Graded Murrah Buffaloes Research Articles

EFFECT OF LUTEAL REGRESSION ON CONCEPTION RATES IN POSTPARTUM ANESTRUS MURRAH BUFFALOES USING G48 AND G56 OVSYNCH PROTOCOLS

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of luteal regression on the conception rates in postpartum anestrus graded Murrah buffaloes. Ovsynch protocols: G48 group (n=10) and G56 (n=10) graded Murrah buffaloes, both received a 20 µg dose of GnRH on day 0, followed by 500 µg of PGF2α on day 7. On day 9, a final dose of 20 µg of GnRH was administered 48 hours after PGF2α for G48 and 56 hours after for G56. Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was conducted at 16-21 hours after 2nd injection in both groups. The luteal regression rates in both the groups were evaluated by progesterone hormone (P4) assay at different days of treatment. The results showed that in both groups, the concentration of P4 differed significantly (P<0.05) between and within groups at different days of treatment. In conclusion, it was found that the G56 group (70.00 per cent) had a higher overall conception rate than the G48 group (50.00 per cent) due to better luteal regression.

METABOLIC, MINERAL AND ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN POST-PARTUM ANESTRUS BUFFALOES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OVSYNCH 48 AND OVSYNCH 56 PROTOCOLS

The current study utilized 20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes maintained at an organized dairy farm in Vuyyuru, Krishna district to compare the metabolic (glucose), mineral (calcium) and anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase) levels in ovsynch-48 (n=10, G48) and ovsynch-56 (n=10, G56) postpartum anestrus graded Murrah buffaloes. G48 group of buffaloes received 20 µg of GnRH on Day 0, followed by 500 µg PGF2 on Day 7, a final dose of 20 µg of GnRH was given 48 hours after PGF2α on Day 9. Whereas, G56 group of buffaloes received 20 µg of GnRH on Day 0, followed by 500 µg of PGF2α on Day 7, a final dose of 20 µg GnRH was given 56 hours after PGF2α on Day 9. In both groups, FTAI was performed at 16-21 hours interval after observing estrus. Results revealed that on different days of treatment, serum glucose and calcium levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both treatment groups; however, Superoxide dismutase levels varied significantly (P<0.05) on different days of treatment in both groups. The results of the study parameters could play pivotal role in reproductive function and may provide insights into the underlying mechanism of anestrus.

Diagnostic insights from haematological and biochemical profiles in graded murrah buffaloes affected with uterine torsion

Diagnostic insights from haematological and biochemical profiles in graded murrah buffaloes affected with uterine torsion

Pregnancy Rate and Sex-ratio of Calves Born to Sex-sorted Semen in Murrah Buffaloes

The research was carried out to study the pregnancy rate and sex-ratio of female calves born through sex-sorted semen in buffaloes. Murrah and graded Murrah buffaloes were inseminated with sex-sorted semen (n=44) and with conventional semen (n=20). Out of which 17 (38.63%) and 9 (45%) buffaloes were found pregnant in sex-sorted and conventional semen groups, respectively. Out of seventeen calves born with inseminations of sex-sorted semen, 15 (88.23%) were female calves while two (11.77%) calf born were male. Out of nine calves born with inseminations of conventional semen, 5 (55.55%) were females and four (44.45%) were male. Female calves born were 32.68 % more in sex-sorted semen compared to conventional semen in buffaloes so female sex-sorted semen should be utilized for production of more number of female calves in buffaloes.

Haemato-biochemical profile in graded murrah buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia

Haemato-biochemical profile in graded murrah buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia

Herbal heat inducer Prajana vs Ovsynch in Anoestrus management in graded murrah buffaloes

Herbal heat inducer Prajana vs Ovsynch in Anoestrus management in graded murrah buffaloes

Fixed time A.I. with modified doublesynch protocol : An effective method for mitigating repeat breeding in graded murrah buffaloes

Fixed time A.I. with modified doublesynch protocol : An effective method for mitigating repeat breeding in graded murrah buffaloes

Evaluation of bypass protein in village condition in graded murrah buffaloes

Evaluation of bypass protein in village condition in graded murrah buffaloes

Effect of Supplementation of Rumen Bypass Fat on Live Body Weight, Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Body Condition Score of Graded Murrah Buffaloes

Background: During early lactation, the nutrient requirement of cows and buffaloes will be increased and at the same time, the feed intake is lowered due to stress of parturition. During this condition, depletion of body nutrient store occurs and the animal becomes weak day by day due to negative energy balance. Therefore to overcome the negative energy balance due to low feed intake, an alternate energy-dense ingredient is required. The bypass fat overcomes the negative energy balance and maintains animal body weight as well as milk production. Hence, undertook the present investigation. Methods: The present research was carried out in 10 graded Murrah buffaloes to study the effect of supplementation of rumen bypass fat on live body weight, milk yield, milk composition and body condition score during early lactation. The body weight, milk yield, milk composition and body condition score were recorded at weekly intervals before and after supplementation of rumen bypass fat. Result: Highly significant increase in live body weight, body condition score and milk production was observed, whereas a non-significant to a significant increase in milk fat and protein was recorded. The present study found a significant decrease in milk SNF and a highly significant decrease in milk density percentage. Non-significant effect on milk lactose was recorded. Therefore, it is concluded that supplementation of bypass fat could improve live body weight, body condition score and milk production in graded Murrah buffaloes.

Efficacy of certain intrauterine immunomodulators in management of endometritis in postpartum graded Murrah buffaloes

The present study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain immunomodulators on recovery and conception rate in post partum endometritic buffaloes. Total 50 buffaloes were selected for the study and randomly divided into five groups. The buffaloes of Group 1 were given with a single dose of 100 μg E. coli lipopolysaccharide as intrauterine, Group 2 buffaloes were treated with a single dose of 2 mg Lysozyme, Group 3 was treated with 4 g of Cephalexin for three consecutive days. While, Group 4 buffaloes were treated with a single dose of 2 mg Lysozyme + 4 g of Cephalexin and Group 5 was treated with 30 ml of normal saline and was kept as control. All therapeutics were infused into the uterus after dissolving in sterile water. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by declines in bacterial load and PMNL cell count after treatment. The overall conception rate was 88.88, 71.42, 66.66, 75.00 and 33.33% in Group 1, 2, 3, 4 and Group 5, respectively.

Cost and Returns of Milk Production from Dairy Animals in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh

An investigation was conducted to study the cost of milk production in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 300 dairy farmers were selected from the Godavari delta, the upland and the agency areas of the district. The study revealed that the gross cost (Rs/-) of milk production per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffalo (167.17) followed by cross bred cow (140.61), local buffalo (96.22) and local cow (58.32). The cost of milk production per litre was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (22.75) followed by local buffalo (22.82), local cow (18.89) and crossbred cow (14.02). The gross income (Rs/-) per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (292.78) followed by crossbred (236.51), local buffalo (154.84) and local cow (71.45). The net income (Rs/-) per animal per day was higher in graded Murrah buffaloes (125.61) followed by crossbred (95.90), local buffalo (58.62) and local cow (13.13). The average cost of milk production was Rs/- 23.03 and net income per litre was Rs/- 146.85 in graded Murrah buffaloes which was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the Godavari delta. The average cost of milk production was Rs/- 23.73 and net income per litre was Rs/- 71.77 in local buffalo which was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the upland area. The average cost of milk production and net income per litre in local cow was significantly (p ≤ .01) higher in the Godavari delta (20.14 and 15.46, respectively) than that in upland and agency areas.

Livestock Holding and Time Spent by Farm Women in Dairying Activities in Andhra Pradesh

A study was conducted to investigate the involvement of women in dairying activities in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. The study involved a total of 225 respondents covering 75 villages. The result revealed that small farm women possessed significantly (P≤0.05) more graded Murrah buffaloes (3.68±0.28), whereas women under medium farm category possessed significantly (P≤0.05) more number of local cows (0.28±0.07), Murrah buffaloes (0.45±0.21) as well as more (P≤0.01) buffalo heifers (1.22±0.14). The milk production (litres per day) (13.25±0.80), consumption (1.48±0.06) and milk consumption by women (0.16±0.07) was observed to be high in medium women dairy farmers in the study area. Milk sale per day was observed to be significantly (P≤0.05) high in small farmers (14.20±1.90). Small farm women (587.00±81.70) obtained more income (rupees/day) through dairying followed by medium (516.34±54.35) and landless (385.66±32.39) farm women. It was observed that women are spending more time on dairy activities in the study area compared to men. The time spent was more on feeding activities.

Non Genetic Factors Affecting Production and Reproduction Traits of Graded Murrah Buffaloes

Background: Environmental factors play a major role and influence the economically important traits in dairy animals. The present investigation was undertaken to study the influence of season on production and reproduction traits of graded Murrah buffaloes reared under farm conditions. Methods: The data pertaining to 164 graded Murrah buffaloes was utilized to study influence of seasons on various climatic factors like maximum, minimum and mean temperature, relative humidity (morning and evening), rainfall, sunshine, wind speed, evaporation and production and reproduction traits like lactation length, lactation yield, days to attain peak yield, persistency, calving interval, birth weight and number of lactations. Result: The present investigation revealed significant effect of season on all the meteorological parameters, production and reproduction parameters studied. The correlations among meteorological parameters and production and reproduction traits were also significant.

Studies on Progesterone Concentration and Fertility Response in Postpartum Subestrus Buffaloes during Breeding and Low Breeding Seasons

Background: The dairy and livestock sector plays a very important role in national economy of India by contributing close to one third of gross income of rural households and nearly half of gross income in case of those without land. Subestrus is the most prevalent, frustrating and challenging problem encountered in postpartum buffaloes. Postpartum subestrus is one of the most prevalent, frustrating and challenging reproductive problem encountered in rural resulting into prolonged inter-calving period, reduced milk production and thus greatly affecting the economy of our farming community. Methods: The present study was carried out on Graded Murrah buffaloes during the period from September 2017 to August 2019 (includes breeding and low breeding season) which were maintained at farm and field. Treatment of sub-estrus lactating graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using Double PGF2 α (DPG) and Presynch-Ovsynch (POVS) their influence on fertility in farm and field condition during breeding and low breeding season was studied. Total cholesterol and progesterone concentration was recorded during different days/period of protocols. Further, overall per cent conception and pregnancy rates were recorded and compared between two protocols. Result: Progesterone levels increased significantly on day 21 post AI in pregnant buffaloes, whereas decreased significantly in non-pregnant buffaloes both in farm and field during breeding and low breeding season. The overall per cent conception and pregnancy rates were higher in POVS group than DPG group at both farm and field as well as during breeding and low breeding seasons.

A Study on β-Casein Gene Polymorphism in Crossbred Cattle and Murrah / Graded Murrah Buffalo in Tamil Nadu

Background: Majority of the people believed that, only the native breeds have A2 milk than exotic or crossbred animals. There is no enough research on milk protein variants have been carried out in Indian zebu cattle. Present study was conducted to screen more number of crossbred cattles and buffaloes in Tamil Nadu to identify the frequency of A1 and A2 alleles in the population.Methods: The study was conducted on 68 cattle and 172 murrah / graded murrah buffaloes to explore the polymorphic variants of β-casein gene. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with allele specific primers to amplify a 244 bp long fragment of beta-casein gene and visualized in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The population genetic indices were calculated based on the formulas.Result: In the present study revealed higher level of A2A2 genotype frequency (1.00) and fixation of A2 allele in kangayam cattle and murrah / graded murrah buffalo. The observed frequency of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.38,0.62 and 0.00 for jersey crossbred and 0.29, 0.71 and 0.00 for HF crossbred cattle. The range of Expected homozygosity (0.50 to 1.00), polymorphism information content (0.30 to 0.38), effective number of alleles (1.00 to 2.00) and level of possible variability realization value (44.54% to 100%) reflected existence of medium genetic variability in studied population.

Vascular Perfusion of the Preovulatory Follicle and its Relationship in Pregnancy Establishment during Natural and Induced Estrus in Buffaloes

Background: In buffaloes, little attention has been devoted on the haemodynamics of preovulatory follicle (POF) and serum estradiol profiles and their relationship with conception rate following AI at natural and induced estrus. Methods: Sixty healthy pleuriparous graded Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided into two groups, viz., Group I and II. Group I buffaloes were artificially inseminated twice at an interval of 24 hours during natural estrus. Estrus induction was done using PIVD and PGF2α in group II buffaloes and AI was performed 48 h and 72 h after the withdrawal of PIVD. The blood flow of the preovulatory follicle (POF) and early pregnancy were assessed in both the groups by Doppler ultrasonography.Result: On statistical analysis, the mean (± SE) of spectral indices revealed there was an increased blood flow to the POF during induced estrus (Group II) when compared to natural estrus (Group I). The conception rate observed was 66.67 and 58.33 per cent in group I and II, respectively. It is concluded that increased vascular perfusion to POF resulted in almost similar conception rates in induced and natural estrus following AI in buffaloes.

Strategic Supplementation of Antioxidant Micronutrients in Peri-parturient Murrah Buffaloes Helps Augment the Udder Health and Milk Production.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of designer dietary antioxidant micronutrients on udder health, milk yield, and its quality in buffaloes under field conditions. Sixteen healthy multiparous advanced pregnant graded Murrah buffaloes (around the last 3months of gestation), identical in body weights, parity, and feeding conditions, were selected for the study. Feed offered and residues left of an individual animal were measured and recorded for 7 consecutive days with the sampling of feeds being offered to buffaloes and analyzed for dry matter and trace minerals Zn, Cu, and Se. Carotene and vitamin E content of offered feed samples were calculated based on reported values. The calculation was made to determine the deficiency of above micronutrients, and an antioxidant micronutrient supplement was designed to take care of the deficient micronutrients and supplemented in half of the buffaloes (n = 8) considered to be a treatment, while remaining half (n = 8) is considered to be control, fed as per the existing practice of farmer without additional supplementation. This supplementation study was continued for 2months during advanced pregnancy and thereafter for 3months post-calving. Dry matter intake recorded weekly during the pre- and postpartum period of study remained comparable (P > 0.05) between two groups. Udder health monitored fortnightly by modified California mastitis test, milk pH and somatic cell count indicated improvement (P < 0.05) of strategic antioxidant micronutrients supplementation. Milk yield started showing improvement (P < 0.05) as early as the first week after starting lactation with throughout enhanced (P < 0.05) values of milk protein, fat percentage, and fat-corrected milk yield. It may be concluded that strategic antioxidant micronutrient supplementation (Zn, Cu, and vitamins A and E) in the ration of peri-parturient buffaloes not only improved the udder health by reducing the occurrence of mastitis but also increased the milk yield as well as fat and protein percentage of milk.

SINGLE STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM IN EXON C OF ESTROGEN HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE ((ER and #945;) IN MURRAH / GRADED MURRAH

Buffaloes� productivity is affected mainly due to many inherent disorders. Estrogen hormone is found to be a important hormone directly linked with reproductive functions of buffalo. The present study was performed with 203 Murrah / Graded Murrah buffaloes maintained at different locations. The Polymerase Chain Reaction- Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) of ER-α gene revealed monomorphic pattern for all the tested animals, which indicates the fixation of allele in tested buffalo population. As a conclusion, monomorphic pattern of Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα) gene is considered a unique feature that may be related to the characteristic of buffaloes.

Comparative Efficacy of Ovsynch and Double PG Protocols in Postpartum Anoestrus Graded Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Comparative Efficacy of Ovsynch and Double PG Protocols in Postpartum Anoestrus Graded Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Detection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Murrah and Graded Murrah Buffaloes

Detection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Murrah and Graded Murrah Buffaloes