Primary School Graduates Research Articles

Modelling technical efficiency of health systems in SADC

Efficiency is the application of resources in a way that maximizes intended results. Policymakers around the world are prioritising health system efficiency as nations strive for universal health coverage. The study used the data envelopment analysis and the Tobit regression approach, the current study evaluated the technical efficiency of the health care system and its determinants. The study established that the average efficiency of the SADC countries is 78 percent signifying high levels of inefficiencies. Further the study found that the most efficient countries were Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mauritius, Mozambique, and Malawi. The number of practitioners i.e. physicians and nurses, primary school graduation rates, and national income all have a beneficial impact on the efficiency of the health system. The use of nitrous oxide in agriculture and vulnerable employment have a negative impact on technical efficiency. The study recommends that SADC countries should improve on resource use to improve on technical efficiency, train more doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. Additionally, nations should implement pro-growth policies to boost revenue to capacitate their health systems with beds and other requisite equipment.

Spiritual Well-Being Levels and Self-Care Agency of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy With Port Catheter: A Correlational, Descriptive Study.

This study was conducted to determine the levels of Patients' spiritual well-being (SWB) and self-care agency (SCA) of patients receiving chemotherapy with a port catheter. It was a correlational and observational study. Data were collected between December 2021 and March 2022. The sample was 88 people. Of the participants; 59.1% were women, 88.6% were married, 38.6% were primary school graduates, 47.7% were unemployed, and 51.1% had income equal to their expenses. Furthermore, 38.6% patients had breast cancer diagnosis and 52.3% did not have any chronic diseases. Both scale scores were affected by different variables and there was a positive correlation between SCA and SWB. Better SWB positively affected SCA. Patient age and duration after cancer diagnosis affected SCA and SWB. Notably, SCA and SWB levels of the patients may change with age and disease progression, and patients should also be monitored in this respect.

Lifestyle and risk of developing myopia in school children in Chongqing, China.

Myopia has emerged as a leading global reason for poor vision in children and adolescents. this study aims to investigate the influence of lifestyles on myopia in schoolchildren in Chongqing, China. This cross-sectional study was conducted on primary and junior high school graduates in Chongqing City, China. Students who came to the assigned hospital for the physical examination of their upgrade school enrollment were recruited. In addition to regular examination and eyeusing questionnaire, visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were measured. Of all 1806 eligible students, 1,623 students (89.87%) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of myopia in elementary and junior middle school graduates was 73.1 and 81.8%, respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1 h more homework (OR = 1.272, p = 0.032), attending out-school courses (OR = 1.973, p = 0.006), frequently checking of eyes (OR = 1.337, p = 0.015) and using eye-protecting lamp (OR = 2.528, p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with myopia (p < 0.05). While 1 h more outdoor activity in weekday (OR = 0.811, p = 0.033) and weekend (OR = 0.796, p = 0.034) were less likely to have myopia. The current prevalence of myopia among elementary and junior high school students in Chongqing is high. Academic pressures, bad habits of using eyes, and limited time for outdoor activity mainly contribute to the epidemic of myopia. Various policies in and out of schools related to reducing academic pressures, increasing outdoor activities, and improving eye habits may help control the prevalence of myopia in teenagers.

The relationship between cognitive function and physical activity, functional status and social participation in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Aims: Cognitive function in older adults has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and physical activity, functional status, and social participation in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 123 older adults aged 65 years and older who met the study’s inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: who were aged 65 years or older, literate, volunteering to participate in the study, had no hearing or vision defects that prevented the measurement of the scales used in the study, had no chronic disease that prevented the scales used in the study. The data in the study were collected with sociodemographic form, Montreal cognitive assessment, international physical activity questionnaire, timed-up-and-go test, 10-meter walk test, and Keele assessment of participation. Results: The average age of the participants was 69.5±4.6. The study included 46.3% women and, 57.7% primary school graduates. A positive and moderate relationship was found between cognitive functions and physical activity level, functional status, and social participation in older adults. Additionally, there was a moderate positive relationship found between the level of physical activity, functional status, and social participation. In the cognitive function risk model, it was found that age, education level, and social participation significantly impact cognitive functions in older adults. Conclusion: Increasing physical activity, functionality, and especially social participation in older adults can be considered an important intervention to protect and improve the cognitive functions of older adults.

Assessing Compliance with Driver Behavior Improvement Training (DBET): A Study on ADATC Data

Objective: This study aims to focus on the follow-up processes of 128 people who applied to Driver Behavior Improvement Training (DBET) and were referred to the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (ADATC) with a prediagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). By providing access to critical information such as sociodemographic characteristics, follow-up times, number of admissions, and AUD detection rates, data review will help to plan health services more effectively and develop a comprehensive understanding of support processes for individuals with a prediagnosis of AUD. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 individuals who applied to the ADATC forensic outpatient clinic between October 2021 and October 2023 and received a preliminary diagnosis of AUD from the DBET. Results: The mean age was 41.85±8.79 years, and the median number of referrals was 9. The follow-up period was 237.09±171.35 days; of the participants, 96.9% were male, 78.1% were primary school graduates, 43% were followed for less than six months, and 57% for more than six months. The rate of individuals with positive results was 64.8%, and the rate of individuals with long-term positive results was 41.4%. No significant differences were found between the participants in the 'positive' and 'continuation' status regarding age, number of applications, follow-up periods, gender, and educational level (p&amp;gt;0.05). However, in the subgroup analysis of follow-up periods, a significant difference was observed in the follow-up rate for more than six months between participants with positive results compared to those with a follow-up time of &amp;lt;6 months (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: It indicates that individuals with a positive outcome succeed more when followed up for longer. The study contributes to the understanding of the follow-up processes of individuals presenting with a prediagnosis of AUD and the development of a comprehensive understanding of providing adequate support.

Evaluation of adolescents' cardiovascular health behaviors and health literacy levels in Turkey

PurposeThe study aimed to examine the relationship between cardiovascular health behaviors and health literacy levels of adolescents. Design and methodsCross-sectional design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 1228 students from two secondary schools in Turkey. The study data were collected in 2020. The data were collected via the Cardiovascular Health Behavior Scale and the The Health Literacy Scale. ResultsCardiovascular Health Behavior Scale for Children mean score was 56.07 ± 10.80. The Health Literacy Scale total mean score of the students was 30.93 ± 5.31. The mean scores of the Cardiovascular Health Behavior Scale for those who were 14 years old, female, studying in the 8th grade, whose parents were primary school graduates, and presence of a person who has had a heart attack in the family were found to be statistically significantly higher. The average health literacy score of students who were female, high income, and who had parents with a baccalaureate or graduate degree was found to be statistically significantly higher. The Cardiovascular Health Behavior Scale and The Health Literacy Scale showed a weak negative correlation. ConclusionsThe cardiovascular health behaviors and health literacy of adolescents were found to be moderate. In order to improve adolescents' health literacy and help them develop good cardiovascular health habits from an early age, interventions should be planned and overseen in collaboration. Practice implicationsAdolescent health promotion requires that nurses assess adolescents' cardiovascular health behaviors and health literacy levels. To achieve the objectives of enhanced cardiovascular health behaviors and better health literacy, parent cooperation is also required.

Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşam Doyumu, Algılanan Stres, Umutsuzluk, Psikolojik Sağlamlığın İncelenmesi

In our study, it is seen that there are significant relationships between Beck hopelessness scale, burnout scale, marital life scale and quality of life scale and sub-dimension scores. Findings related to mediator analysis showed that hopelessness had a significant partial mediator role in the effect of burnout on marital life and quality of life. Demographic characteristics, gender, age, education, employment status, marital status, number of children, income status, fear of COVID-19, pregnancy processes and child-related conditions were examined. Marital life scale scores were higher in males than females. It is seen that university graduates have higher quality of life scale environmental sub-dimension scores than primary school graduates. While the burnout and hopelessness scale scores of those with higher income status were lower than those with lower income, marital life scale, quality of life scale environmental and psychological health sub-dimension scores were found to be higher. While married people had higher quality of life scale and marital life scale scores than singles, hopelessness scores were found to be lower. While it was observed that the marital life and quality of life scores of the parents whose child's nutrition process was affected during the COVID-19 process were lower, their hopelessness levels were higher. Keywords: COVID-19, new coronavirus, pandemic, mental health, stress

Suicide Attempts and Influencing Factors

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the applications to the Emergency Departments in …. province between 2019 and 2023 due to suicide attempts and to provide guidance for social preventive programmes. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the approval of the …. University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee, dated 21 September 2023 and numbered 176-176-09. The study examined The archive of the …. Provincial Health Directorate was consulted to obtain records of cases of suicide attempts among individuals aged 13 years and over between the years 2019-2023. These records were examined between 1 November-31 December 2023. Results: A total of 947 patients participated in the study, 635 of whom were women. The majority of suicide attempts (43.2%) occurred between the ages of 13 and 24 years. The highest number of suicide attempts occurred between 18:00 and 23:59 (40.5%) and in summer (29.8%). The highest number of suicide attempts occurred in August (10.5%). The majority of those who attempted suicide were primary school graduates (47.0%) and unemployed (39.4%). The suicide attempt rate of farmers (42.9%) was significantly higher than other occupational groups (p=0.009). Family problems (31.3%) were the most common reason for suicide attempt. The most common method of suicide attempt was drug-toxic substance use (92.6%). Among the study participants, 21.1% had attempted suicide previously. Among those who attempted suicide, 24.2% had a previous psychiatric diagnosis. Medication (activated charcoal) was administered to 60.4% of the suicide attempters, while psychiatric consultation was requested for 11.5%. A total of 69.5% of the suicide attempts resulted in a single interview. Conclusion: Most of the suicide attempters were adolescent and young age group, female, illiterate, primary school graduate and unemployed. According to our study, the most common causes and methods of suicide attempts were familial problems and drug-toxic substance use. It is recommended that regulations should be implemented to ensure psychiatric consultation for all suicide attempters and that the follow-up and treatment of suicide attempters should be carried out by a team consisting of family physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers.

The relationship between the frequency of use of non-medication coping strategies with urinary incontinence and depression in older adults.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the frequency of use of non-medication coping strategies with urinary incontinence (UI) and depression in older adults. This study followed a descriptive design and was conducted with 345 older adults over the age of 65. The data of the study were collected using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form and the Frequency of Non-Medication Coping Strategies with Urinary Incontinence Scale. The data analysis of the study was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The significance level was accepted as P < 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 71.86 ± 5.43 years. Among the older adults, 58.8% were male and 50.2% were primary school graduates. It was determined that 43.8% of the participants experienced the frequency of UI more than once a week, 36.2% experienced stress incontinence, 51.9% consulted a physician due to UI, 53.6% received treatment for UI, and 47.8% reported that UI had an impact on their social life. The relationship between the frequency of use of non-medication coping strategies with UI and geriatric depression (β = -0.017; P = 0.043) was found to be significant and negative. It was found that there was a significant and positive relationship between age, frequency of UI, type of UI, the impact of UI on social life, and geriatric depression (P < 0.05). The older adults in this study were found to have moderate depression. It was determined that the level of depression was higher in the older adults who experienced UI more than once a week, those who experienced stress UI, those whose social lives were impacted, and those who had a higher frequency of non-medication coping strategies.

Lived experiences of frail patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a phenomenological study

Abstract Background Frailty is an important issue in cardiovascular surgery. To provide individualised care to the needs of frail patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, it is needed to determine the patients' surgical experiences. Qualitative studies examining the experiences of frail patients undergoing surgery are limited (1,2). In addition, there is no study examining the surgical experiences of frail patients undergoing CABG surgery in our country. Purpose To examine frail patients' lived experiences of CABG surgery in early period. Methods In this qualitative study, a phenomenological approach was used. The study was conducted between 28.06.2021 and 18.02.2022 at the cardiovascular surgery department of a training and research hospital in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 14 patients who had CABG surgery and were determined to be frail in the preoperative period using the Modified Fried Frailty Index. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used in sample selection. The "Semi-Structured Interview Form" was used to collect the data. Data collection was carried out in the early pre-discharge period. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using the MAXQDA 2020 program. Content analysis and thematic analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results The mean age of the patients was 65.6±8.84 (min:45-max:76) years. Nine of the patients were female, 13 were married, 13 were primary school graduates, and 9 were lived together with a partner. Thirteen of the patients had comorbid diseases, 12 had hypertension and 11 had diabetes mellitus. The mean length of hospital stay was 19.79 days±5.59 and the mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 8.64 days±4.46 days. 13 patients had postoperative complications. Four main themes were identified: i) "problems", ii) "coping", iii) "perceptions toward CABG" and iv) "expectations", in addition to nine sub-themes related to these main themes. Pain, postoperative complications such as bleeding, shortness of breath, infection, fear and anxiety were the most frequently expressed problems. The importance of support from health care professionals and family members was emphasised the most in terms of coping. In the theme of perception toward surgery, the surgical process being more difficult than expected and postoperative relief were the most mentioned issues. When the expectations of patients were examined, the importance of effective communication during the surgical process was highlighted the most. Conclusions Frail patients had both positive and negative experiences in the postoperative period, highlighting the significance of effective nursing care. The individualised patient-specific nursing care was required. Cardiovascular surgery nurses should evaluate patients in terms of frailty and consider the frailty status of patients while providing care.

Учебная деятельность в отсутствии взаимодействия?

&lt;p&gt;The obvious disadvantage of online education is the lack of real interaction and meaningful communication among students while solving a learning problem. We assume that under these conditions a full-fledged learning activity in its function of assimilation of theoretical concepts cannot be formed in primary school. To verify this hypothesis, we analyzed the results of meta-subject diagnostics of the fourth graders who graduated from primary school in 2015-2019 (real interaction) and graduated in 2023 (online education). 316 children in total were recruited for this study. We also used diagnostic data on meta-subject results of fifth grade students from two Moscow schools in 2019 and 2021, where &amp;ldquo;traditional&amp;rdquo; educational programs were implemented. 248 children were recruited. It is shown that the lack of conditions and opportunities for constructive interaction and meaningful communication in the process of solving learning problems complicates and slows down the development of childrens&amp;rsquo; main social competencies, but also affects other important meta-subject results of primary education. Thus, the results of meta-subject diagnostics of primary school graduates in 2023 made it possible to identify the weaknesses of online learning, its disadvantages, and to assess the consequences for the mental development of children.&lt;/p&gt;

Socio-Economic Structure, Production Practices, Observations and Suggestions in Nomadic Sheep Production in Ordu province located in Black-Sea Region of Türkiye

Products obtained from farm animals meet the need for animal protein, which has an important place in human nutrition. In recent years, the demand for the products of small ruminants has been increasing. Products obtained from small ruminants are important in meeting the nutritional needs of the world population. Especially in light of the effect of global warming, small ruminants production has become even more important. Especially considering the production conditions of small ruminants, the nutritional needs of animals are met by grazing in the existing highlands. This study was conducted in Ordu province, located in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye. The Black Sea region, with its coasts and springs, is a region where breeders engage in nomadic animal husbandry. In the study, it was determined that 86.6% of the nomadic sheep breeders are producing Karayaka breed sheep while 13.4% are breeding Karayaka crossbreds. In the study, 47.9% of the breeders who participated in the survey live in the village and 45.1% live in the district. Percent 94.4 of the breeders were male and 5.6% were female. It was determined that 32.4% of the breeders were between the ages of 41-50 and 40.8% were primary school graduates. The rate of those who contribute to their livelihood through husbandry is 57.2%. The rate of those who want to continue small ruminant farming in the future is 82.9%. Additionally, it was determined that the majority of breeders attach importance to record keeping and animal health protection practices. In the enterprises where the study was conducted, difficulties were encountered in supplying feed and finding shepherds, and high feed prices and labor costs were stated as the most common problems. In nomadic sheep breeding, grazing and climate parameters in pastures and plateaus have a significant impact on the nutrition of the animals. Therefore, facilitating the transportation of sheep to pastures and plateaus and the sustainability of these areas will positively affect nomadic sheep breeding.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Body Perception and Self-Esteem of Women with Total Abdominal Hysterectomy Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy Surgery – A Secondary Publication

Objective: To determine the relationship between body image and self-esteem of women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO). Method: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 118 women who underwent TAH-BSO in the obstetrics and gynecology service of a university hospital in Mersin. Data was collected using a self-made questionnaire, the Body Perception Scale (BAS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RBSS). Descriptive statistics included median, mean, standard deviation, number, and percentage values. Data evaluation methods included Mann-Whitney U Test and t-test to compare the means of two groups; Kruskal Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of more than two groups; and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables. Results: The mean age of the women was 50.13 ± 9.57, and the mean duration of marriage was 26.53 ± 11.97 years. It was found that 86.4% of the women were married, 40.7% were primary school graduates, and 55.1% had at least three children. Besides, 47.5% of the women applied to the hospital with the complaint of bleeding and according to 39% of them, the uterus meant nothing to them. Furthermore, the mean score of the women in BAI was 151.05 ± 26.64, and the mean score from RBSS was 5.02 ± 1.08. In the study, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between BAI and RBRS (r = -0.113; P = 0.224). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that TAH-BSO surgery did not have a negative effect on women’s body perceptions and self-esteem. This result shows that women’s perspectives on common gynecological surgeries such as TAH-BSO have changed.

Spatial Analysis of Provincial Primary School Graduation Rates in Indonesia in 2023

classrooms (X2) as independent variables. A total of 34 samples were used, collected as secondary data from various Indonesian provinces during 2023-2024, accessed from the official website of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. The results indicate that X1 is not significant (p-value=0.103), while X2 is significant (p-value=0.001) for the number of primary school graduates, indicating the significant influence of X2. The research findings suggest that the variable of the number of certified teachers (X1) does not significantly affect the number of primary school graduates. Conversely, the variable representing good classroom conditions (X2) is proven to significantly influence the number of primary school graduates. The policy recommendation is for the government and related institutions to prioritize the improvement and enhancement of school infrastructure, including conducive learning facilities and environments

Evaluation of Hepatitis A and B Seroprevalences in Health-Care Workers.

Viral hepatitis is still a common and important public health problem for health-care workers around the world and in our country. This study was aimed at determining the immunity status of hepatitis B and hepatitis A in order to vaccinate non-immune workers. The population of this cross-sectional descriptive study, which was conducted retrospectively, consists of all health-care workers who applied to the Occupational Health and Safety Department of the hospital between September 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, for periodic examination. The files of 1652 health-care workers were examined without selecting the sample and these individuals were included in the study. "Annex 2 form," which was delivered to the employees, was used as a data source in the research. Statistical analyses were performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics software (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA), version 15.0. In our study, the immunity against hepatitis B in the 18-29 age group, women, singles, and university graduates was statistically significantly higher, and the immunity against hepatitis A of the participants aged 50 and over, men, and primary school graduates was statistically significant and was found to be significantly higher (P <.05). The fact that 90.2% of the participants were immune to hepatitis B and 85.0% of the participants were immune to hepatitis A seems to be related to the success of vaccination programs for health-care workers in our country. It is very important that the immunization status of health-care workers, who are in the high-risk group in terms of infectious diseases, is at the desired level.

TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES RELATED TO PUERPERIUM, NEONATAL CARE AND BREASTFEEDING IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

Objective: In this research, we aimed to determine the traditional beliefs and implemented practices of women in postpartum period regarding puerperium, neonatal, care, and breastfeeding. Method: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive and consisted of 618 women living in seven regions of Turkey between December 12,2022 and January 15,2023. The data were collected through a personal information form created by the researchers and snowball sampling method was used. Mean, standard deviation, number, percentage, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data. Findings: The average age of the women participating in the study was between 38.15±10.62, and the duration of the marriage was 16.59±11.54 years. Of the women, 33.3% are primary school graduates, 73% are not working, 54.4% have an income equivalent to expenses, and 86.9% have a nuclear family structure. Of them, 59.7% stated that they resorted to traditional practices related to puerperal care, 61.8% to neonatal care, and 47.9% to breastfeeding. The traditional practices that women use the most are abstinence from sexual intercourse for forty days in puerperium (66.8%), swaddling in neonatal care (75.9%), consuming hot milk, soup, etc., and increasing milk consumption during breastfeeding (62.6%). It was found that there is a significant difference between the traditional methods applied for puerperal care, neonatal care, and breastfeeding when compared by region (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions and recommendations: It was determined that the women participating in the study applied many traditional methods related to puerperium, neonatal care, and breastfeeding. Although these methods show regional differences, they are often used. It is proposed to increase the awareness of society and health professionals specialized in their field about traditional methods and to create policies for health organizations to identify and inform, considering that these traditional methods may create differences in individuals.

Exploring the Socioeconomic Dynamics and Technological Adaptation among Farmers: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Rural Livelihoods in Jaipur, India

The research was conducted in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. There are 23 AAO departments under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture, Jothwara (Jaipur). Among these, 4 AAO departments viz. Hingonia, Jobner, Boraj and Bichun were deliberately chosen for this study because the AAO circle is next to SKNAU, Jobner is within a radius of 20 km, researchers from the school respectively many people are making technological improvements in nearby villages and farmers are also active. A total of 120 participants were selected from these four AAO circles. Judging from the entire health history of farmers benefiting from Nongtang, the majority of farmers benefiting from Nongtang are middle-aged (35 to 51 years old) (58.33%). Primary school graduates (20.00%), farmers are union members (37.50%), their share of average annual income (77.50%) is Rs. 1,26,781 to Rs. 4,72,303 and farmers share small land. category (38.33%). Moreover, most of the beneficiary farmers (44.17%) have moderate farming experience ranging from 15 to 31 years, (23.19%) farmers use PM Kisan application, (70.00%) farmers use information technology, (68%) 34) consider agriculture as the main business. job. The relationship between income and technological change shows that there is a positive relationship between education level, social participation, annual income, insured land, agriculture, agricultural practice and knowledge. The beneficiary's social profile indicates education, community involvement, annual income, land ownership, farm practice use, and data-effective and relevant job creation and annual income. The correlation between the profile of the beneficiaries and their social variables shows a positive relationship between the level of education, social participation, and annual income. There is a significant relationship between the use of agricultural practices and the change in personal property and the education level of family members. Agricultural knowledge and information are important and positively related to changes in household members' education levels and ownership of agricultural equipment.

Postpartum Depression in Women Gave Birth in the Shadow of the Pandemic

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of postpartum depression and related factors in women who gave birth during the COVID-19 epidemic. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out between January and April 2021 with 351 participants. Data collection instruments included an information form, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: The average age of the participants was 28.37±6.74. The number of pregnancies was 2.68±1.48. Primary school graduates were 47.3%, and 92% were not working. 7% of the participants had an EPDS cut-off score of 10 or above. A difference was found between the groups in terms of education level, smoking, COVID-19 experience relative to COVID-19 status and CAS and OCS score average (p

Impact of employment policies on disabled individuals in silvicultural activities

AbstractThe prevalence of disability within societies necessitates empowering disabled individuals for their social and economic contributions. This study evaluates the impact of employment policies on the economy and well-being of disabled individuals in Turkey’s silvicultural sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on physically disabled individuals engaged in silvicultural tasks from 2018 to 2021 in the Western Black Sea region it reveals an increase in their involvement despite a decrease in income, attributed to fewer workdays. The data collectively indicates that there was a minimum increase of 210% in the number of physically disabled individuals employed in silvicultural roles by private forestry companies between 2018 and 2021. The 3rd group, characterized by a 40–60% working capacity reduction, exhibited the highest employment rate, increasing from 56 individuals in 2018 to 137 in 2021. In contrast, the 2nd group (60–80% working capacity reduction) showed variable trends, reaching 11 employed individuals in 2020 before declining to 6 in 2021. Legal obligations often lead to employment in lowincome roles, hindering economic contributions. Male employment is higher, highlighting gender disparities. Education levels are generally low with recent increases in primary and secondary school graduates due to compulsory education. To create more inclusive opportunities disabled individuals could be trained for roles like planning and monitoring in forestry requiring specialized training.

THE EFFECT OF PATIENT EXPECTATIONS AND SATISFACTION ON REGIONAL TRUST IN HEALTH TOURISM: A PRIVATE HOSPITAL EXAMPLE

In this study, the effect of health tourists' expectations and satisfaction on their sense of trust in Turkey was examined. In line with the purpose of the research, the sample of the study consists of 178 patients whose structure was determined by the simple random sampling method among the patients in the institution in order to receive health care services. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. 52.8% of the 178 tourists participating in the research were female and 47.2% were male. In terms of the age variable, 41.6% of the tourists were between the ages of 18-30, 36.5% were between the ages of 31-45, and 21.9% were aged 46 and over. When the educational status variable of the tourists is examined, it was determined that 42.7% of them are primary school graduates, 14.6% were high school graduates, 33.1% were university graduates, and 9.6% were master's and doctorate degrees. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that meeting the expectations and satisfaction of the participating health tourists has a statistically significant and positive effect on the sense of trust in Turkey. In line with these results, as the expectations of the patients are met and their satisfaction increases, their confidence in Turkey increases