Governorates In Upper Egypt Research Articles

Evaluation of the foundations and principles of choosing exercises in rehabilitation programs for patients with knee joint injuries after surgical operations in some governorates of Upper Egypt

Evaluation of the foundations and principles of choosing exercises in rehabilitation programs for patients with knee joint injuries after surgical operations in some governorates of Upper Egypt

Is Egypt leaving no one behind? Tracing Egypt’s progress in SDG indicators

The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs are the latest of a series of global attempts by the United Nations to persuade nations around the globe to work towards a more sustainable future. In 2019, the Egyptian ministry for planning and economic development signed a partnership with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to create a series of reports on Sustainable Development Goals SDGs localization in Egypt. The series consists of a report for each of the 27 governorates covering the progress in SDG indicators. Each report identifies SDGs indicators and their targets tailored according to the governorate’s conditions. This paper traces the progress in these indicators with special focus on Egypt’s governorates with the largest vulnerable populations namely El-Menya, Sohag and Assiut governorates in Upper Egypt. The results show that the rate of progress varies across governorates and indicators. A notable remark is that not all seventeen SDGs are included in the report. The report discusses only eleven of the SDGs while disregarding the remaining six i.e. goals 9,10, 12, 13,14, 15. This in itself can be an indicator of the need for more progress in these areas specifically. Moreover, in the goals discussed in the report not all the indicators proposed by the UN are introduced and reported. The paper shows that Egypt’s most vulnerable governorates are working on achieving the SDGs but still have a long way to go.

Perception of agricultural extension personnel of their extension tasks in the governorates of Upper Egypt

Perception of agricultural extension personnel of their extension tasks in the governorates of Upper Egypt

Examining the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Family’s Choice of the Ideal Number of Children in the Light of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

Examining the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Family’s Choice of the Ideal Number of Children in the Light of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

Using of electronic extension in agricultural innovation diffusion process stages in some Upper Egypt governorates

Using of electronic extension in agricultural innovation diffusion process stages in some Upper Egypt governorates

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates and predictors among the Egyptian general population and Healthcare workers, the intersectionality of age and other factors

The promise of COVID-19 vaccines in ending the pandemic can only be achieved by overcoming the challenge of vaccine refusal. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the trusted advisors of vaccination decisions. Recommendations for vaccinating children against COVID-19 are recently gaining more public health attention due to the role of children in disease transmission and associated morbidities. Vaccination is one of the first medical decisions parents or guardians make on behalf of their children. To investigate the determinants associated with vaccine acceptability among the general population through a direct interview questionnaire and assess guardians’ views towards childhood COVID-19 vaccinations. This cross-sectional study included 2919 participants A pre-designed structured questionnaire about COVID-19 vaccination acceptability was completed by trained interviewers and interviewing the participants or their guardians (for those below 18 years old). Nearly two-thirds of participants (66.5%) accepted vaccination, 20.2% were refusing and 13.3% were hesitant. Most participants who were guardians of children below 12 years and from 13 to 17 years reported that they would accept vaccination of their children (72.5% and 70.5%, respectively). The acceptance rate among HCWs was 58.2%. The main reasons beyond vaccine refusal were mistrust of vaccine efficacy (39.5%) and having concerns regarding vaccine safety (38.8%). In a multivariable regression model, being male (OR 1.362, 95% CI 1.082–1.714, p = 0.008) resident in rural area (OR 1.796, 95% CI 1.435–2.247, p = 0.000), and lower education (OR 1.245, 95% CI 1.018–1.523, p = 0.033) were associated with an increased acceptance to be vaccinated. The acceptance rate for vaccinating children reported among their guardians was higher than adults for themselves. Extremes of age showed higher vaccine acceptance compared to young adults. Upper Egypt governorates (Faiyum and Giza) were outpacing Lower Egypt governorates in vaccination acceptance rates.

Determination of safety organochlorine and organophosphorus residual levels using gas chromatography in tomato from different governorates in Upper Egypt

Determination of safety organochlorine and organophosphorus residual levels using gas chromatography in tomato from different governorates in Upper Egypt

The quality of recreational sports services in villages youth centers in some governorates of Upper Egypt

The quality of recreational sports services in villages youth centers in some governorates of Upper Egypt

Assessing the Effective Communication Channels to Reduce Child and Adolescent Marriage in Rural Communities of Egypt

BACKGROUND: Low levels of scholarly achievement, poverty, and geographical isolation are all known to be linked to early marriage. AIM: This study aimed at identifying the most credible and the best-suited communication channels (CCs) to reach rural communities for motivating them to reduce child and adolescent marriage. METHODS: This study was a community-based cross-sectional systematic formative research. The study targeted 1000 wives who were ever married women in childbearing period aged 15–49 years and their husbands in 21 rural village units of two governorates of Upper Egypt through questionnaires. Decisions concerning the choice of the best-suited CCs were based on their reach, frequency, managerial feasibility, and effectiveness. The investigated CCs included: modern social media (search browser engine/Facebook group and/or twitter/YouTube or messaging through WhatsApp or any mobile app), traditional mass media (T.V/Radio/Reading), and interpersonal communication (talk with religious leaders/partners/friends/doctors/health promoters). Comparisons between different CCs were done using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A vast majority of the surveyed wives (96.6%) were married at an age ranging from 15 to 24 years. The spread of social media through smartphones was limited to only one-third of wives and their husbands through mainly searching on YouTube (31.7% of wives and 27.8% of husbands). Television was the most accessible means of mass media for both wives and husbands (72.5% and 63.3%, respectively). The most credible and the best-suited CCs methods for wives were talking with the health promotors and doctors with 2 times significantly higher (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.7–2.4 for each one) than that with the search on YouTube and 3 times significantly higher (OR = 3.1, CI = 2.5–3.7 and OR = 3.1, CI = 2.6–3.8, respectively) than that for social media using browser engine. For husbands, the odds of the most credible and the best-suited CCs methods were more than 1½ times higher for the talk with the health promotors than the search on You Tube (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–2.0) or the search using browser engine (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–1.9), Whereas the odds were one and a third higher for the talk with the doctor than the search on You Tube (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.6) or the search using browser engine (OR = 1.6, CI= 1.1–1.6). Significant difference was detected in favor of the traditional media as the most credible source of information only for wives’ intention to postpone their children early marriage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of recent social media worldwide, rural communities with high illiteracy have limited access to the internet and limited availability of smartphones. Interpersonal communication is considered their most effective CCs for achieving equity in reducing child marriage. It seems vital during the implementation of any strategies toward reproductive health to use not only the media broadcasts, but also to rely on the channels that are most credible and suitable for the targeted communication to support meeting the unmet need.

Prevalence of refractive errors in Upper Egypt schoolchildren

Purpose To determine the prevalence, types, and magnitude of refractive errors (RE) among the sampled-children population in Upper Egypt. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study, 14 787 students of 22 primary schools in three governorates in Upper Egypt (Qena, Luxor, and Aswan) were examined and their cycloplegic refraction had been documented. These schools were distributed between urban (seven schools represented by 5289 students) and rural (15 schools represented by 9498 students) areas. Results According to the present study, the overall prevalence of REs was 11.7% among examined primary schoolchildren. REs were more prevalent in rural schoolchildren (15.5%) than urban (5.5%), in students between 6 and 9 years (12.1%) other than those between 9 and 12 years (11.1%) and were the most vulnerable to have amblyopia. Total REs decreased with age, it reached 13.8% in first-grade and 10.2% among the sixth-grade schoolchildren. Aswan students had the highest prevalence, 24.9%, followed by Qena 5.3% and the least was Luxor governorate by 4.4%. Conclusions The overall prevalence of REs among primary schoolchildren in Upper Egypt was 11.7% and this indicates the significance of periodic screening for these errors.

Regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among school-aged children in Egypt: A country case study from The Eastern Mediterranean Region

Background: This study is a review of recent research conducted in Egypt on the problem of rising prevalence rates of obesity among school-aged children. Methods: The search was conducted in three phases. The key words used were obesity, overweight, school-aged children, and nutritional status specifically for Egyptians over the past decade (2010–2021). Online research sites and the libraries of the Egyptian universities of the eluc.org. websites were searched along with on-site visits to the libraries of thesis universities and other research institutes in Egypt, to obtain full research material. Finally, retrieved data were analyzed statistically. Results: The search identified 24 studies that covered 15 governorates and one national survey that covered 25 governorates. The prevalence of obesity in the pooled populations was 10.6%. Prevalence rates of obesity were highest in Lower Egypt (LE) (10.0%) and urban governorates (9.2%) compared to Upper Egypt (UE) governorates (6.3%, p>0.05). Obesity in the children over 10 years was slightly higher among females in the urban (5.1%) and LE governorates (5.2%) compared to males (4.1 and 4.8%, respectively). However, it appeared higher in males (5.2%) compared to females (3.2%) in UE governorates (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obesity in Egypt is rising and is related primarily to high consumption of unhealthy foods. Member states must take active steps to regulate marketing of unhealthy foods to children.

Intention of pregnant women for the postpartum use of intrauterine devices in Upper Egypt’s rural communities

Objectives This study aims to assess pregnant women’s intention in rural Upper Egypt to use the copper-bearing intrauterine device (IUD) and to identify the factors influencing their intention to use the method. Methods The study was a household survey of 400 pregnant women in 16 villages in Assiut and Sohag Governorates in Upper Egypt. Results Only one third of the study participants (30.8%) had the intention to use IUD. Reasons of not intending to use IUD were; perceived pain during IUD insertion or removal (37.5%), perceived side effects (21.3%) and misconceptions (15.2%), husbands’ disapproval for using the method (15.8%) and the desire for future fertility (12.3%). Having a secondary or a higher level of education (OR (95% CI) = 1.726 (1.085–2.746), p = 0.01) and previous use of IUD (OR (95% CI) = 2.277 (1.108–4.678), p = 0.02) were the positive predictors of the intention to use IUD, while perception of husband opposition to IUD use (OR (95% CI) = 0.604 (0.379–0.964), p = 0.03) and perception of IUD related myths (OR (95% CI) = 0.893 (0.836–0.955), p = 0.004) were the negative predictors of the intention to use IUD. Conclusion The intention to use IUD is relatively low among pregnant women in rural Upper Egypt. Targeting pregnant women and their husbands with proper counselling regarding IUD use during antenatal care visits would greatly impact increasing their use of the method.

Prevalence of Filariasis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Upper Egypt with special reference to treatment.

The study aimed to detect the prevalence of camel filariasis in Upper Egypt, the effect of age, sex, season, locality and periodicity of sampling and treatment of infested cases and also determines the diagnostic technique for detection of the parasite. The study carried out on a total number of 350 camels (Camelus dromedarius) belonged to different Governorates in Upper Egypt including Assuit, Sohag, Asswan and El-wady El-gaded, by using the following methods for diagnosis of camel filariasis, wet blood film, thin blood film, thick blood film and concentration technique (Knott's technique). From the total number of examined camels (13 out of 350) camels were positive by blood film in percentage of 3.71%. The highest percentage of infection was recorded in El-Wady El-gaded Governorate (10.83%), hot season showed 4.96%, female more susceptible (7.79%) than male (2.56%), local breed more susceptible 5.9% while imported were 0%, samples taken at night time gave (5.59%) while day time 2.41%. 5-10years old camels more susceptible than others and from clinically suspected camels (106) only 11 camels were positive by blood film while clinically healthy camels 244 only 2 camels were positive by blood film.

Dental ergonomics knowledge, practice, and attitude assessment of dentists in Upper Egypt: A cross‐sectional study

Ergonomics is the scientific study of people and their working environment. If ergonomic principles are applied in dentistry field, it helps to prevent occupational health hazards. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of group dentists in Upper Egypt regarding to dental ergonomics. Subjects and methods: a total of 430 dentists were included in the current study after sample size calculation, and then an additional number of dentists were added to guard against nonresponse. They were randomly selected from four governorates in Upper Egypt . Data were collected by face-to-face interview using pre-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items divided into five sections; first part demonstrates sociodemographic. The second part concerned with the knowledge about dental ergonomics. The third part consists of 4 questions to determine attitude of participants, The fourth part consists 5 questions focused on the practice of dentists regarding dental ergonomics and finally, the last part assess musculoskeletal disorders and treatments received of participants .Chi‐square test was used to compare between the two or more proportions. A correlation was used for describing the relationship between two mutually numerical dependent variables and significant level was set at p < 0.05. Results: revealed high response rate among participant (93%). The overall knowledge level in the current study was 11.8% had good knowledge, more than half had positive attitude towards dental ergonomic and only 8.0% had good practice. Conclusion: Dentists in Upper Egypt have problems in their knowledge and practice of dental ergonomics.

Family planning perspectives and practices of married adolescent girls in rural Upper Egypt

Objectives The aims of the study were to explore the contraceptive practices of married adolescent girls in rural Upper Egypt and identify the determinants of their ever use of modern contraception. Methods The study was a household survey of 729 married adolescent girls in 23 villages of two governorates in Upper Egypt. Listing and enumeration of all households in the selected villages were performed prior to data collection, to recruit married adolescent girls below 20 years of age. The girls were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results Only 6% of married adolescent girls were using a modern contraceptive method; 10.6% had ever used a modern contraceptive method, mostly a short-acting method. Considerable proportions of participants believed that using contraception would reduce a woman’s fertility and that women should not delay their first pregnancy (34% and 54.3%, respectively); only 50.2% believed that contraception could be used for birth spacing. Predictors of the ever use of a modern method of contraception among married adolescent girls were: accepting that contraception could be used for birth spacing (B = 1.82, p < .001), older age (B = 0.42, p < .01), better reproductive health knowledge (B = 0.23, p < .05) and sharing in contraceptive decision making (B = 0.55, p < .05). Conclusion Married adolescent girls' current use and ever use of modern contraception were very low in rural Upper Egypt. Changing the social norms to create the desire to delay first childbirth, improving adolescent girls' reproductive health knowledge, correcting myths about contraception and building girls' agency to use contraception may increase their contraceptive use.

Climate change impact on economic and irrigation requirements for sugarcane crop in Egypt

Availability of irrigation water is considered one of the major challenges faced by Egypt during current time and will be more difficult in the future with the limited water resources and linearly increase of population. The current study investigates irrigation demand for sugarcane cultivation areas in the Middle and Upper Egypt Governorates (Menia, Asyut, Sohag, Qena, Luxor and Aswan) during current time and under RCPs scenarios. The current data was collected from 1971 till 2000. The RCP data were collected for different scenarios (RCP 3, RCP 4.5, RCP 6 and RCP 8.5) during three time series (2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100). The highest evapotranspiration values during current and future conditions was found in Luxor and Aswan governorates; while the lowest evapotranspiration values were recorded in Menia and Asyut. All RCPs scenarios were significantly higher than current conditions. Moreover, the highest irrigation requirements under RCP scenarios were recorded in Aswan and Luxor under RCP 8.5 during 2071-2100 time series. While the lowest irrigation requirement under climate change were found in Menia under RCP3 during 2011-2040 time series. Irrigation requirement for sugarcane under current and future condition was demonstrated by interpolated maps.

Optimum Location of Field Hospitals for COVID-19: A Nonlinear Binary Metaheuristic Algorithm

Determining the optimum location of facilities is critical in many fields, particularly in healthcare. This study proposes the application of a suitable location model for field hospitals during the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The used model is the most appropriate among the three most common location models utilized to solve healthcare problems (the set covering model, the maximal covering model, and the P-median model). The proposed nonlinear binary constrained model is a slight modification of the maximal covering model with a set of nonlinear constraints. The model is used to determine the optimum location of field hospitals for COVID-19 risk reduction. The designed mathematical model and the solution method are used to deploy field hospitals in eight governorates in Upper Egypt. In this case study, a discrete binary gaining–sharing knowledge-based optimization (DBGSK) algorithm is proposed. The DBGSK algorithm is based on how humans acquire and share knowledge throughout their life. The DBGSK algorithm mainly depends on two junior and senior binary stages. These two stages enable DBGSK to explore and exploit the search space efficiently and effectively, and thus it can solve problems in binary space.

Serotyping, Genotyping and Virulence Genes Characterization of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica Isolates Recovered from Pneumonic Cattle Calves in North Upper Egypt.

Pasteurella (P.) multocida and Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica are the most two common pathogenic bacterial agents causing pneumonia in calves. Both bacteria are associated with significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the case of severe infections. The objectives of the present study were to perform serotyping and genotyping, as well as characterization of the virulence-associated genes in 48 bacterial isolates; 33 P. multocida and 15 M. haemolytica. All strains were isolated from pneumonic cattle calves showing respiratory manifestations such as fever, nasal discharges, and rapid breathing in North Upper Egypt governorates (Beni-Suef and El-Fayoum). PCR was applied as a confirmatory test using a specific universal gene, kmt1, and rpt2 for P. multocida and M. haemolytica, respectively. The results show that 29 (87.9%) P. multocida and 15 (100%) M. haemolytica isolates were positive for the corresponding universal gene. The results of serotyping indicate that 86.2% of P. multocida isolates belonged to serotype B:2, while 13.8% were untyped. Meanwhile, 60% and 40% of M. haemolytica isolates belonged to serotype 2 and serotype 1, respectively. Investigation of virulence-associated genes showed that all the tested P. multocida isolates harbored nanB, omp87, and toxA genes. Four M. haemolytica isolates harbored both gcp and lktC genes and of these, three isolates harbored the ssa gene. Sequencing of toxA gene of P. multocida and lktC gene of M. haemolytica in the current strains indicated a great homology with strains uploaded in gene banks from different hosts and localities worldwide.

Overweight and obesity prevalence among upper Egypt primary schools' children using Egyptian and CDC growth charts

BackgroundMonitoring of overweight and obesity among children; by using different growth charts; is fundamental to disease prevention and health promotion. Aim of the studyTo determine overweight and obesity for age among primary school children in Upper Egypt using the Egyptian and CDC growth charts. Subjects and methodsCross-sectional research design was used and conducted at 20 public primary schools in four Upper Egypt governorates. The sample size was 5300 children who selected by multistage sampling technique. Interview questionnaire included personal data and anthropometric measurements (height, Weight and BMI) and Egyptian and CDC growth charts. ResultsThe percentages of children being overweight and obese for age using Egyptian chart were low compared to CDC charts (1.9 vs 4.6%, 8.5% vs. 3.3%, 8.7% vs 3.3% respectively). According to Egyptian chart 5.2% and 5% from total studied boys and girls were overweight and obese respectively, while in CDC growth chart 13.3% and 10.5% from total studied boys and girls respectively. ConclusionIt concluded that there were remarkable differences between CDC and Egyptian growth charts references in the classification of child overweight and obesity. The CDC growth chart evident much higher prevalence among the studied children compared to the Egyptian growth chart. RecommendationPeriodic development and reconstruction of national growth chart to represent the growth pattern of all geographical areas in Egypt. Also, further researches needed to assess the differences of both international and national references.

Effect of Smart Glazing Window on Energy Consumption inside Office Building

The office buildings in Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt, reflect serious problems in achieving for energy efficiency as a result of increasing the use of mechanical refrigeration devices in office rooms, due to solar radiation and rising summer temperatures in recent years. Smart windows can play an important role in reducing significantly the energy consumption and maintaining energy inside buildings, also helps to control incoming solar radiation in order to minimize solar gain, especially in summer as well as ensuring the best natural lighting conditions without glare inside a room. This paper aims to evaluate the most efficient daylight and thermal performance of various types of the smart glazing and its impact on the energy consumption in the climatic conditions of one of the office buildings (Diwan governorate) in Sohag governorate as one of Upper Egypt governorates, with determining the best smart glass types for efficient use of energy. The paper follows the theoretical, applied, by studying types of smart glazing and their relation to achieving the energy efficiency. Then using (Energy Plus) simulation tool, which has been used in utilizing its modeling orientation (Design Builder) to study using types of smart glazing on the model of an office room in Building of Diwan governorate of Sohag in the four different orientations (North, East, South and West), when window-to-floor ratios (WFRs) (8%, 16%, 24% and 32%). The paper ends with a presentation of the most important results, recommendations and determination the best types of smart glass that provides energy, daylight without glare and providing greater comfort to users.