Government-supported Research Research Articles

Liver Transplantation Research from India During the Last 25 Years: 1998–2022

Liver transplant surgery has been performed in India for the last 25 years. We aimed to analyse the trends, characteristics, and key elements in the field of liver transplantation research from India. On April 23, 2023, we conducted a search of the Scopus database for the literature on liver transplantation research, using a well-defined search strategy. MS Excel and VOS viewersoftware programs were used to examine the articles for organisation, author, journal, keywords, and high-cited literature. This analysis examined a total of 556 papers, which constituted only a 1.55% share of the global output. These papers involved 442 organizations, 1575 authors, and 147 journals. External funding was received in 4.13% and 23.56% were involved in international collaboration. Three Delhi-NCR organizations, namely the Medanta-The Medicity (n=63), Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (n=60), and Indraprastha Apollo Hospital (n=48) led in publication productivity. M. Rela (n=90) and A.S. Soin (n=63) were the leading authors in publication productivity, while S. Sudhindran and P. Bhangui were the most impactful authors. Liver Transplantation (n=96) and Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hepatology (n=65) published the maximum number of these papers, whereas, Annals of Surgery and Journal of Hepatology led in the citation impact per paper. The most significant keywords were "Liver Transplantation" (n=484), and "Living Donor" (n=254). Only 1.80% (n=10) of the papers were highly cited papers that received 50 to 142 citations and they together registered 69.9 citations per paper. Although the number of publications on liver transplantation from India started growing recently, it forms only 1.55% of the global report. There is an unmet need to increase government-supported research and multicenter collaborative studies at national and international levels for high-quality patient care.

Hospital Access Block: A Scoping Review

IntroductionThe overarching objective of this scoping review was to explore the breadth of health care literature in attempts to identify current strategies that hospitals adopt to improve patient bed flow, reduce access and exit block while optimizing patient care. MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Proquest, and Cochrane electronic library databases supported literature search in March 2021. Scholarly articles that met the 3 eligibility criteria—access block causes, effects, and solutions—were considered. Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines supported first- and second-level literary screening processes. ResultsThe synthesis included 43 references. Most initiatives addressed access (n = 15), followed by care (n = 16) and then community (n = 9), with a further 3 articles providing commentary across all 3 domains (n = 3). Evidence supported Lean principles in both emergency department and inpatient sector. Lean principles addressing access included physician-led ED triage models, point-of-care testing, overcapacity protocols, mental health team collocation models, and fast-track services. Inpatient care Lean concepts validated gains in multidisciplinary rounds, appropriate allocation of allied health services with a 7-days-a-week model, staggering of elective surgeries, journey boards usage, transit lounges, and lateral transfers. Most literature addressing the backend was narrative in nature, theorized, and advocating for solutions and policy reform. DiscussionThis study addressed aims and identified current strategies that hospitals adopt to tackle access block while guaranteeing patient care. Government-supported research to map out evidence-based models of care that address exit block and demonstrate efficiencies is required to optimize access to care in the community.

The economic value of research in managing invasive hydrilla in Florida public lakes

Weber MA, Wainger LA, Harms NE, Nesslage GM. 2020. The economic value of research in managing invasive hydrilla in Florida public lakes. Lake Reserv Manage. XX:XX–XX. Decisions on how to allocate research funds can be informed by evaluating the benefits of research, yet past spending is rarely analyzed to gain insights for effective research allocation. We used a case study to evaluate whether research into nonnative invasive plants improved management of herbicide-resistant hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in the Kissimmee Chain of Lakes (KCOL), Florida, USA. We applied a retrospective benefit–cost analysis to quantify the net economic benefits of invasive control informed by government-supported research, relative to a scenario without research funding. Using conservative assumptions, we estimated net benefits of 11 yr of research (1999–2009) and 5 yr of improved hydrilla management as $19.5 million (2017 dollars) with a benefit–cost ratio of 3.8, including avoided ecosystem service losses to angler and nonangler lake users. These benefits were about 2.2 times the annual value of recreational fishing in the KCOL. Sensitivity analysis indicated that positive net benefits were generally robust to uncertainty regarding the hydrilla intrinsic growth rate and treatment costs in the absence of research-informed protocols. We have likely underestimated research benefits because we lumped costs from multiple programs and did not measure benefits accruing to nonusers of lakes. To enable future retrospective economic analyses, we suggest some improvements in record keeping. Our findings of positive net benefits of research may be representative of cases where relatively modest research investment in invasive species control is likely to protect widely appreciated ecosystem services.

Sustainability and Indicators of Newly Formed World-Class Universities (NFWCUs) between 2010 and 2018: Empirical Analysis from the Rankings of ARWU, QSWUR and THEWUR

In the 21st century, sustainability and indicators of world-class universities have come within the scope of an academic cottage industry. The complex problem of university sustainability implies a big challenge for countries and educators to implement important strategies in an integrated and comprehensive way. This paper highlights and analyzes the sustainability indicators of universities included as newly formed world-class universities (NFWCUs) in the top 100 from 2010 and 2018. The integration of three global ranking scales—the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), the Quacquarelli–Symonds World University Ranking (QS) and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THEs)—allows us to minimize the impact of the methodology used. This study integrates regression analysis by using statistical grouping, case studies and normative analysis. Our principal findings are as follows: among the commonly ranked top 100 universities in 2018, the ARWU, QS and THE counted 57, compared with 47 in 2010. Thus, comparing 2010 and 2018 shows that 44 of the universities appeared simultaneously in ARWU, QS and THE rankings and maintained a sustainable position in any ranking system in the family of top 100 groups. Three lower-ranked NFWCUs in the hybrid list for 2010 lost their ranking and did not appear in the group of top 100 universities in 2018, which are covered by some catch-up and young universities. The NFWCUs were from US, Australia, China, Singapore, Germany and Belgium. By systematic comparison, the US and UK continued to dominate the stability of NFWCUs in 2010 and 2018. The key sustainability indicators include a high concentration of talent, abundant resources to offer a rich learning environment and conduct advanced research. Generally, the factors were negatively associated with ranking suggesting that a higher score result in top ranking and vice versa. Teaching, research, citation and international outlook were negatively correlated with THE ranking in 2018. Similarly, Alumni and PUB were negatively associated with ARWU ranking in 2018. All factors except international student ratio were significantly correlated in QS ranking either in 2010 or 2018, where negative association was observed. The significant contribution of our study is to highlight that for the sustainability of universities, it is necessary to have an increasing emphasis on the effectiveness and efficiency of government-supported research, stability of investments and more approaches to employ international initiatives. The results also confirm the appropriate governance, developing global students and place emphasis on science and technology as additional factors in the approaches of pathways to NFWCUs, with delivery of outstanding educational programs and comprehensive internationalization as a key indicator for performance improvement and global university ranking systems.

과학기술계 정부출연연구기관의 국가직무능력표준(NCS)를 활용한 채용제도 사례연구 : 한국지질자원연구원

이 연구는 국가직무능력표준(NCS)기반 채용제도에 대해 고찰하고, 실제 정부출연연구기관 중 최초로 NCS 채용을 실시하여 공공기관 우수사례로 선정된 한국지질자원연구원의 사례 분석을 통해 향후 채용제도를 새롭게 도입하는 연구기관 등에 효과적으로 적용하기 위한 발전방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로서 2015년 NCS기반 채용 우수기관인 한국지질자원연구원의 NCS 채용도입 배경, 도입 전후의 채용제도, 제도도입 및 문제해결 과정, 채용자 요건(학위, 공인영어성적, 학점, 입사평균연령 등), 직무배치 등을 사례 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 다음과 같은 의미를 부여할 수 있다. 첫째, NCS 채용이 고학력을 우선시하는 연구기관에도 적용하여 직무형 인재 선발의 새로운 도구가 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, NCS 채용이 직무에 적합한 인재를 적재적소에 배치할 수 있는 제도임을 파악할 수 있었다. 셋째, NCS를 연구기관의 특성에 부합되게 맞춤식으로 유연하게 적용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, NCS 채용도구의 상당부분이 현재 국가적으로 추진하고 있는 블라인드 채용에 효과적으로 적용되었음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 한국지질자원연구원 사례 분석이므로 NCS 채용 도입에 따른 일반화된 결과라고 단정하기는 어렵다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가능성은 향후 다양한 실증연구를 통해 검증되어야 할 것이다. NCS는 획일적인 적용보다는 기업 고유의 특성과 비전, 목표, 철학을 반영하여 적절하게 활용한다면 과학기술계 정부출연연구기관의 인재채용 방식에 적용은 물론 블라인드 채용제도의 연착륙을 통한 향후 능력중심의 사회구현을 위한 핵심적 역할 모델로서 효과적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

직무특성과 조직성과의 관계에서 조직공정성의 조절효과 검증 : 정부출연연구소 연구인력을 대상으로

직무특성과 조직성과의 관계에서 조직공정성의 조절효과 검증 : 정부출연연구소 연구인력을 대상으로

A Study on the Effect of Social Capital Generated by Interactions among Researchers on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction - Focused on the Government-supported Research Institute -

A Study on the Effect of Social Capital Generated by Interactions among Researchers on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction - Focused on the Government-supported Research Institute -

Technology Focus: Matrix Stimulation (June 2018)

Technology Focus The evolution of horizontal drilling and multistage completions has changed matrix stimulation from the “more acid, better result” belief to effective lateral distribution and deeper penetration with less acid. Large-gallon-per-foot-based treatment became impractical and unnecessary. The constant remains that drilling is blamed for causing formation damage; therefore, matrix stimulation is needed. Underbalanced coiled-tubing drilling aimed at changing this constant, however, has its own drawbacks. For certain lithologies, acid tunneling can be an attractive alternative to rotary-bit drilling. Though the technology was proposed many years ago, its use has been limited. Hardware to control the drilling direction, fluids to dissolve the formation rock efficiently, and jetting dynamics to optimize the rate of penetration have been pushed forward progressively. The goal of stimulation while drilling finally may be achievable. Of course, not all reservoir rock types are readily soluble in chemicals. Cracking the reservoir rock will continue to be the preferred process for sandstone. The first mechanism we think of for rock cracking is hydraulics. Unless full-fledged hydraulic fracturing is required, using high-energy pulses induced by propellant or other chemical reactions can produce sufficient pressure to break the rock past the near-wellbore formation damage. Perfecting the control and job design can lead to efficiency and broader implementation. One question we often ask in the matrix-stimulation domain is “what’s new?” It almost seems that the products and technologies of yesterday have been brought out again and again with minor twists. Indeed, it is amazing how many “new technologies” actually have been around for decades. While most of the industry is busy handling daily operations and logistics, it is encouraging to see universities, government-supported research and development institutes, and even some large service and operating companies studying the science behind the products and technologies. Advanced multiscale, multiphysics mathematical models are used to optimize particle bridging for diverting efficiency; large-scale experimental setups are used to gain insights into differential etching patterns during acid fracturing caused by viscous fingering and heterogeneous reactions, perforation penetration in realistic geometry and stresses, and other phenomena that could not be observed by small-scale laboratory testing. These studies help us appreciate the ingenuity of our predecessors and help us fit the technologies to the right applications better. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 185344 Application of Closed-Fracture Acidizing for Stimulation of Tight Carbonate Reservoir in Mumbai Offshore by Dilip Kumar Sarma, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, et al. SPE 187019 Large-Scale Visual Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Acid Fingering During Carbonate Acid Fracturing by Xiaogang Li, Southwest Petroleum University, et al. SPE 189546 Influence of Transport Conditions on Optimal Injection Rate for Acid Jetting in Carbonate Reservoirs by Dmitry Ridner, Texas A&M University, et al.

Factors affecting government-funded research quality

ABSTRACTAs the number of research grants distributed to academic research in science has been continuously increasing, it is necessary to examine various factors that affect research quality. While there have been a large number of studies on factors that affect research productivity or performance, their empirical results have been quite inconclusive and conflicting. We argue that one of the reasons for mixed results involves the measurement of research performance. To tackle the problem, we measure the quality of government-funded research through journal impact factors as well as journal rankings, considering the specific features of academic disciplines. We find that the magnitude and degree of factors vary depending on how research quality is measured. More interestingly, several variables including researchers’ ages, the number of authors, and international collaboration show completely different results according to the level of journal ranking. Based on the empirical results, we suggest policy interventions that can improve the quality of government-supported research.

A Study on the Determinants of R&D Efficiency in Government-supported Research Institutes Using Tobit

This study attempts to calculate R&D efficiency of patent applications and patent grants by analyzing 18 government-supported research institutes in Korea. Then, we focus on evaluating which external socioeconomic factors affect R&D efficiency. We analyzed efficiency determinants by ruling out inputs directly affecting the efficiency of patent application and patent grants using the Tobit regression method. The results showed that the important determinants affecting the efficiency of patent applications and grants positively are those belonging to the Research Council of Industry Technology, and a higher number of patent grants for the past five years. But the number of years of service for CEOs and the number of years since establishment did not derive statistically significant results for the efficiency of patent applications and grants. A higher number of part-time employees in total full-time workers did not exhibit statistically significant results in efficiency of patent grants, even though it had a positive impact on efficiency of patent applications.

The Effect of Research Autonomy's Factors on the Organizational Effectiveness : Focusing on Researcher of the Government-supported Research Institutes

The Effect of Research Autonomy's Factors on the Organizational Effectiveness : Focusing on Researcher of the Government-supported Research Institutes

The evolving role of collaboration in developing scientific capability: Evidence from Korean government-supported research institutes

Scholars have emphasized the role of collaboration for the development of scientific capability and economic growth in developing countries. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining the appropriate evidence, there has been little empirical research on the role of collaboration in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolving collaboration strategy of Korea’s government-supported research institutes (GRIs). Using 44 years of bibliographic data, our analytic framework, which considers the dependence and diversity in knowledge creation, established three main findings. First, the transition of knowledge inflow into the competency of research organizations in developing countries requires the drive of the government along with the internalization of knowledge. Second, universities play an important role in sharing knowledge as scientific capability grows. Third, the role of GRIs with regards to collaboration changes as the scientific capability of external R&D entities and policy directions change.

Replicant I – There's a storm coming

Replicant I – There's a storm coming

Strategic collaboration of R&D entities for technology convergence: Exploring organizational differences within the triple helix

AbstractBased on a contextual framework of the organizational differences between types of research and development entities, this study examines how organizational contexts affect the advent of technology convergence. It demonstrates the effects of research and development entity types and alliances using the multi-assignation analysis of technology domains and rich data on government-supported research and development programs in South Korea. The findings show that technology convergence is likely to occur when a university develops technology alone or in collaboration with another research and development actor. These results reflect the important role of incentive structure and collaboration strategies in increasing the development of converging technologies.

Game-theoretic paradigms in collaborative research: Part 1 - theoretical background

We wish to better understand how to be successful in conducting collaborative scientific research in today’s knowledge-based economy. The goal of industry- or government-supported research is to ultimately benefit the sponsor and society. The measure of success is validated by the implementation of research results among the sponsoring industries or governments, resulting in economic advancement and other benefits. Employing participants in today’s supply chain, we will specifically examine the effectiveness of industry-funded logistics-research when disseminated to the constituent enterprises. Our focus is the multi-party dynamics of knowledge dissemination, acceptance and its translation into implementation. To understand the chemistry among participants, we review game theory and information value theory , both of which determine the effectiveness of collaborative research, considering the coexistence of cooperation and competition among participating enterprises.

신정부 국정과제 및 지질자원 분야 R&D 정책 방향 분석

With the advent of a new Korean government, a new national agenda (140 items) was reported. Additionally, Work Plans of the executive bodies were also released, including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP); the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE); the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF); and the Ministry of Environment (MOE); the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT). For government-supported research institutes, it will be important to watch and analyze the changes in the government`s primary policies and strategic goals. In this paper, we analyzed new governmental research and development (RD science and technology development based on creativity and innovation; creation of new growth engines by fusion and diffusion; construction of stable energy systems; promotion of environmental industry; and creating satisfactory land services. In the area of geoscience and mineral resources technology, it is time to search for a new, creative, and interagency fusion R&D contents to meet the needs of the public and boost its national competitiveness.

A Study on the Development of Information Strategic Planning for Green & Smart IT in Government-supported Research Institutes : Focused K Research Institute

A Study on the Development of Information Strategic Planning for Green & Smart IT in Government-supported Research Institutes : Focused K Research Institute

How cooperation between innovators and investors influences the innovation process

This research article explores the role of intermediaries in government-supported research partnerships. Using an evolutionary approach to innovation, we attempt to show that barriers to (eco-) innovation can be partly overcome and public agencies can leverage their invested money by establishing intense knowledge exchange between innovators and investors. Empirically, we first develop criteria to reduce information asymmetries between innovators and investors and second evaluate functions and instruments of intermediaries to support this process. Theoretically, we contribute to literature surrounding innovation systems as well as entrepreneurial finance, by developing a typology of intermediaries that possesses the competencies and instruments to address systemic failures for (eco-) innovation.

Are Central Institutional Review Boards the Solution? The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group’s Report on Optimizing the IRB Process

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health convened a working group in June 2011 to examine alternative institutional review board (IRB) models. The working group was held in response to proposed changes in the regulations for government-supported research and the proliferation of multicenter clinical trials where multiple individual reviews may be inefficient. Group members included experts in heart, lung, and blood research, research oversight, bioethics, health economics, regulations, and information technology (IT). The group discussed alternative IRB models, ethical concerns, metrics for evaluating IRBs, IT needs, and economic considerations. Participants noted research gaps in IRB best practices and in metrics. The group arrived at recommendations for process changes, such as defining specific IRB performance requirements in funding announcements, requiring funded researchers to use more efficient alternative IRB models, and developing IT systems to facilitate information sharing and collaboration among IRBs. Despite the success of the National Cancer Institute's central IRB (CIRB), the working group, concerned about the creation costs and unknown cost-efficiency of a new CIRB, and about the risk of shifting the burden of dealing with multiple IRBs from sponsors to research institutions, did not recommend the creation of an NHLBI-funded CIRB.

개방형 혁신과 흡수역량의 공진화 : 한국 중소기업의 혁신경로 관점

This study examines the co-evolutionary process between open innovation and firms' absorptive capacity. The effects of open innovation can be maximized through the capacity to absorb the knowledge from the external sources such as universities, government-support research institute, and private R&D centers. This study used data of STEPI technology innovation survey conducted at 2002, 2005, and 2008 (3 points measures). The data were analyzed through a structural equation model. Results suggest that open innovation at t0 point influences positively the absorptive capacity at t1 point, which subsequently enhances the intention of open innovation at t2 point. This result suggests the existence of co-evolutionary process between open innovation and firms' absorptive capacity. When knowledge comes from universities, the co-evolution has sustained; whereas when knowledge comes from private firms' R&D centers, the co-evolution has not effected. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.