monitoring system played a crucial role in maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and gas content within the cold chamber, resulting in reduced post-harvest losses and extended shelf life. These findings highlight the transformative potential of IoT technology in mandarin orange cultivation and post-harvest storage.

Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Butterfly Inlay Cartilage Myringoplasty.

To review a 3-year case series of endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty performed by a single surgeon (W.S.K.) and analyze the clinical surgical outcomes. Retrospective study. Tertiary care academic center. We enrolled 60 ears with tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, receiving endoscopic inlay butterfly myringoplasty between 2019 and 2022. We reviewed patients' demographics, size and location of TM perforation, operation time, complications, and postoperative pain evaluated by the numerical rating scale (NRS). We analyzed the graft uptake success rate in 5 weeks and the perforation closure rate in 4 months after surgery. We also compared the air-bone gap (ABG) before and after the surgery. Among the 60 ears included, the mean age was 57.0 years, and 78.3% (47 of 60) had small perforations. The average operation time was 48.9 ± 11.5 minutes, and the postoperative NRS was 2.0 ± 1.6. The immediate graft uptake success rate evaluated at postoperative 5 weeks was 96.7% (58 of 60), with myringitis occurring in three ears. Except for 11 patients lost to follow-up, the perforation closure rate evaluated at postoperative 4 months was 100% (49 of 49). The mean ABG significantly improved from preoperative status (8.87 ± 5.51 dB HL) to postoperative 4 months (6.22 ± 6.03 dB HL) ( p = 0.019). A single surgeon's success rate for endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty was almost 100%. This surgical procedure is safe and effective, with a high graft success rate.

Outcomes After Exoscopic Versus Microscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty.

To analyze the outcomes of exoscopic versus microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty. Retrospective chart review. Tertiary care otology-neurotology practice. Adult subjects with a diagnosis of tympanic membrane perforation from 2018 to 2022. Exoscopic or microscopic tympanoplasty with cartilage + perichondrium or perichondrium/fascia graft. Primary outcomes were graft success rate (1 wk, 3 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postoperatively) and operative time. Secondary outcomes included audiometric outcomes of postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), change in ABG, pure tone average (PTA), speech reception threshold (SRT), and word recognition score (WRS) at 6-month follow-up and complication rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, facial nerve injury, persistent tinnitus, and persistent vertigo. Seventy-one patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty by a single surgeon. Thirty-six patients underwent exoscopic tympanoplasty, and 35 patients underwent microscopic tympanoplasty. Cartilage and perichondrium were utilized in 27 subjects (75.0%) in the exoscopic group and in 25 subjects (71.4%) in the microscopic group (p = 0.7, Cramer's V = 0.04). Graft success rate was as follows (exoscope versus microscope): 100% (36/36) versus 100% (35/35) at 1 week (p = 1.0, Cramer's V = 0.0), 97.2% (35/36) versus 100% (35/35) at 3 weeks (p = 1.0, Cramer's V = 0.1), 97.2% (35/36) versus 94.3% (33/35) at 3 months (p = 1.0, Cramer's V = 0.07), and 91.7% (33/36) versus 91.4% (32/35) at 6 months (p = 0.7, Cramer's V = 0.0). Operative time was 57.7 minutes for the exoscopic group and 65.4 minutes for the microscopic group (p = 0.08, 95% CI [-16.4, 0.9], Cohen's d = 0.4). There were no serious complications. All preoperative and postoperative audiometric outcomes were comparable. The outcomes after exoscopic versus microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty are comparable.

Association between Storage Time of Corneal Grafts and Primary Graft Failure in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Purpose: To determine association between storage time of corneal grafts and primary graft failure in Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK). Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit-III, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June, 2019 to December, 2019. Methods: In this study, 120 patients (between 11 and 30 years of age) diagnosed with keratoconus were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A comprised individuals who underwent PK with donor tissues stored for 8 to 14 days, while Group B consisted of patients whose donor tissues were stored for a duration not exceeding 7 days. Patients were followed up for three weeks post-operatively. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and stratified for age, gender and primary graft failure. Post stratification RR was calculated with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of patients in Group A was 21.38 ± 6.29 years and in Group B was19.80 ± 5.81 years. In Group A there were 32 male and 28 female while in Group B there were 29 male and 31 female. In Group A 16(26.7%) patients and in group B, 4 (6.7%) patients had primary graft failure. The risk of primary graft failure was higher in Group A, with RR = 4, p-value &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: The risk of primary graft failure in PK is higher when the storage time of corneal grafts is longer. Hence, minimization of storage time may ensure better success rate of corneal grafting.

Effect of grafting on success and survivability of jamun (&lt;i&gt;Syzygium cumini &lt;/i&gt;Skeels.) varieties

Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) is a vital fruit crop for arid regions. An investigation was conducted to assess the propagation success of four jamun varieties (CISH-42, CISH-37, Konkan Bahadoli and Goma Priyanka) in the south western region of Punjab. Data were collected on grafting success, graft survival, sprout initiation, number of sprouts and leaves per graft, graft height, and chlorophyll index. The results revealed that the variety Konkan Bahadoli recorded highest graft success (83.7%, 82.8%) and survival rates (76.6%, 73.9%) during both the years, followed by Goma Priyanka. The var. Konkan Bahadoli recorded earliest sprouting (16.6 days, 15.3 days, respectively in both years) and superior growth parameters, including the number of sprouts and leaves, graft height, and chlorophyll index. Overall, the var. Konkan Bahadoli responded best to grafting performed in March under south-western region of Punjab.

Effect of grafting on success and survivability of jamun (&lt;i&gt;Syzygium cumini &lt;/i&gt;Skeels.) varieties

Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) is a vital fruit crop for arid regions. An investigation was conducted to assess the propagation success of four jamun varieties (CISH-42, CISH-37, Konkan Bahadoli and Goma Priyanka) in the south western region of Punjab. Data were collected on grafting success, graft survival, sprout initiation, number of sprouts and leaves per graft, graft height, and chlorophyll index. The results revealed that the variety Konkan Bahadoli recorded highest graft success (83.7%, 82.8%) and survival rates (76.6%, 73.9%) during both the years, followed by Goma Priyanka. The var. Konkan Bahadoli recorded earliest sprouting (16.6 days, 15.3 days, respectively in both years) and superior growth parameters, including the number of sprouts and leaves, graft height, and chlorophyll index. Overall, the var. Konkan Bahadoli responded best to grafting performed in March under south-western region of Punjab.

Elderly Women Have a Higher Survival Rate of Grafted Donor Fat than Do Young Women Under the Influence of Low Estrogen Conditions.

Fat grafting is widely used in breast reconstruction and aesthetic plastic surgery. However, the success rate and effects of fat grafting, especially in elderly female donors, are observed. This study aimed to explore the difference in the survival rate of donor fat from elderly women and young women in fat grafting. We collected adipose tissue samples from two healthy Chinese women: a young woman and an elderly woman. In addition, adipose tissue samples were collected from female nude mice in four experimental groups-CON-Y, CON-O, OVX-Y, and OVX-O-after fat transplantation. Grafts were harvested, weighed, and subjected to assessment of histology and angiogenesis. An ovariectomy model was successfully established to validate the effect of low estrogen levels on fat grafting results. Due to the influence of low estrogen levels, the graft survival rate of donor site fat was significantly higher in elderly women than in young women, accompanied by a lesser degree of angiogenesis. Low estrogen levels led to adipocyte hypertrophy, which may be related to decreased AQP-7 expression. AQP-7 downregulation due to low estrogen levels induces adipocyte hypertrophy, and donor fat from elderly women exhibits a higher survival rate after fat transplantation. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Endoscopic Cartilage Modified Inlay Technique With Preserving External Auditory Canal Skin for Repairing Posterior Marginal Perforation.

Objective: To evaluate the graft success rate and hearing gain of endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty with preserving external auditory canal (EAC) skin for posterior marginal perforation. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in 36 patients with posterior marginal perforation who underwent endoscopic cartilage modified inlay technique with preserving EAC skin. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Results: All the 36 patients with unilateral posterior marginal perforation were included in this study. Clinical inosculation of the perichondrium graft and remnant tympanic membrane (TM) occurred at 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. Simultaneously, neovascularization was initiated at the perichondrium graft. The perichondrium graft had been clinically incorporated to the EAC skin at 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively, which could not be distinguished. At 12 months, residual perforation was seen in inferior margin in one but reperforation was not. The graft success rate was 97.2% (35/36). The mean preoperative air bone gap (ABG) was 29.7 ± 3.8 dB, and the mean postoperative ABG at 12 months was 15.2 ± 3.1 dB; the difference between these values was significant (P < .05; paired-samples t test). The successful surgery rate (postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB) was 91.7% (33/36). No any intratympanic or EAC cholesteatoma was noted during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Endoscopic cartilage modified inlay technique with preserving EAC skin for repairing posterior marginal perforation is simple and minimally invasive technique, which had shorter operative time, similar graft success rate compared with raising a tympanomeatal flap techniques.