Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey Research Articles

An Analysis of the Effect of Cross-Enrollment between High School and University on the Labor Market Performances

This study analyses the effect of cross-enrollment between high school and college on the college GPA as well as labor market performances. It uses a three-year(2017-2019) survey of the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) and sets up the comparison group with similar attributes of the treated group based on the propensity score matching method. The results show that liberal arts students at high school who enrolled in science majors acquired a lower GPA at college than the comparison groups, but they were advantageous in employment. Similar results were found among science students who enrolled in liberal arts majors, but the results were not statistically significant. In addition, no meaningful differences were found in the probability of getting permanent job employments nor in earning levels. The results imply that cross-enrollment decisions do not seem to be a mere strategic behavior when it comes to college entrance. Therefore, it should to be encouraged to exploit the advantages of integrated learning rather than to be discouraged.

How are new nurses satisfied with their jobs? From the work value perspective of Generations Y and Z nurses.

Job satisfaction has garnered significant interest across multiple disciplines as it plays a vital role in shaping human resource strategies. In the field of nursing, enhancing job satisfaction can help prevent workforce shortages. Work values and job-related characteristics are significant predictors of job satisfaction. However, the influence of factors may change as younger generations join the nursing workforce. Although research on generational commonalities and differences in work values is increasing, there is insufficient information on generational differences in the interplay between work values and job satisfaction. This study investigated the factors associated with job satisfaction of new nurses in each generational group based on a work value perspective. A total of 280 new nurses (151 from Generation Y and 129 from Generation Z) were selected from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with job satisfaction in both groups. Most participants graduated with a diploma (61.1%), were paid less than the average salary of each group (60.4%), and conducted shift (72.9%) and overtime work (64.3%). Work values and job satisfaction levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that career growth and task work values were associated with job satisfaction for Generation Z, while task, reputation, and environment work values were associated with job satisfaction for Generation Y. Among the job-related characteristics, nurses' job tenure was associated with job satisfaction in both groups; salary and overtime had varying relationships with job satisfaction between the two generations. Understanding generational differences is crucial for improving the effective management of new generational nurses. Our study findings support that different work value dimensions and job-related characteristics were associated with job satisfaction in each generation. Accordingly, it is essential to develop distinct initiatives, such as a well-structured program, to support the continued career growth of the new Generation Z nurses, thereby enhancing their job satisfaction. Furthermore, providing a conducive working environment that helps new-generation nurses overcome challenges and ensures personal lives should be considered.

인과 포레스트를 활용한 대졸 청년층의 직무와 전공 일치가 첫 직장 만족도에 미치는 효과 분석

This study was conducted to explore the impact of major-job matching on first job satisfaction
 among college graduates. To do so, the casual forest technique, a machine learning-based causal
 inference method, was applied to the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) 2019 data to
 analyze the average treatment effects of major-job matching on first job satisfaction and the
 heterogeneous treatments effects by covariates. The main findings are as follows. First, major-job
 matching had a positive and significant effect on first job satisfaction even after controlling for
 personal, university, and workplace characteristics as covariates. Second, heterogeneous treatment effects
 were observed by gender, participation in job camps, and business type. Based on the key findings,
 the implications for high job satisfaction among young college graduates through employment related
 to their majors were discussed.

대졸 청년층의 대학 재학 중 일 경험이 첫 일자리 직무만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study was conducted to verify the effect of in-school work experience on job satisfaction in the first job among college graduates and to explore how the purpose of work experience while in school and the rele-vance of the major affect job satisfaction in the first job.
 Methods To do this, causal forests were applied to the 2020 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) to examine the average treatment effect of in-school work experience on the job satisfaction of the first employment. Additionally, heterogeneous treatment effects were explored based on personal backgrounds, col-lege factors, job preparation, and characteristics of the first job among college graduates. Furthermore, hier-archical regression analysis was applied to control for variables that were significant in the heterogeneous treat-ment effects and to verify the effects of the purpose of work experience and the relevance of the major on job sat-isfaction in the first job.
 Results First, the average treatment effect of work experience during college had a positive effect on job sat-isfaction in the first job. Second, the heterogeneous treatment effect of college location was significant, with some regions showing a decreasing effect of in-school work experience on job satisfaction in the first job. Third, livelihood type work experience has a negative effect on job satisfaction in the first job. Fourth, the relevance of work experience to the major had a positive effect on job satisfaction in the first job.
 Conclusions Based on the findings, implications and policy implications of the study were discussed.

대졸 청년층의 정부고용정책 참여 여부에 따른 노동시장 성과분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the labor market according to whether col-lege graduates participate in government employment policies. In this study, the government's employment poli-cy is Korea’s Training Credit Programs and the Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. The labor market performance consisted of employment status, employment type, job size, wages, and job satisfaction through a review of pre-vious studies.
 Methods The population of the study is college graduates between the ages of 26 and 34. However, since there is a limit to conducting research on the entire population, this study utilized 2019GOMS among the data of the College Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) provided by the Korea Employment Information Service. Excluding missing values, the final targets were 948 people with the Korea’s Training Credit Programs and 964 people with Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy. For data analysis, logistic regression analysis and least squares regression analysis, including propensity score matching, were conducted using the Stata 17.0 program. At this time, individual characteristic factors(gender, age), employment activity factors(linguistic training, certificate), and school characteristic factors(university type, university location, major) were dummized and put into control variables.
 Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that neither policy(Korea’s Training Credit Programs, Youth Job-Seeking Activity Subsidy) had a positive effect on labor market performance according to participation.
 Conclusions Therefore, in this paper, I would like to review the results of the government's employment policy that did not have a positive effect on labor market performance, and to identify and present the causes. This is ex-pected to play an important role in future employment policy operation and research.

초등 교원양성기관 졸업자의 노동시장 성과 및 영향요인 변화 분석

Objectives This study aims to examine the background of the current social issue of elementary teacher supply and demand, and to analyze changes in the labor market outcomes of graduates from elementary teacher training institutions, and identify influencing factors.
 Methods Data from the Korean Employment Information Institute's 2009, 2019 Graduates' Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) of 315 elementary education graduates were used. Weighted variables were applied to the 2019 GOMS data for 170 graduates and the 2009 GOMS data for 145 graduates. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze labor market outcomes among graduates. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify factors influencing their employment using STATA 15.0.
 Results Compared to 2009 graduates, 2019 graduates experienced an 8% rise in unemployment, a 7% increase in irregular employment, and a 15% drop in regular employment. There was a 10% decrease in regular elementary teaching positions and an 11% increase in temporary teaching positions among 2019 graduates. Factors affecting employment differed: gender for 2009 graduates, while student loan status, participation in job psychology tests, and interview resume program participation were significant for 2019 graduates. Gender, school satisfaction, on-campus job experience, and participation in job psychology tests were influential for 2009 graduates, while graduation grade percentile and school location were significant for 2019 graduates.
 Conclusions Based on these findings, the study emphasizes the necessity of long-term perspectives in elementary teacher training and supply policy and the need for expanding career and employment support programs for current students in the short term.

대학 졸업자의 IT 자격 보유가 취업과 임금에 미치는 영향분석

The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of university graduates' holding of IT certificate and to determine the effect of holding qualification on employment status and wages. The subjects of analysis were university graduates in August 2018 and February 2019, the data were referenced from GOMS(Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey). For the research method, the Logistic regression analysis and Heckman's two-step analysis were used. The types of IT qualification covered in this study are: Engineer Information Processing, Industrial Engineer Information Processing, Computer Specialist in Spreadsheet & Database, and MOS(Microsoft Office Specialist Qualification). The investigation results are as follows: First, it was found that IT qualification had a negative impact on employment. Second, IT qualification had a positive impact on the wage effect. These result may contribute to how college graduates should prepare for the IT qualification and what the qualification system implies.

대학생의 재학 중 일경험과 직업가치의 관계 분석

Objectives This study analyzes the relationship between work experience in school and job values of male and female college students. In particular, it is to confirm the effect of work experience on job value according to gender. Using the 2017~2020 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, let's analyze the consistent effect of college student's work experience in school on job value.
 Methods Using The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) 2017-2020 and subjects of this surveys were 35,217 people who four-year male and female college students(8,933 people in 2017, 9,116 people in 2018, 9,350 people in 2019, and 7,824 people in 2020). A t-test was conducted to verify the change in job value according to the work experience in school of male and female college students. And Regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact.
 Results The study results can be summarized as follows. First, it was found that male students' work experience and work experience related to their major consistently increased intrinsic job value and had a positive (+) effect. Second, it was found that female students' work experience related to their major consistently increased the intrinsic job value and had a positive (+) effect. On the other hand, it was analyzed that female students' work presence or absence of work experience consistently increases the external job value and has a positive (+) effect. Third, the consistent effect of the number of work experiences of unversity students was not confirmed. However, it was confirmed that there was no effect except for 2020.
 Conclusions The work experience in school of a male and female college students was identified as an important factor influencing job values. First, male and female college students should have work experience related to their major in order to increase their intrinsic job values. Second, it seems necessary to differentiate the career guidance of male and female students. Third, the number of work experiences in school should be selected and focused on meaningful work experiences rather than work experiences that do not help university students' career development. This result presents the direction of work experience in school for the development of job values of university students. And I think it will be helpful for the school and the government to establish policies on the work experience of university students.

Estimation of University Education Effectiveness according to Individual Characteristics and Institutional Variables using Performance Indicators: Focusing on Student Satisfaction, GPA, and Job Search Efficacy

본 연구의 목적은 대학 교육 효과성의 의미를 살펴보고, 성과지표를 활용하여 개인 특성 및 기관 변인에 따른 대학 교육의 효과성을 추정하는 것이다. 선행연구를 통하여 대학 교육의 효과성 분석을 위한 주요 개인 특성 및 기관 변인을 선정한 후, 위계적 선형 모형(Hierarchical Linear Modeling, HLM)을 활용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 한국고용정보원의 2018년도 대졸자 직업이동 경로 조사(Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, 2018 GOMS) 자료를 활용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 수준 변인으로서 고려한 설립기준 및 소재지는 대학 교육 성과 변수 가운데 대학 만족도, 학과 만족도 및 학점에 대하여 대체로 유의미한 영향력을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 삶의 만족도는 모든 대학 교육 성과 변수에 대한 정적(+)인 영향력을 가지는 것은 대학 교육 효과성에 대한 주관적 인식에 개인의 삶의 태도가 그대로 반영되어 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. 셋째, 대학 입학 시점을 포함한 교육 경험 변인은 더욱 다양하게 대학 교육의 성과에 영향을 주면서 효과성 추정의 근거로 활용될 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 넷째, 교육환경 변인은 대부분 대학 교육 성과 변수에 정적(+)인 영향력을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 학령기 감소 및 4차 산업 시대의 도래를 맞이하여 새로운 교육환경에 대처하기 위한 고등교육의 역할을 모색하고 향후 발전 방향 수립을 위한 근거자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.This research tries to estimate the college education effectiveness by measuring the effect of individual characteristics and institutional components to the performance indicators of university based on Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM). This study used 2018 GOMS data for the research purpose. The main results show following results. First, institutional sector and location significantly affect to the college satisfaction, major satisfaction, and academic performance in general. Second, the life satisfaction gives positive impact on performance indicators of university and it could reflect the personal attitude of life to the effectiveness of university education. Third, variables of educational experience, including the time of college entrance, affect the performance of college education more diversely, showing the possibility of being used as a basis for estimating effectiveness. Fourth, it can be confirmed that educational environment variables have a positive influence on most college education performance indicators. Those results provide new institutional role and further direction for the postsecondary institutions dealing in shortage of student number and needs of 4th industry era.

수도권 외 대학졸업자의 취업 전 특성에 대한 잠재계층분석 및 일자리만족도와의 관련성 연구

The problem of youth employment related to the crisis of universities outside the metropolitan area and job satisfaction of university graduates outside the metropolitan area is emerging. In college, it is necessary to find ways to increase satisfaction with jobs after graduation as well as simple employment. Accordingly, this study derived the latent class according to the characteristics before employment and analyzed the difference in job satisfaction level by latent class. The analysis specifically examined the factors affecting the classification of latent classes. This study was conducted with 6,795 university students from outside the Seoul metropolitan area, using the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) data of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Employment Information Service in 2019. The results of the latent class analysis are as follows: First, the number of latent classes according to the characteristics before employment was 6. Second, as a result of examining whether there is a difference in demographic and occupational characteristics by each group according to the characteristics before employment, there was a significant difference in gender, current full-time job status, age, income, and job satisfaction. Third, as a result of examining factors affecting the latent class according to the characteristics before employment of college graduates, when the first group was the reference group, the job satisfaction was high in the order of 5 group, 2 group, 4 group, 3 group, 6 group and 1 group. This study is important in that it analyzed the factors affecting the job satisfaction and the characteristics of the college graduates outside the metropolitan area at the same time. In addition, it is meaningful in that it reflects the individual difference of pre-employment characteristics in the analysis methodologically.

4년제 대졸 취업자의 직업가치의 차이 분석 및 직무적합성에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study analyzes the difference in job value and the effect on job fit of four-year college graduates workers using the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS).This is to find out the difference in job value and to find out the job value that has a consistent effect on job fit.
 Methods Using The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) 2016-2020 and subjects of this surveys were 48,278 people who college graduate workers(9,132 people in 2016, 9,768 people in 2017, 10,066 people in 2018, 10,296 people in 2019, and 9,016 people in 2020). ANOVA was conducted to verify differences in job value. And regression analysis was performed to determine job fit.
 Results The study results can be summarized as follows. First, the job value of four-year college graduates in 2020 has been significantly lower than that of four-year college graduates in the past four years past. Second, the intrinsic job value of four-year college graduates consistently showed a positive (+) effect on job fit. Third, the external job value of four-year college graduates showed different results from year to year for job fit.
 Conclusions The intrinsic job value was verified as a very important factor that consistently had a stable effect on the job fit of five-year, four-year college graduates. However, although the external job value varies from year to year, it had no or negative effect. This means that when choosing a job, individual characteristics are well matched, and considering development and future prospects, there is a high possibility of working in a job with high job fit. However, the tendency of job value, an important factor affecting job fit, to decrease recently has been verified, and this trend should be noted. As a result of this study, college students should establish the correct job value and increase the intrinsic job value. Universities and governments should also actively introduce programs on education and training on job value, including information on job value in career education.

구직자의 취업스펙이 실제취업에 미치는 영향에 대한 탐색적 연구

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine how job seekers’ spec influence their actual employment especially focusing on the differentiating effects of applicants’ specs depending on whether general or decent job employment.
 Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted analyses on 54,443 samples that incorporated data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey for three years (2017-2019) collected by the Korea Employment Information Service. The linear probability model and logit model were used to examine the research questions.
 Findings - The results analyzed with the hierarchical regression model showed that most job seekers’ specs were statistically significant in predicting employment status. Interestingly, there is a difference between the factors predicting employment for a general job and a decent job. This study suggests academic and practical implications for future research in the selection/ recruitment field by clarifying the critical factors to influence applicants’ employment.
 Research implications or Originality The results of this study follow the screening hypothesis which explains that the applicants’ specs have significant impacts on actual employment. Also, the dual labor market theory, which explains that applicants’ specs differently affect actual employment between general and decent jobs, was reaffirmed.

동남권 지역 청년층의 대학 입학 및 취업, 대학원 진학 관련 지역 이동 실태 분석

This research aimed to explanatorily investigate the path and aspect of the inter-regional brain drain of Korean youth for college enrollment and employment utilizing ‘2018 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS) dataset focusing on the Southeast area of Korea. To achieve the purpose of this study, we analyzed the first brain drain which includes the outflow of human resources due to the college entrance, and then the second brain drain involving the regional movement for employment or graduate school entrance. The results of this study showed that there were obviously net outflows of college students from southeast area to metropolitan area, and within the southeast area youths of Ulsan and Kyungnam were more likely to move to Busan for college entrance. Furthermore, there were net outflows of college graduates for employment from southeast area to metropolitan area as well. Meanwhile, the college graduates of Busan were more likely to be employed by the job located in Ulsan and Kyungnam. Based on the above results, this study provided that it is needed to enhance the education, research and student support competency of regional colleges, and establish more assertive ‘affirmative action’ policy to retain regional youth in the original areas.

Analysis of the Relationship among Career Education Program Participation and Satisfaction, Work Value, Career Goal Setting in Higher Education

This study aimed to analyze the causal model of career education program participation, satisfaction, and career goal setting mediated by work values in higher education. Also, this study analyzed the differences between departments. In this study, data from the 2018 Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS), the most recent data, was used. The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey is the largest short-term panel survey of a representative sample of Korean Graduates. The GOMS is conducted annually and has its results compiled each year. Structural equation modeling and multiple SEM were used for this study. The results were as follows. First, career education program participation had a statistically significant positive effect on extrinsic and intrinsic work values and career goal setting. Second, career education program satisfaction had a statistically significant positive effect on intrinsic work values and career goal setting, except for extrinsic work value. In addition, only the intrinsic work values positively affected career goal setting. Third, the career education program satisfaction impacted intrinsic work values, and the intrinsic work value impact on career goal setting was the difference between department and majors. In conclusion, this study proposed the provision of career education programs considering the difference between departments and majors in higher education.

Effects of Career Barriers That College Graduates Perceive on Falling into NEETs in Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of career barriers that four-year college graduates experience on falling into NEETs in Korea. Data were from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey 2018 who graduated from colleges of Education and four-year universities and were under 30 years old. A total of 13,596 respondents were analyzed employing descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares, and logistic regression. For career barriers, responses on a five-point Likert scale were categorized into two groups (experience career barriers or not experienced) and summed up as an indicator ranged 0 (Min.) to 9 (Max.). Findings revealed that lack of social support and care (27.1%) and lack of career plans were the top two types of career barriers. About 58.2% did not experience career barriers (indicator = 0), and 0.1% extremely experienced career barriers (indicator = 9). Female graduates experienced more career barriers than male graduates. As their ages get close to 30, the degree of career barriers decreases. About 40% experienced at least one type of career barriers. About 19.5% were NEETs, and female graduates (21.9%) were higher than their counterparts (17.5%). Geographically, there were the least NEETs in Seoul and most in Gyungsang. For majors, there were the least NEETs in the medical field and most in humanity and social science. Respondents who wanted to change their majors if they could have more probability of falling into a NEET, while those who were satisfied with career education as students were less likely to become a NEET. Based on the results, policy implications are discussed.

사범계열 졸업자의 대학생활 및 노동시장 성과 변화

Objectives The study purposed to analyze the changes in university life and labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates. Methods Among the data of the Korea Employment Information Service's The Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, 728 graduates of 2019 GOMS and 552 graduates of 2009 GOMS 10 years ago were used, changes in university life, labor market performance, and factor influencing labor market performance were analyzed using frequency analysis, desciptive statistics, and hierarchical regression analysis methods. Results First, as a result of analyzing the change in university life of secondary teacher education graduates, the proportion of university and major selection due to external motivation rather than internal motivation increased slightly, the proportion of job preparation such as career selection and job preparation program participation, and vocational education and training increased, the proportion of experience in the teacher employment examination decreased but the proportion of 9th grade civil service examination increased. Second, as a result of analyzing the change in labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates, the proportion of economic activity decreased, the proportion of job achievement planned as a job goal while attending school decreased, and the proportion of entering a school teacher also decreased slightly. Third, as a result of analyzing the changes in labor market performance influencing factors of secondary teacher education graduates, the variables that had a positive effect on both job satisfaction and major congruence were curriculum satisfaction and vocational education and training experience. Conclusions It is meaningful that basic data were provided by analyzing the changes in university life and labor market performance of secondary teacher education graduates, and it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies in university life and labor market performance for secondary teacher education students and graduates.

과학고 졸업생의 대학 전공과 대학 졸업 후 진로 분석

This study analyzed science high school graduates’ college major and career choice after college graduation using five waves of Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey of Korea Employment Information Service. The findings indicated that 92 percent of 510 science high school graduates chose engineering and natural science major in college, whereas about 3 percent of them chose medical or pharmaceutical school. After college graduation, about 60 percent of science high school graduates entered a graduate school majoring in engineering and natural science, while 45 percent of the comparison group did. This finding confirms science high school graduates are more likely to become advanced engineers and scientists than graduates from general high school. Also, the proportion of science high school graduates who re-entered medical school or entered medical professional school at graduate level was higher than the comparison group. Therefore, about 13 percent of science high school graduates made a career choice in the medical or pharmaceutical field. Finally, we divided science high school graduates’ career choices after college graduation into four categories: engineering or natural science graduate school, medical/pharmaceutical school, other graduate school, and no graduate school, and compared characteristics of each groups, based on which we suggested implications.

교원 임용시험 지원자의 사교육비 지출 실태와 영향

This study analyzed the level and impact of private education expenditure of teachers appointment exam applicants using five waves of Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey. Considering heterogeneous characteristics of primary and secondary teacher resources and different pass rates of appointment exams, we divided samples of primary and secondary teacher applicants. The findings are as follows. First, primary teacher applicants spent about 310 thousand won for private education on average. Private education expenditure for Hagwon was 470 thousand won while that for lectures on campus cost 220 thousand won. Second, secondary teacher applicants spent about 420 thousand won for private education on average. The higher household income level was, the higher private education expenditure was. Private education expenditure for Hagwon cost statistically significantly higher than other exam preparation methods. The lower rank university graduates and private university graduates spent more on private education for exam preparation. Third, private education expenditure was not a significant determinant of probability of passing both primary and secondary teacher appointment exams. Particularly for secondary teacher appointment exams, graduates with higher college GPA, higher satisfaction of college education, and from higher rank university and public university were more likely to pass the exam. In conclusion, this study found private education expenditure, which is associated with the level of household income, was not a significant determinant and the teacher appointment exams in Korea worked on the basis of meritocracy.

체육계열 대졸자의 직장 건강보험 가입 일자리 취업에 따른 대학교육 만족과 부모의 사회경제적지위

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there are differences in the satisfaction of university education support, major education satisfaction, participation in employment support programs, parental socioeconomic status according to employment for jobs providing the National health insurance program (NHIP) for graduates in sports studies and identify the influence relationship between variables.BR Method: 414 sports-related majors data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) from 2017 to 2019 were used. Satisfaction of university education support, major education satisfaction, participation in employment support programs, and parental socioeconomic status were set as variables, To analyze the differences in variables, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ANCOVA, independent sample T-test, and chi-square test were performed and to analyze the influence, logistic regression was also performed.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference in satisfaction of university education support of graduates in sports studies according to employment for jobs providing NHIP. 2) There was no difference in the satisfaction of major education according to employment for jobs providing NHIP. However, among the sub-variables, the ability and enthusiasm of major professors were found to be higher in the employment group than in the unemployment group. The ability and enthusiasm of major professors were found to have a significant influence on employment for jobs providing NHIP. 3) There was no significant difference in participation in employment programs according to employment for jobs provided by NHIP. 4) There was a significant difference in the parental socioeconomic status according to employment for jobs providing NHIP. Among the sub-variables, differences were showed in the income and assets of the parents and assets were found to have an influence on employment for jobs providing NHIP.BR Conclusion: In summary, the factors that showed a difference in employment for jobs providing NHIP of those who graduated in sports studies were parental socioeconomic status (income, asset), and the ability and enthusiasm of professors teaching major subjects were found to be an important factor in the employment for jobs providing NHIP of graduates in sports studies. It is meaningful to use the index of employment for job providing NHIP as a variable, an indicator of the government’s employment rate management.

Graduating to a gender wage gap in South Korea

Using data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey and unconditional quantile regressions, this paper analyzes gender wage gaps among recent tertiary graduates in South Korea. Unconditional log wage gaps at the mean, 10th quantile and 90th quantile are 0.190, 0.146 and 0.239 which are at least half the size of the respective wage gaps among the general population. Aggregate decompositions show that composition effects are similar across the distribution while structural effects are larger further up the distribution, therefore driving wider gaps in high-wage positions. Detailed composition effects show that high school type, field of study, firm size and occupation explain at least 50% of the wage gaps. Major drivers include low rates of women in high school science tracks; university engineering courses; large firms; and manufacturing, sales and trade occupations as well as high rates of women in small firms and administrative, health and social welfare occupations. Lastly, the use of detailed categories for fields of study and occupations is shown to substantially increase the size of composition effects.