Government Efficiency Research Articles

A multidimensional analysis of corporate governance mechanisms and their impact on sustainable economic development: A case study of Ghana’s financial sector

Efficiency remains pivotal to the banking sector, serving as a linchpin for resource allocation and competitive prowess. This study delves into the intricate dynamics between corporate governance and banking efficiency in Ghana, with an analytical lens on cost efficiency (CE) and total efficiency (TE). Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), our investigation spans over a decade (2008–2019) and encompasses a data set of 23 Ghanaian banks.The study findings unveils that rigorous corporate governance mechanisms, as quantified by the Corporate Governance Index (CGI), exert a salutary influence on both cost and total efficiencies. Moreover, a well-defined Risk Management Index (RMI) positively correlates with cost efficiency, albeit without a substantial impact on total efficiency. Conversely, the study identifies a counterintuitive effect: the current make-up of supervisory boards, as gauged by the Supervisory Board Index (SBI), inversely impacts both efficiency metrics, signaling sub-optimal governance structures.Significantly, the research also highlights a pressing concern: the average total efficiency of Ghanaian banks lags behind the global benchmarks prescribed by the World Bank. This discrepancy underscores an exigency for efficiency optimization within the sector.The study thereby offers invaluable insights for multiple stakeholders—including regulatory bodies, investment communities, and policymakers—by delineating the governance variables that can enhance or impede banking efficiency. It also identifies actionable avenues for improvement, specifically in the realms of risk management and board composition, with the potential to catalyze a transformation in Ghana's banking landscape.

Impact of climate risk on financial stability: Cross-country evidence

There is a growing awareness that climate change is a new source of risk to the financial system, but cross-country evidence on the impact of climate risk on financial stability is lacking. This study empirically investigates the impact of climate risk on financial stability using panel data from 2007 to 2019 in 53 countries. The findings of this study reveal that climate risk negatively affects financial stability, and this adverse impact will show differences due to the different levels of economic development, financial development, and competition among countries. Furthermore, macroprudential policies have effectively maintained the financial stability of countries affected by climate risk. However, the macroprudential policies imposed on borrowers are different from balance-based and buffer-based macroprudential tools. In addition, good national governance quality can contain the impact of climate risk on financial stability. After suffering from climate risk, strengthening political stability, improving government efficiency, supervision, and legal system, strictly controlling corruption and improving the right to speak and accountability are conducive to the country's maintenance of financial stability to varying degrees. This study not only enriches the existing research in the field of climate financial risk, but also provides a reference for government departments to reduce the impact of climate risk and maintain financial stability.

A study on the tourism efficiency of tourism destination based on DEA model: A case of ten cities in Shaanxi province.

Exploring the of regional tourism efficiency is of great significance in promoting high-quality development of regional tourism. However, there are not many studies that measure the quality development of tourism destinations from the perspective of inputs and output. Based on this, the data envelopment analysis model is used to measure the overall technical efficiency (TECRS), pure technical efficiency (TEVRS), and scale efficiency (SE) with the help of DEA-SOLVER software, taking the ten prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province as examples, to further analyze and evaluate the spatial differences of different tourism destinations and the reasons for the differences. The results of the study found that: the efficiency indicators explain the differences in the development quality of tourism destinations from different sides; the development quality of tourism destinations in Shaanxi as a whole is low, with excessive inputs and insufficient outputs; and the tourism destinations with relatively high development quality are distributed in the Guanzhong. On this basis, corresponding countermeasure suggestions are put forward to promote the improvement of governance efficiency of tourism destinations in Shaanxi Province, and then optimize the quality of development.

Research on the Path of Improving the Efficiency of Urban Community Governance from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance: A Case Study of Daqing City, China

Under the background of “co-construction, co-governance, and sharing,” the role of the grassroots level is becoming increasingly important. In the past, the governance body was single with blocked information, and the inefficient governance mode required gradual transformation. In order to achieve collaborative governance and break through the obstacles in grassroots governance, the key lies in how to play the role of the community, coordinate the relationship between citizens and the community, and allow the community to better play the role of grassroots governance. Under the guidance of the concept of collaborative governance and combined with relevant data, this paper discusses the problems and current situation of community governance in Daqing City, China, explores the path to improve the efficiency of urban community governance, and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions to better realize the role of community in grassroots governance.

Impact of digital public services on governance efficiency

The impact of electronic services for citizens on the efficiency of public administration extends beyond simply digitizing bureaucratic processes. It has a positive effect on various aspects of management, ultimately increasing value for both society and the state. The purpose of the article is to quantify the degree of influence that electronic services have on several factors characterizing the public administration efficiency, utilizing the following methods: correlation analysis, factor analysis, multivariate regression, and radar method. The study found a relationship between the development level of electronic services (measured by the E-Government Index) and various indicators of public administration efficiency. The findings showed that e-government can account for approximately 57.1% variation in these indicators, but it is important to take into consideration the significant value of the standard estimation error. The study's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to examining the various aspects of public administration efficiency regarding the development of electronic services for the population, as well as their quantitative characteristics. Further research areas will be aimed at an in-depth investigation of e-governance's impact on sustainable development and international efficiency indicators.

A war without smoke: Infectious disease panic and its response—A case study of Macao-Portuguese government’s prevention and control of cholera from 1912 to 1949

With the time frame 1912–1949, and according to the recording in the government gazettes and Chinese press, this essay systematically discusses the powerful and effective measures and achievements in cholera prevention, epidemic prevention, and infectious disease control of the Macao-Portuguese government. Meanwhile, it analyzes and investigates the cooperation and interaction in cholera prevention between the Macao and Hong Kong governments and emphasizes the critical significance of regional developments of Macao’s cholera prevention and control, that is, with the internal control to lower incidence and external control to minimize importation and diffusion, the aim to control cholera was achieved thus allayed the public panic among Macao and perimeter zone, creating advantages to stabilize economic development, social order and peaceful living environment in Macao as well as other Cantonese regions. As one of the seaport cities that adopted the European medical system and model and implemented free cholera vaccination for all, the fighting process and measures of Macao-Portuguese government adopted to control the cholera epidemic show that cholera, a dreadful infectious disease, can be effectively managed as long as scientific and appropriate methods are taken. Sorting out the types and characteristics of infectious diseases in Macao during this period and the mechanism of combining medical and preventive treatment at that time, and analyzing the effectiveness of the administration of disease prevention and control by the Macao-Portuguese government and the limitations of governance under the conflict between Chinese and Portuguese will have important academic significance for understanding the efficiency and deficiency of Macao-Portuguese governance towards disease control, the construction, development and change of the urban public health emergency management system and the urban governance. The more important significance will bring to the urban public health emergency management system and the urban governance in modern China.

The National Culture as a Determinant of Governance Efficiency: An Empirical Study on Country Level

The National Culture as a Determinant of Governance Efficiency: An Empirical Study on Country Level

The collective action dilemma and its solution in the governance of urban community public space—an empirical analysis from Tianjin

The governance of community public space is one of the most concerned issue of people’s livelihood, and its effectiveness determines the residents’ living experience and even the stability of the grassroots political authority. In order to explore the factors of the effectiveness of community public space governance and the path to enhance the effectiveness of community public space governance, this analysis combines the influencing factors with the three stages of identification, management and confirmation in public value management theory, and constructs an indicator system for measuring and analyzing the effectiveness of community public space governance. The fsQCA3.0 is used to analyze the data of 300 residents in Tianjin, China, after which several aims that affect the effectiveness of community public space governance are obtained. The results show that the paths of “resident trust, property management is authoritative” and “customer oriented, democratic consultation” that bring higher governance efficiency have a consistency of 0.874761 and a coverage of 0.480994, which explains well what combination of antecedent factors should be present in communities with high public space governance effectiveness. Based on this, in order to improve the governance efficiency of community public space, improving residents’ living experience and promote the modernization of China’s urban construction, the government, property management company, owners’ committee and neighborhood committee should increase investment in enhancing policy support, establishing service concepts, introducing technology and equipment, enhancing residents’ trust and establishing dispute coordination agencies.

How to promote AI in the US federal government: Insights from policy process frameworks

When it comes to routine government activities, such as immigration, justice, social welfare provision and climate change, the general perception is that the US federal government operates slowly. One potential solution to increase the productivity and efficiency of the federal government is to adopt AI technologies and devices. AI technologies and devices already provide unique capabilities, services, and products, as demonstrated by smart homes, autonomous vehicles, delivery drones, GPS navigation, Chatbots such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard, and virtual assistants such as Amazon's Alexa. However, incorporating massive AI into the US federal government would present several challenges, including ethical and legal concerns, outdated infrastructure, unprepared human capital, institutional obstacles, and a lack of social acceptance. How can US policymakers promote policies that increase AI usage in the face of these challenges? This will require a comprehensive strategy at the intersection of science, policy, and economics that addresses the aforementioned challenges. In this paper, we survey literature on the interrelated policy process to understand the advancement, or lack thereof, of AI in the US federal government, an emerging area of interest. To accomplish this, we examine several policy process frameworks, including the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), Multiple Streams Framework (MSF), Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET), Internal Determinants and Diffusion (ID&D), Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), and Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). We hope that insights from this literature will identify a set of policies to promote AI-operated functionalities in the US federal government.

Kontribusi Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Dan Eco-Efficiency Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kinerja Keuangan Sebagai Pemoderasi

This research examines the value relevance of the concept of environmental efficiency which refers to the process of maximizing the effectiveness of business processes in order to minimize a company's environmental impact. This research aims to determine how the contribution of good corporate governance (GCG) and environmental efficiency is moderated by financial performance on company value. This research uses secondary data from 2018 to 2022 and was conducted on companies in the non-primary consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Information obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports. The sampling method used was the purposive sampling method, obtaining a sample of 56 companies with 280 observed data. This data analysis method uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research results show that companies that implement eco-efficiency strategies can increase their company value. Eco-efficiency strategies are able to produce greater cost efficiency and profits, so they are carried out by companies to improve their financial performance. This research also found that financial performance was able to mediate the relationship between eco-efficiency and company value. However, this does not affect the ability to implement GCG to increase the company's performance value. The contribution of this research lies in analyzing the influence of eco-efficiency, GCG, on company value in customer goods companies with ISO 14001 Certificate.

Research on Main Innovations and Implementation Path of the New Chinese Higher Education Financial Regulation

The recently introduced Financial System for Institutions of Higher Learning, hereinafter referred to as the "new system," represents a significant stride towards reform and efficiency in China's higher education sector. Crafted with precision, this system aims to blend the unique characteristics of higher education institutions with the principles of reform while keeping a problem-oriented perspective at its core. One of the core goals of this initiative is to boost operational efficiency. This is achieved by seamlessly integrating the new System with updated budget management regulations, the government accounting system, and state assets management procedures. This alignment with financial guidelines for public institutions is a strategic move towards fostering greater financial stability and sustainability. The genesis of these financial and economic reforms can be traced back to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Over time, these reforms have evolved in four key dimensions, signaling a profound transformation in how financial management and governance operate within the higher education realm. The effective implementation of the new system is poised to elevate the standards of financial management and governance efficiency within higher education institutions, thereby furnishing a dependable foundation for the pursuit of high-quality developments in the realm of higher education.

ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

This article examines new technologies that enable government and business to accelerate their digital transformation and even change its scope. Digitalization is inextricably linked to the innovative development model of both private company and state in order not to lag behind in the global technology race. With the rapidly developing digital economy and the increasing use of artificial intelligence, the problem of applying these technologies in public administration is becoming more and more urgent. The development of effective strategies and methods for integrating new technologies into public administration processes is crucial for increasing the efficiency and transparency of government and various economic processes, improving the provision of services to citizens, and ultimately for ensuring sustainable and balanced development of society and the economy. Nevertheless, the application of such technologies in public and private administration brings with it a number of challenges and problems. For example, it is related to ethical and legal issues of using artificial intelligence, the problem of data security and cybersecurity, as well as the need to train qualified specialists capable of working with these technologies. In this context, the relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the need for an in-depth study of the potential for the application of digital transformation technologies in public administration, economics and finance.

Does the digital economy reduce air pollution? Evidence from 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities

ABSTRACT Our study aims to investigate whether and how the development of the digital economy can reduce air pollutant emissions in China. Specifically, using a fixed effect model and an empirical test that exploits pollutant emissions in 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020, we explore the impact of digital economy development on air pollution through three mechanisms: public attention to environmental pollution, production efficiency, and environmental governance efficiency. Additionally, we provide heterogeneity analysis based on regions, industrial structure, and years of schooling. Findings are crucial for policymakers and environmentalists concerned about economic development’s effects on the environment.

Nexus Between Democracy, Corruption, and Income Inequality in South Asia

This study explores the interplay between corruption, democracy, and income inequality in South Asia, analysing data from 2012 to 2022. It incorporates variables from the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (TI-CPI), Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and measures of income inequality, in addition to other control variables relevant to political governance and economic performance. Utilising the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) approach, the research reveals that democracy, regulatory quality, income inequality, and population growth are associated with increased corruption, while effective corruption control, rule of law, and economic growth contribute to its reduction in the region. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers on enhancing democratic structures, governance efficiency, and the rule of law to combat corruption in South Asia. JEL Classification Codes: O15, D73

Government Effectiveness, Institutional Distance, and Equity Ownership in Cross-Border Acquisitions by Emerging Economies: A Comparative Analysis

Our study enhances comprehension regarding the motivations behind cross-border acquisitions (CBMA) by Emerging Market Multinationals (EMNEs). This research explores the impact of both formal and informal institutional distance on equity ownership in emerging markets. Additionally, we posit that these direct correlations are more pronounced for EMNEs compared to Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). To validate these hypotheses, we compare the CBMA of firms based in developing countries with those in developed countries. Motivated by the need to better understand a prominent group of foreign acquirers, we examine acquisitions initiated by EMNEs over a 12-year period. We observe that acquirers from developing countries tend to hold greater equity share in targets located in more economically advanced nations, sharing cultural proximity. Our study’s empirical findings highlight the differential impact of economic distance on the equity share sought by acquirers based in emerging markets, contingent upon the level of government efficiency. Specifically, we note that this relationship shifts from a linear correlation in instances of low government efficiency to a curvilinear association in situations of high government efficiency. While the cultural distance seems to have a greater adverse effect on the degree of ownership taken in acquisitions for EMNEs compared to Emerging Market Multinationals (DMNEs). It lends support to the position that the context of institutions, and institutional theory, matter.

Exploring Perceptions and Health Awareness in Fish Consumption Across Coastal and Inland Kerala

The study investigated fish consumption patterns and consumer perceptions in Kerala, focusing on coastal and inland districts during 2020. Using a sample of 396 households from four districts and employing suitable tests, the study reveals significant disparities in monthly and per capita fish consumption, with coastal areas displaying higher rates. The majority of consumers hold a moderate perception of nutritional and health benefits, indicating a need for targeted health awareness programs. Coastal and inland consumers differ significantly in their perceptions, with coastal residents demonstrating greater awareness of dietary advantages, while inland consumers express resignation to lower quality due to supply chain limitations. Urban consumers exhibit an optimistic health perception, contrasting with rural concerns about certification systems and government inefficiencies in ensuring safe fish. The study emphasizes the necessity for customized information dissemination and awareness programs to address the diverse concerns of fish consumers in Kerala.

POST COVID-19 AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE DELIVERY OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

The recent (2019-2022) Corona Virus Disease (technically addressed as COVID-19) presents many developmental dysfunctions across major economies of the world especially among the under developed and developing nations of Africa. Apart from its debilitating effects on the socio-economic life of the citizens which precipitated a "new normal" of social order, governmental efficiency in terms of infrastructural provisions for aiding economic and healthcare delivery, were elastically stretched. This calls to question the public service capacity and delivery mechanisms of most governments in addressing critical emergency cases.

The Repeated Election of Established Politicians as a Key Factor in Nigeria’s Underdevelopment

This study delves into the recurring election of established politicians and its multifaceted implications for Nigeria’s development trajectory. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes the effects of political incumbency on key development indicators, encompassing economic growth, infrastructure development, and governance efficiency. The study sheds light on the complex interplay between political dynamics and development outcomes through quantitative analysis, qualitative insights, and theoretical frameworks such as the Principal-Agent Theory. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship between political incumbency and development indicators. While some indicators exhibit positive growth, others demonstrate fluctuations or stagnation, echoing the trade-offs between short-term electoral gains and long-term development goals. Qualitative insights complement the quantitative results by highlighting concerns of limited accountability, reduced responsiveness, and stifled innovation associated with prolonged incumbency. Drawing on international experiences, the study offers comparative insights into the challenges and potential solutions. The discussion underscores the importance of striking a balance between electoral considerations and sustainable development objectives. The study recommends reforms such as term limits, electoral transparency, and support for emerging leadership to promote political diversity and informed decision-making. These recommendations can contribute to fostering an environment conducive to balanced and holistic development in Nigeria.

Reconnoitering LGU’s Potential as a Creative Innovation Center of Nueva Vizcaya Using CMCI

The Philippine Creative Industries Development Act (PCIDA) has identified the promotion of creative hubs and clusters as a key strategy to develop and support Philippine Creative Cities. This study assessed the potential of local government units (LGUs) in the province of Nueva Vizcaya to serve as creative innovation centers, utilizing the 2022 and 2023 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI) results, with the purpose of developing strategic actions to assist the LGUs in strengthening their potential and promoting stronger linkages and collaborations among stakeholders in the creative industries and the government. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Percentile ranking was used to obtain the sum scores of the five main CMCI pillars – economic dynamism, government efficiency, infrastructure, resiliency, and innovation – to visualize the LGUs’ potential as creative innovation centers, with the 50th percentile serving as the benchmark. Comparative analysis was also performed to evaluate the potential of the LGUs as creative innovation centers in the province and determine their respective strengths and weaknesses. The results showed that the municipality of Bayombong is considered the potential LGU for a creative innovation center. The province of Nueva Vizcaya presented more strengths in the resiliency and innovation pillars, but more weaknesses were seen in the infrastructure pillar. Based on these findings, the researchers crafted proposed strategic actions to enhance the LGUs’ potential as creative innovation centers.

Digital Transformation-driven Decentralisation of Public Governance

Decentralisation, also referred to as administrative decentralisation, has gained wide recognition as a governance model associated with efficient use of resources and innovative public service delivery. Thus, it is no surprise that many unitary countries and transnational governments have embraced this public governance model. Most recently, the discourse on decentralisation of public governance has become intertwined with digital transformation within the public sector. The rationale is that digital transformation was found to support the decentralisation of public governance, improving overall organisational efficiency and the creation of added public value for citizens. Based on a systematic literature review and fifteen semi-structured interviews with public sector experts, the paper discusses how digital transformation enables the decentralisation of public governance. Digital transformation supports public organisations’ efforts to gain the most out of public governance decentralisation as it improves the efficiency of local and federal governments, citizen participation, citizen empowerment, public trust, and continuance of public administration.