Government Spending For Health Research Articles

PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP IPM KABUPATEN SUMBAWA TAHUN 2015-2020

This study aims to know the effect of government spending in education and health toward Human Development Index (IPM) in Sumbawa District.The data used in this study was time series data for 5 years from 2015 to 2020. The type of this study was associative that uses quantitative data.The data sources used was secondary data obtained from the Finance and Asset Management Agency Regions (BPKAD). The technique used to analyze data were multiple linear regression, t test, f test and R2. The results of study showed that the variable of government spending in education had an effect toward the human development index as indicated by t-value was higher than t-table (4.462 > 3.182, then variable of government spending in health partially had effect toward the human development index, indicated by the t-value was higher than t-table (4.566 > 3.182. Furthermore, government spending in education and health simultaneously had effect toward human development index of Sumbawa District, this was based on the result of f-value was higher than f-table (17.762 > 9.55) with significance value of 0.022 <0.05. The value of R2 was 0.922 which means that the effect of government spending in education and health toward human developmentindex (IPM) in Sumbawa District in year of 2015-2020 was 92.2% while its remaining of 7.8% was affected by other variable out of this study.

Does Government Spending in Health, Education, and Military Improve Welfare in Asian Developing Countries?

The study of government expenditure is essential for economists and policymakers. This study aims to analyze the impact of various government spending, mainly on education, health, and military, on the effect of welfare on Asian Countries. This study was conducted in 20 Asian countries constructed on panel data from 2013–2017 and is analyzed using the fixed effect general least square (FEGLS) method. The results show that, government spending in health, military, and education had a positive and significant effect on Asian Countries' welfare. This research concludes that, the government health expenditure had the highest impact on welfare, followed by education and military spending.

Cyclicality of social spending in west African countries: evidence from Ghana and Nigeria

This study investigates the behaviour of government social spending in two West African economies of Ghana and Nigeria. It seeks to discover if government spending in health and education is procyclical, acyclical or counter-cyclical. Findings show that government spending in this sector in the short run is mixed but predominantly counter-cyclical. In the long run, however, government social spending is procyclical, increasing as output growth increases. We also document the inapplicability of the Armey Curve for the two countries, as results show that the squared term of social expenditure is an increasing function of output growth. A significant policy implication of these is that when government is cutting down on its outlays in periods of economic booms to stabilize growth, it should do this without compromising on quality. In particular, while government cuts down on education, for instance, it should not cut down on health expenditure because it would be damaging for growth stability. Furthermore, since procyclical tendencies of developing countries may be attributable to weak institutions and corruption, government must possess the political will to fight institutional graft by building durable processes and systems that would outlive any administration.Keywords: Procyclicality, Fiscal Policy, Social Spending, Health, Education, Ghana, Nigeria

An Assessment Of Trade Openness On Gender Inequality: An ARDL To Co-Integration Approach (A Case Study Of Pakistan)

The impacts of trade policies are ambiguous for male and females due to difference in social status, economic opportunity and control over resources in developing countries. Unfortunately, trade policies are gender blind and overlook female’s concern and objectives. It is fact that trade openness promotes economic development but it is still unclear its impact on females. The study investigates the impact of trade openness on gender inequality in case of Pakistan from the period of 1985 to 2015. We have taken gender inequality index generated by Ahmed and Bukhari (2007), foreign direct investment, trade openness, Female labour force participation, enrolment ratio of females, and government spending on health and education sector. After applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to co-integration and Vector Error Correction Estimation (VECM) technique, the results demonstrate the sign of stationary of time series variables, and short run as well as of long-run equilibrium relation among variables. However, trade liberalization polices will be beneficial if its help to increase the export sector. Export sectors of Pakistan are on textile, clothing and mostly on agriculture products where mostly female are employed. Increasing share of government spending in health and education will indirectly affect the women health ability in order to enhance their social status and access over the economic recourses which can reduce the gender inequality in Pakistan.

Government Spending In Health And Nonhealth Sectors Associated With Improvement In County Health Rankings.

There is little evidence to demonstrate the impact on local health outcomes of spending that occurs outside the health care sector. We leveraged novel data from the US Census Bureau to measure the independent impact of a community's health and nonhealth expenditures on a broad measure of overall health-the County Health Rankings-over time. Using lagged longitudinal models that accounted for correlations of health outcomes and expenditures within counties, we found significant positive associations between expenditures and County Health Rankings for seven of the fourteen expenditure categories examined: community health care and public health, public hospitals, fire protection, K-12 education, corrections, libraries, and housing and community development. These areas of social spending have modest but detectable positive associations with population health, whether or not they primarily target health. Achieving improved health outcomes through a culture-of-health ethos should involve the consideration of public expenditures in both health and other social service areas.

The impact of government spending on poverty reduction: Evidence from Pakistan 1972 to 2008

This study aims at assessing the impact of government spending in various sectors of the economy on poverty reduction. Time series annual data for the period 1972 to 2008 has been used for analyzing the long-run impact of government spending in education, health, economic and community services, budget deficit and law and order on poverty reduction by using recent econometric development. The results show that government spending on education and law and order significantly contribute to poverty reduction while government spending on budget deficit and economic and community services appeared to be responsible for poverty in Pakistan. The study reveals that government spending in health sector does not have significant impact on poverty reduction. The study recommends that Government of Pakistan should allocate more resources towards education and health sector for the development of human capital. There is a need to reform government institutions like police, judiciary, civil services that may help in reducing poverty. Furthermore government should cut down its wasteful non-development expenditure financed through domestic and foreign borrowing and allocate more resources for developing education, health and infrastructure sectors of the economy. Key words: Government spending, poverty, education, budget deficit, cointegration.

Swimming Against the Tide: Strategies for Improving Equity in Health

The evidence shows that government spending for health in many developing countries benefits the well-to-do more than the poor. However, a combination of favorable political forces and sound public policies can shift the focus of government expenditures toward the poor. Doing this is an essential part of any effective poverty reduction program in developing countries.

Public Expenditure, Growth and Poverty Reduction in Rural Uganda

Abstract: Using district‐level data for 1992, 1995, and 1999, the study estimated effects of different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty in Uganda. The results reveal that government spending on agricultural research and extension improved agricultural production substantially. This type of expenditure had the largest measured returns to growth in agricultural production. Agricultural research and extension spending also had the largest assessed impact on poverty reduction. Government spending on rural roads also had a substantial marginal impact on rural poverty reduction. The impact of low‐grade roads such as feeder roads is larger than that of high‐grade roads such as murram and tarmac roads. Education's effects rank after agricultural research and extension, and roads. Government spending in health did not show a large impact on growth in agricultural productivity or a reduction in rural poverty. Additional investments in the northern region (a poor region) contribute the most to reducing poverty. However, it is the western region (a relatively well‐developed region) where most types of investment have highest returns in terms of increased agricultural productivity.