Grade Elementary School Children Research Articles

A Nature-Based Intervention and Mental Health of Schoolchildren: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Nature-based therapeutic or preventive interventions for mental health are increasingly popular, but their effectiveness for improving mental health is not well documented. To investigate the effectiveness of the Open Sky School Program (École à Ciel Ouvert), a 12-week nature-based intervention for elementary schoolchildren in grades 5 and 6, for reducing mental health symptoms. This 2-arm, cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted from February 27 to June 16, 2023, in French-language elementary schools in Quebec, Canada, with green space within 1 km. Participants were teachers and students in grades 5 and 6. In the intervention group, for 2 hours per week for 12 weeks, classes were taught outdoors in a nearby park or wooded area. Teachers were encouraged to engage students in basic subjects and in 10 or more mental health activities (mindfulness, philosophy, and/or art therapy). Control group schools conducted classes as usual. The primary outcome was change in student mental health (internalizing and externalizing symptoms, social problems) based on teacher- and student-reported 30-item Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) scores (3-point scale) from baseline to the immediate postintervention follow-up, assessed in per-protocol and intent-to-treat mixed-model analyses. Secondary outcomes were student self-reported changes in depressive symptoms, positive or negative affect, pro-environmental efforts and/or attitudes, and nature connectedness. A total of 33 schools participated (53 teachers, 1015 students), including 16 schools (25 teachers, 515 students) in the intervention group and 17 schools (28 teachers, 500 students) in the control group. Student mean (SD) age was 10.9 (0.75) years; 507 (50.7%) were girls. Per-protocol and intent-to-treat mixed-model analyses showed no differences in mental health symptom change between groups; for example, the adjusted mean difference in SBQ scores between the intervention and control groups for externalizing symptoms was -0.04 (95% CI, -0.13 to 0.04) in the intent-to-treat analysis and -0.06 (95% CI, -0.16 to 0.04) in the per-protocol analysis. Post hoc analyses revealed low mental health symptoms at baseline, with low variability. Slightly greater reductions in symptoms were observed in the intervention group, but only for children with higher mental health symptoms at baseline (P < .05 for interaction). For example, for children with internalizing symptoms 1 SD above the mean at baseline, internalizing symptoms decreased by 0.38 SD (mean change, -0.15; P < .001) in the intervention group vs the control group. In this large cluster randomized clinical trial in daily-life elementary school settings, 12 weeks of classes in green space for 2 hours per week did not reduce mental health symptoms in students aged 10 to 12 years in either the per-protocol or the intent-to-treat analysis. However, this low-cost, safe outdoor intervention may provide unmeasured or longer-term benefits for children with higher risk of mental health symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05662436.

Assessment of basic locomotor movement skills of elementary school students using TGMD-2

Introduction. Basic movement is the foundation of human behavior and helps young children to learn new skills in other areas. A child can actively move and exercise if they have basic movement skills. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the real condition of children’s movement skills, especially lower grade elementary school children. This can be used as a reference to prevent undesirable outcomes, such as the onset of obesity in children. Method. This study is a Pre-experimental design conducted to assess basic movement abilities in learning activities of eight locomotor movements, namely walking, running, hopping, jumping, galloping, sliding, skipping, and leaping by means of observation through motion observation instruments using the Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2) Test approach.The subjects of this study were 42 students from Pilahan public elementary school, including 14 students from grade 1, 14 from grade 2, and 14 from grade 3. Results. The research found that among the 42 lower grade students of Pilahan State Elementary School, 12 students scored below average, 14 students scored moderately, and 16 students scored above average. Conclusion. Thus, it is expected that this data can be used as a basis for evaluating students who have not scored above average. This data is also expected to serve as a reference for further research on the issue of lower grade elementary school students with below-average basic movement skills.

TEACHING SURFACE MEASUREMENT UNITS TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Mathematics learning needs to be taught to elementary school children because they will encounter various mathematical problems in their daily lives. The aim of this research is to describe surface material mathematics learning in elementary school children in grades 1 and 2 in Uzbekistan. This research is phenomenological research where researchers describe real situations in the field and report them scientifically. The data collection method used is observation. The results of the research show that teaching surface material mathematics in grades 1 and 2 of elementary schools in Uzbekistan is carried out using the drill/drilling method where the teacher gives students various problems about various types of surfaces. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the drilling method is able to make teachers successful in teaching surface material to students in grades 1 and 2 in elementary schools in Uzbekistan

Penyuluham Hukum Dampak Penggunaan Gadget Secara Berlebihan Bagi Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar di SDN Sidodadi 2 Sidoarjo

In this era of digitalization, almost all Indonesian people use gadgets. This also seems to have become an inseparable phenomenon in this era of digitalization, especially among young people in Indonesia, including elementary school children. The impact of using the gadget itself also varies, ranging from the positive impact that can be taken and the negative impact that must be avoided. Lack of knowledge about the impact of gadget use for elementary school children, students of the Faculty of Law UPN Veteran East Java conducted socialization at SDN Sidodadi 2. The target of this socialization activity is 5th grade elementary school children with a total of 55 students. This socialization activity aims to provide understanding and legal knowledge about the impact of excessive use of gadgets, especially since 5th grade elementary school children are the age when the transition from children to the adolescent phase is born. This socialization activity uses a special approach method so that in the delivery process it can be well received and on target. The results of socialization activities are summarized into reports and journals so that benefits and learning can reach the wider community.

The Effect of Physical Education Content on Children’s Activity During Recess

ABSTRACT Background Physical activity plays a crucial role for primary and secondary prevention of various chronic diseases that can lead to premature morbidity and mortality. Purpose This study was designed to investigate (a) elementary boys’ and girls’ voluntary participation in team handball during recess, while it was being simultaneously taught in physical education (the intervention phase) and after the physical education lessons had concluded (maintenance phase); and (b) the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels during physical education, team handball recess, and traditional recess. Methods One hundred thirty third grade elementary school children (53 girls, 77 boys) from six schools were taught a 10-lesson team handball unit during physical education. Ten team handball recess sessions (20 min) were organized during lunch recess in which children could voluntarily participate. Systematic observation was used to assess children’s MVPA in all settings. Results There were no significant differences between boys (49%) and girls (55%) for participation in team handball recess during intervention and maintenance phases. Boys achieved more MVPA in physical education (33% vs 29%, p < .001), team handball recess (52% versus 47%, p < .05) and traditional recess (51% versus 40%, p < .05) compared to girls. Translation to Health Education Practice Connecting recess to physical education creates an opportunity where children can voluntarily engage in activities they have learned, while enabling them to generate higher MVPA levels compared to traditional recess, especially for girls.

Generalization of Participation in Physical Activity from Physical Education to Recess in Two Elementary School Classes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the generalization of participation in parkour from physical education to parkour recess in two different elementary school classes taught by the same teacher. One class of 2nd grade (n = 19) and one class of 3rd grade (n= 26) elementary school children were taught a seven-lesson parkour unit during physical education. The teacher and the children were new to parkour, and the teacher taught each lesson first to the second-grade class followed by the third-grade class. The voluntary participation and MVPA of children from both classes in six parkour recess sessions connected with physical education lessons was investigated. In physical education, MVPA, lesson context, and teacher’s physical activity promotion in both classes was investigated. Results indicated that more time was spent in management in grade 2 (50%) compared to grade 3 (45%). In grade 3, children had more skill practice and achieved more MVPA compared to second graders during physical education (38% versus 35%, p

Differential Switch Costs in Typically Achieving Children and Children With Mathematical Difficulties

Children with mathematical difficulties need to spend more time than typically achieving children on solving even simple equations. Since these tasks already require a larger share of their cognitive resources, additional demands imposed by the need to switch between tasks may lead to a greater decline of performance in children with mathematical difficulties. We explored differential task switch costs with respect to switching between addition versus subtraction with a tablet-based arithmetic verification task and additional standardized tests in German elementary school children in Grades 1 to 4. Two independent studies were conducted. In Study 1, we assessed the validity of a newly constructed tablet-based arithmetic verification task in a controlled classroom-setting (n = 165). Then, effects of switching between different types of arithmetic operations on accuracy and response latency were analyzed through generalized linear mixed models in an online-based testing (Study 2; n = 3,409). Children with mathematical difficulties needed more time and worked less accurately overall. They also exhibited a stronger performance decline when working in a task-switching condition, when working on subtraction (vs. addition) items and in operations with two-digit (vs. one-digit) operations. These results underline the value of process data in the context of assessing mathematical difficulties.

Worm Infections (Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis) in Elementary School Students

Environmental sanitation factors and human behavior factors are factors that greatly influence the occurrence of worm disease. The high incidence of worms is caused by environmental factors or demographic conditions in an area and is also influenced by community behavior. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of worms in elementary school students in Manggala District, Makassar City. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were elementary school children in grades IV, V, and VI who attended SD Komplek Inpres, SD Perumnas Antang II, Manggala District, Makassar City, with a total sample of 61 samples. Sampling used the Systematic Random Sampling technique. This research found that 29.5% of elementary school students were positively infected, where Ascaris lumbricoides and Tricuris trichiura were the main infections. The results of the analysis showed that hand washing behavior (p=0.003), nail cleanliness (p=0.031), and clean water facilities (p=0.001) were significantly related to the incidence of worm infections in elementary school students, and the variable clean water facilities were the variable that most dominant in the incidence of worms in elementary school students.

Longitudinal Effects of Parenting Behavior of Early Childhood Mothers on School Adjustment of 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Grade Elementary School Children

Longitudinal Effects of Parenting Behavior of Early Childhood Mothers on School Adjustment of 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Grade Elementary School Children

The Effect of Children’s Smartphone Overdependence on Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Sleep Problems

Objectives: This study explored the relationship between early elementary school children’s smartphone overdependence, sleep problems, and problem behaviors. Specifically, it examined the direct effect of children’s smartphone overdependence on problem behaviors and the indirect effect of their smartphone overdependence on problem behaviors through sleep problems.Methods: About 283 mothers rearing first to third grade elementary school children (135 boys and 148 girls) answered questionnaires on their children’s smartphone overdependence, sleep problems, and problem behaviors. The Model 4 of PROCESS macro version 3.4 was used for data analysis.Results: First, children’s smartphone overdependence had a positive effect on their internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Children who were highly dependent on smartphones exhibited more internalizing or externalizing problem behaviors. Second, children’s smartphone overdependence had a positive effect on sleep problems, which in turn had a positive effect on internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Children who were highly dependent on smartphones experienced more sleep problems, which increased their internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors.Conclusion: Sleep problems mediated the relationship between smartphone overdependence and problem behaviors among early elementary school children, who have not received adequate attention from researchers. The results are meaningful because they confirm the underlying mechanism through which children’s smartphone overdependence impacts their problem behaviors. These results can be used to prevent children’s problem behaviors or reduce their sleep problems by parents rearing early elementary school children or experts providing parent education.

Efforts to Increase Children's Reading Interest through the One-Shirt Education Program in Desa Sucenjurutengah Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Purworejo

The Baju Satu Education Program is held every Friday and Saturday which is attended by kindergarten and elementary school children in grades 1-6. This activity is carried out every Friday and Saturday at 14.00 WIB. The Baju Satu education program is carried out to increase interest in learning, especially reading. The method used in Baju Satu learning is the play method. Learning titled Baju Satu is focused on the process of learning to read and reading comprehension. The media used are reading books, props, and also interspersed with listening to movies. Assessment or evaluation is carried out every time the activity is completed. The assessment is carried out by the student on duty based on several criteria, including attendance, activeness, intelligence, responsibility, and manners. At the last meeting, gifts were given to the children as a form of appreciation for learning

Penggunaan Metode Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) Untuk Memudahkan Belajar Bahasa Inggris Dalam Media Game

The development of information and communication technology has developed rapidly in various fields such as in the field of education and the field of play. Technology that is often used in all circles is a smartphone, the use of smartphones in addition to work can also be used to play. Ownership of smartphones according to the survey approximately 81.7% are used to send messages, regarding education, especially English learning according to the EF EPI survey (Englisg Profiency Index) Indonesia is in position 80 in Asia and includes low profiency. It can be concluded that there are still many Indonesian people, especially elementary school children, who still do not know about English. Therefore, a solution is made to introduce English with the theme of writing (writing) on game media, in making this educational game using the GDLC (game development life cycle) method. Educational games need development because many of the mechanics in educational games have passive mechanics, therefore in this game added mechanics, namely endless runner. After making the Tiny Man Genius game, tests were carried out on elementary school children in grades 4 and 6 based on the results of the pre-test and post-test conducted, it looks quite good even though in the pre-test session 81.3% were still below 100 with a maximum score of 200, but in the second experiment, the post-test increased, namely 93.8% increased and 87.5% with scores above 100. After conducting the test, the children stated that 68.8% helped in learning English.

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KECACINGAN PADA SISWA SDN 1 PAHANDUT SEBERANG KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Parasitic worm infections can affect the concentration of elementary school students in receiving lessons at school. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and helminthiasis infecting elementary school children in grades 1-3 at SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang. Examining the presence of worm eggs includes measuring body weight and height, fecal sampling, feces processing using the Kato-Katz method, and identification of worm eggs. The results of this study are the highest characteristics of elementary school children, namely those with poor nutritional status. The distribution of parasitic worm species found were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The highest prevalence of parasitic worms, namely Ascaris lumbricoides, was 71.7%. The intensity of worms most commonly found was Ascaris lumbricoides at 57.8%. The nutritional status of elementary school children with an undernutrition status of 36.0% is closely related to the prevalence and intensity of worms at SDN 1 Pahandut Seberang.

부모의 공감과 아동의 또래관계 질에서 정서표현성의 매개효과

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate associations between parental empathy andthe quality of children’s peer relationships, and examine the mediating effect of emotional expressivenesson the association between the two variables. Methods: Participants consisted of fifth and sixth grade elementary school children including 164boys and 145 girls in Seoul, Yongin and Suwon city. Children completed a parental empathy inventory,Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ), and the quality of peer relationship Network ofRelationships Inventory (NRI). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: There was a significant correlation among parental empathy, emotional expressiveness, andthe quality of peer relationships. There was a mediating effect of emotional expressiveness betweena mother's empathy and the quality of children's peer relationships. There was no mediating effectof emotional expressiveness between a father's empathy and the quality of children's peer relationships. The father's empathy had a direct effect on the quality of children's peer relationships. Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as a resource for improving parental empathy, children’semotional expressiveness, and the quality of peer relationships, which play a significant role inchildren’s healthy development and school adaptation.

Hubungan Antara Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dan Resiliensi Pada Anak Di Desa Tamansari

Tamansari Village is part of the Lelea sub-district which is located in Indramayu Regency, West Java. Through brief interviews with several students, indications of behavior that could be classified as bullying behavior were found. Responding to this, the student's parents instilled the values of self-resilience into their son's life.One of the external factors that can help build child resilience is the family. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between parental involvement and resilience in children in Tamansari village. This study used a quantitative approach with 140 elementary school students participating, this research was non-experimental. Participants' ages in this study range between nine to 14 years old. This study also consists of 59 male students and 81 female students. This study also consists of third graders to sixth graders. This study used a purposive sampling technique by distributing questionnaires to elementary school children in grades four, five and six. This study used two measuring instruments, namely the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) adjusted by Campbell-Stein (2007)and also a questionnaire developed by Campbell et al. (1985). The results of the correlation test showed that there was a relationship between parental involvement and resilience in children in Tamansari village (r = 0.169, p = 0.05, p &lt;0.046).

Efektivitas buku cerita bergambar berbasis budaya lokal untuk peningkatan ketrampilan membaca

&lt;p class="15"&gt;The background of this research is because the students' reading comprehension ability is still not in accordance with basic competencies. Reading learning media for fourth grade elementary school children makes children bored and difficult to concentrate. The teacher's creativity in making or determining learning media does not suit children's interests. The teaching materials for Local Culture-Based Picture Story Books for Learning Reading Comprehension Skills for Class IV Students are not yet available. The research method is quantitative research in the form of experimental research. Data collection techniques with tests. The research subjects were students at SDN 1 Kebloran and SDN 2 Kebloran. Data analysis used the Independent Sample test and the Paired Sample Test. The results of the effectiveness analysis on the pre test were 21.23 and the post test was 34.27. The sig value is 0.000 &amp;lt;0.05 so that it indicates an effect on effectiveness or in other words Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The conclusion of this study shows that the development of local culture-based picture story book media is effective for teaching students' reading comprehension skills.&lt;/p&gt;

Sedentary Behavior Levels in School-age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The stay-at-home policy during the COVID-19 pandemic increased sedentary behavior (watching TV, playing on cell phones, etc.) in school-age children. WHO recommends that sedentary behavior should only be less than 2 hours per day with an energy expenditure of 1.5 (MET) a week. This study aimed to identify and determine the level of sedentary behavior of children during the pandemic. The research design is a retrospective descriptive by tracing the activities carried out by respondents during the past week, with a sample of 71 elementary school children in grades 4, 5, and 6 who took online learning in Tulungagung Regency, East Java, which was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Instruments of sedentary behavior were measured using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), which was modified by Karaca &amp; Demirci. The results showed that 88,3% did small screen recreation, 76% did educational activities using computers/handphones, 70% didn’t travel, and 67% did not engage in cultural activities, such as making handicrafts or playing music, but mostly read books for pleasure 48%. Watching television, and using a computer/cellphone as entertainment, is more interesting in children’s minds. High sedentary behavior is also caused by age and available facilities because the development of curiosity and desire to explore is very high at school age. Children’s physical activity is very important for overall developmental growth because it optimizes the mastery of skills and attitudes, facilitates cognitive development, controls and coordinates body parts, and develops emotional intelligence, which is important in life.&#x0D; Keywords: sedentary behavior, growth and development, cognitive development, controlling and coordinating body part, developing emotional intelligence

Geometric problem solving mediated by Minecraft Education Edition in fifth grade elementary school children with ADHD

En este trabajo se describe una actividad la cual contiene tres problemas de nociones geométricas, se valoran las fases de la resolución de problemas consideradas en el marco TRU de Schoenfeld y el desempeño matemático de los estudiantes por cada problema propuesto, teniendo en cuenta los derechos básicos de aprendizaje (DBA 5) y (DBA 7) para grado quinto en el marco referencia colombiano. Fue aplicada en estudiantes neurotípicos y con diagnóstico TDAH de la institución educativa Mauricio Nelson Visbal en el grado 5-02, de forma presencial, con la guía del docente, se analiza la resolución de problemas en los pensamientos métrico y espacial; además participan en la actividad, dos estudiantes con TDAH en el mismo grado de escolaridad de la institución educativa Docente de Turbaco, los cuales la realizan con la mediación de la plataforma Minecraft Education de Microsoft, ambas instituciones se localizan en el norte del departamento de Bolívar. El estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo mediante un diseño de investigación de acción participativa. Se logró que los estudiantes que desarrollaron la actividad con el uso del recurso gamificado Minecraft Education Edition y con las consideraciones y estrategias metodológicas del modelo inclusivo TDR se destacaran en el desempeño matemático y asimismo en el domino de las fases de la resolución de problemas en comparación con aquellos estudiantes que no usaron el recurso tecnológico.

The Double Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Peer Attachment on the Influence of Marital Conflicts on Children’s Happiness: Focusing on the 4th~5th Grade of Elementary School

The purpose of this study is to examine the double mediating effect of self-esteem and peer attachment in elementary school students in the effect of marital conflict on the happiness of elementary school students. For this purpose, a double-mediated analysis was conducted using PROCESS macro version 4.1 (Model 6) on the data of 1,392 elementary school children in grades 4-5 and their guardians who participated in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children. As a result of the analysis, first, marital conflict was significant as a negative correlation with peer attachment, self-esteem and happiness of elementary school students, and peer attachment and self-esteem were significant as a positive correlation with happiness. Second, in the relationship between marital conflict and happiness, self-esteem and peer attachment showed a sequential double mediating effect. It was found that, even if marital conflict is severe, children's peer attachment and self-esteem are very important variables.

Effect of Mother’s Social Competence on Care Difficulties during COVID-19: Examining the Sequential Mediating Effects of Mother’s Sense of School-Based Community and Satisfaction with Online Learning

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mother’s social competence on the care difficulties during COVID-19 through sequential mediating effects of mother’s sense of schoolbased community and satisfaction with online learning.Methods: Data were collected from 308 mothers of 4th grade elementary school children who participated in the 4th wave of Panel Study on Korean Parent Educational Involvement [PSKPEI] in 2020. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using STATA 17.Results: There were no direct effects of mother’s social competence on the difficulties of caring during the COVID-19. However, mother’s social competence had an indirect effect on the difficulties of caring during the COVID-19 through the sequential mediation of the mother's sense of school-based community and satisfaction with online-learning.Conclusion: This study confirmed the importance of a family-school partnership during COVID-19. To support mothers’ caring during COVID-19, it is necessary to consider indirect factors such as family-school partnership rather than just the direct influence of individual factors such as social competence. This suggests that efforts should be made to establish a cooperative relationship between family and schools to help parents adapt to their role as caregivers in an ever-changing society as well as the current pandemic.