Role Of Government Research Articles

Conceptualising collaboration for educational change: the role of leadership and governance

ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the concept of collaboration, and how it can be mobilised in policy and practice in the pursuit of educational change in the context of the Scottish education system. Policy analysis and interviews with primary school headteachers highlighted the lack of definitional agreement but common conceptual characteristics of collaboration, and the implications of this for how it is led and governed in the pursuit of change. Highlighted in this paper is the complex interplay between forms of, influences on, and drivers of collaboration and how this results in varied outcomes of it. It is argued that collaboration across systems should be focused, purposeful, and supported with high levels of trust from those involved or enabling it to happen, and meso- and macro-level structures which are flexible to enable diverse forms of collaboration to emerge. This paper presents a framework for collaboration that supports the complex consideration of the interrelated domains of forms, influences, and drivers of collaboration, and the leadership practices and governance arrangements necessary for collaboration to lead to improvement and change.

Symbiosis between Private Sector and Politics amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

In this study, symbiosis is denoted as the cooperation that manifested between parties in an event or setting. Thus, through collective private and government actions that transcends borders, the next phase of combating Covid-19 requires a change of mind on the supposed role of the local government and the private sector. Hence, the study assessed the symbiosis between the local barangay unit and the private sectors that occurred in the respondent-towns in the City of Meycauayan, Bulacan during ECQ. Given the combined efforts from the local barangay units and the different individuals and private enterprises to help the residents, it was determined that there was indeed a positive effect on the community. Residents were aware of the contributions of the private individuals and enterprises which help them to go through the hardships of unemployment, being able to eat and survive the ordeal of the ECQ and Covid-19. In essence, the residents of the respondent-towns benefited form the symbiosis between the private and public sector amidst COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of environmental, social and governance performance on brand value: The role of the digitalisation level

Purpose: Studying the role of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in enhancing brand value is strategically important for promoting sustainable development.Design/methodology/approach: Using panel data for 126 different brands over 10 years, we empirically analyse the impact of ESG performance on brand value, considering the moderating role of the digitalisation level.Findings/results: Firstly, the impact of ESG performance on brand value exhibits a U-shaped relationship. Secondly, the digitalisation level negatively moderates the U-shaped relationship. Thirdly, the effect of ESG performance on brand value is mainly on the sub-items of environment and social responsibility, while the effect of governance is not significant.Practical implications: Firstly, firms should recognise the complex relationship between ESG performance and brand value, and strive to find a balance between economic benefits and sustainable development. Secondly, firms can utilise digital technology and platforms to communicate and interact with consumers, integrating ESG principles into their daily brand activities. Thirdly, investments in environmental and social responsibility are more meaningful for improving brand value.Originality/value: Firstly, our study adds value to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ESG literature by investigating the non-linear impact of ESG performance on brand value. Secondly, we replenish the mechanistic study about how ESG performance affects brand value. Thirdly, we open the black box of the effect of single indicators (E/S/G) on brand value, including the specific direction and strength.

Challenges and opportunities in Australian greenhouse gas storage legislation: insights from the CarbonNet project

Co-funded by the Victorian and Australian Governments, the CarbonNet Project (CarbonNet) was established in 2009 to enable commercial deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The duration and first-of-a-kind nature of the project has also provided an opportunity to test the Australian legislative greenhouse gas (GHG) framework. Although the Commonwealth legislative regime has comprehensive GHG legislation in place, one of the recognised barriers to geological storage in Australia is permitting and regulatory complexity. CarbonNet’s practical application of the legislation has emphasised that regulatory maturity will only be achieved once a number of projects have been permitted through the full project lifecycle. While the project has achieved many regulatory firsts, there have been several policy and regulatory challenges. Successes have come via legislative reform, scientific investigation and collaboration, and stakeholder engagement and communication. This paper provides insights into CarbonNet’s regulatory journey and key learnings in testing first-of-a-kind regulatory processes. It also explores opportunities for improvement in the GHG regulatory framework, while noting the progress of recent legislative reform and government collaboration. The paper concludes with a recognition of the need for the CCS regulatory framework to be straightforward, fit-for-purpose, proportionate, risk-based, and not overly prescriptive or complex. CCS projects may span decades and require significant upfront investment from multiple companies or consortia. Proponents and investors require confidence in the regulatory framework underpinning a project before making these large commitments. Accordingly, there is a key role for both Australian and State governments in providing the enabling legislative and regulatory framework for CCS projects.

What facilitates green economic growth in mineral-endowment countries? The role of digital financial inclusion, mineral resources, and economic governance

What facilitates green economic growth in mineral-endowment countries? The role of digital financial inclusion, mineral resources, and economic governance

Information needs of caregivers of adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities in India.

Many families of adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities in India experience difficulty in accessing services/supports, due to lack of awareness/knowledge of disability rights/laws and available services, and in accessing the services. There remains insufficient research on the information needs of these caregivers and on designing interventions that aim to increase their awareness/knowledge about human rights and supports/services. A strengths-based mixed methods needs assessment was conducted to understand the information needs of these family caregivers. Results showed that caregivers ≥50 years had significantly higher information needs than younger caregivers. Specifically, caregivers with no proficiency in English needed more information on the available services for the care recipients (n = 100). Qualitative results showed that very few caregivers had any awareness or access to information on human rights, disability-related laws/policies or available supports/services (n = 15). Study findings underscore the government's role in improving awareness-raising initiatives and imparting the information in multiple Indian languages.

Corporate Governance in Listed Firms: Does Market Competition Make a Difference?

This study assesses the relationship between market competition and corporate governance by analysing 562 non-financial companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market from 2010 to 2019. We used the quantitative method through oridinary least squares (OLS) robust and feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) regression to control heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, which is suitable with panel data to test the above relationship. According to the research results, market competition has complementary and alternative effects on corporate governance, as reflected in the positive and negative effects of the variable Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a proxy for market competition, on corporate governance. Market competition has a support impact on corporate governance, which is more evident in board size, CEO duality, and CEO ownership. In contrast, the impact of market competition substituted corporate governance and reduced the role of corporate governance, as demonstrated by the independent board members. As a result, our study provides an extended understanding of the factors affecting corporate governance, primarily based on contingency theory. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for further research in this field and identifies a number of potential solutions for investors and regulators.

The Mediating Role of Corporate Governance in the Relationship between Net Profit and Equity and Voluntary Disclosure in the Context of Legitimacy Theory

The Mediating Role of Corporate Governance in the Relationship between Net Profit and Equity and Voluntary Disclosure in the Context of Legitimacy Theory

Innovative Cloud Computing Techniques for Big Data Administration Getting Past Roadblocks and Developing New Paths

The digital era's introduction of big data has fundamentally altered the landscape of information management, providing organizations across a wide range of industries with unprecedented opportunities and difficulties. This scientific inquiry digs into the convergence of cloud computing and big data, presenting a thorough history of their evolution and underlining their critical roles in modern data governance. Through a meticulous examination of the critical role of effective big data management across diverse industries, the paper emphasizes the critical importance of cloud computing solutions in addressing the multifaceted complexities arising from data volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and security. Conventional big data handling approaches inside cloud computing frameworks, such as batch processing, stream processing, data warehousing, and virtualization, are thoroughly evaluated in light of their inherent constraints. The paper then examines modern cloud computing solutions that have been precisely tuned to handle the issues of scalability, real-time processing, and security inherent in large data management. The investigation is complemented by the inclusion of informative case studies and real-world examples that demonstrate the practical applicability of these pioneering ideas across a wide range of sectors, from entertainment to manufacturing. Furthermore, the paper defines emerging technologies and trends in cloud computing, highlights persistent obstacles, and outlines prospects for innovation and future research in the field. Ethical and regulatory aspects such as data privacy, fairness, openness, and compliance are extensively reviewed and emphasized. Finally, the article recommends for ongoing innovation, academic investigation, and ethical discernment to fully realize the promise of big data while limiting related hazards, emphasizing the dynamic nature of big data governance within the context of cloud computing. Key Words: Cloud computing, Big data, Hadoop ,Spark, AI and machine learning integration Blockchain

Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment

ABSTRACT Does governments’ ideology influence the likelihood of ransom payment? Despite a steady interest in hostage-taking events, this question remains unanswered. In this article, I argue that ideology contributes to explaining governments’ decisions to pay or not pay ransoms: guided by individualising moral foundations, left-leaning governments are more likely to concede to terrorists to save lives. I test the theoretical argument through a quantitative analysis of abductions between 1970 and 2020 whose victims are citizens of OECD member states. Two results stand out. The presence of leftist governments increases the likelihood of ransom payment, but the abduction of statesmen mitigates its impact. This work contributes to hostage-taking and Foreign Policy Analysis literature by covering an apparent gap in these fields. It also fosters studies on the role of ideology in security issues and moral dilemmas by focusing on a peculiar event that scholars have largely overlooked.

The governance role of R&D specialist auditors: Evidence from discretionary R&D expenditure

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether auditors who specialize in research and development (R&D) activities help reduce managers’ opportunistic adjustment of R&D expenditure for real earnings management (REM).Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of US firms during the 2001–2017 period, the authors identify auditors’ R&D specialization as their prior experience of auditing R&D expenses spent by each client’s peers. The authors measure R&D-based REM as the negative deviation from the predicted level of R&D expenditure.FindingsThe authors find that clients of R&D specialist auditors are less likely to engage in REM through a discretionary reduction of R&D expenditure. This effect is more pronounced when clients face higher competition, have larger investment opportunities and entail higher audit risks.Practical implicationsThis study shows that auditors’ specialized knowledge can facilitate stronger monitoring of clients’ real decisions, providing implications for auditors’ knowledge acquisition and transfer in specific types of transactions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by documenting the governance role played by R&D specialist auditors in clients’ real economic decisions. Moreover, the study identifies R&D as a distinct area of auditor specialization.

Board Diversity and Governance Outcomes of State Corporations in Kenya

Boards play a critical leadership role in good governance of Kenya’s state corporations, which exit by law to deliver effectual services to the citizenry. The sector has since independence undergone various reforms aimed at continuous improvement, mitigating inherent challenges and to deliver efficient service. In 2015, the Government of Kenya upscaled its governance architecture by sanctioning a governance code. Despite this endeavour, the state corporation’s ecosystem has recorded unimpressive outcomes on the corporate governance front. This study sought to establish the relationship between board diversity and governance outcomes of state corporations in Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used on a target population of 138 state corporations and a simple random sampling technique used to draw a 20% study sample, amounting to 28 state corporations. The study collected primary data using a structured questionnaire. A drop and pick method were used to administer the questionnaire to three respondents from each sampled state corporation upon consideration and application of accruing research protocols. The data collection instrument was pretested prior to the actual data collection to check reliability and validity upon which the emergent issues were corrected and instrumentation enhanced. The collected data was analysed using simple regression analysis vide SPSS version 21. The findings have been presented using tables. The study established a significant positive relationship between board diversity and inclusion and governance outcomes of state corporations in Kenya and concluded that board diversity and inclusion is a key driver of corporate governance outcomes. The study recommended that firms should mainstream diversity and inclusion in order to drive sustainable advantage in boards as a tool to effective leadership and governance. Future studies may be undertaken in the private sector for contextual comparability

The Role of Local Governments in Supporting Social Forestry Implementation in Indonesia: A Social Network Analysis and Evidence from Eastern Indonesia

Social forestry has become an integral part of Indonesia's efforts to balance economic development, conservation of natural resources, and the well-being of local communities. The Jokowi administration has made significant efforts to promote this initiative, including allocating 12.7 million hectares of state forest areas and recognizing it as an instrument to address tenure issues in forest areas through the Omnibus Law on Job Creation with getting support from various regulations by relevant ministries. However, social forestry support is needed down to the local government/regional levels (provincial, regency, and village levels). This study aims to analyze the local government’s support for implementing social forestry. We employ Social Network Analysis to identify local government entities and their relationships in implementation processes. Additionally, document analysis is used to assess the extent of local government support through their working documents. The study shows that local government support for the implementation is still limited, with its execution primarily concentrated within a few agencies. Social forestry has not yet fully become a strategy for achieving community well-being around forests, enhancing local economies, or protecting forest resources. Furthermore, stakeholders' understanding of social forestry, resource availability, and local government policies to support it remains limited. Improvements in these three aspects are necessary to ensure successful implementation at the regional levels.

Green innovation: the role of government subsidies under the system of digital finance -based on a zero-inflated negative binomial model

Green innovation: the role of government subsidies under the system of digital finance -based on a zero-inflated negative binomial model

Dynamic Equilibrium Between Equity Control and Residual Control: Impact on Corporate Fraud and Innovation

ABSTRACT Considering actual company controllers’ controlling rights, we analyze the fraud—governance role and innovation consequence, finding that the equity control right significantly inhibits company fraud’s different types and severity. However, digital transformation, personal motivations, and external regulations weaken this relationship. Interest discrepancy causes a misallocation of equity and residual control rights toward corporate fraud. Equity control exerts a greater impact on fraud, thus enabling innovation; herein, the company controller is a value investor and active regulator. This paper provides new insights and references for controlling rights and corporate governance in emerging markets and fills a current gap in the literature.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PELESTARIAN SITUS SEJARAH DALAM RANGKA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH

The aim of this research is to determine the role of local government in preserving historical sites in order to optimize local revenue and what factors hinder the preservation of Taman Renungan Bung Karno as a historical site in Ende Regency. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the role of local government in preserving historical sites at Taman Renungan Bung Karno in the aspects of motivator, facilitator and dynamist has not been carried out effectively. The government must be more active in carrying out innovations in promoting tourism and disseminating information regarding the Bung Karno Reflection Park through outreach activities and seminars. The government also needs to provide supporting infrastructure such as bathrooms/toilets which are vital tourist needs, repair damaged park facilities, including tightening supervision in the park.

Boardroom Diversity and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the UK Firms

AbstractThis study provides comprehensive evidence on the link between boardroom diversity and reduction of carbon emissions. Analyzing data from a sample of 344 UK-listed non-financial and unregulated firms over the period from 2005 to 2021, our findings indicate that task-oriented (i.e., tenure) and structural (i.e., insider/outsider) board diversity are important for reducing corporate carbon emissions while relational diversity does not appear to be useful. Furthermore, the study explores the role of external carbon governance, such as the Paris Agreement, on firms with weaker internal governance structures. The findings reveal that external governance plays a critical role in curbing emissions when internal governance is not effective. Overall, our research offers valuable insights for management and regulatory bodies on the interplay between various governance mechanisms internal and external to a firm. This knowledge could guide them in determining the right mix and degree of diversity in the boardroom to achieve environmental goals.

Does corporate governance moderate the impact of earnings management on capital structure of the listed corporations on Palestine and Amman Bourses

The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of corporate governance on the relationship between earnings management and debt level in capital structure. The paper used a hypothesis-testing research approach to gather data from the annual reports of 13 industrial companies listed on Palestine Exchange and 25 Jordanian companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, along with correlation analysis to evaluate linear relationships between variables. The fixed and random effect regressions were utilized to develop the research model. In the case of Palestinian manufacturing firms, the results revealed that Earnings Management (EM) had a significant negative impact on debt level. According to the moderating role of Corporate Governance (CG), larger boards and the existence of female members on the board of directors causes an increase in the high-leverage impact of EM, whereas CEO duality mitigates the high-leverage impact. However, in the case of Jordanian manufacturing firms, EM showed an insignificant impact on debt level. Regarding the moderating role of CG, it was proved that the presence of female members on the board of directors increased the firm’s reliance on debt financing as a result of EM practices, while institutional investors mitigate the effect of EM on debt financing, leading to a decrease in reliance on debt. The findings of this research are suitable for the regulators while formulating policies on the Corporate Governance and the Impact of Earnings Management on Capital Structure. These findings have guided the policymakers that they should enhance their focus on Palestine and Jordan companies to test Corporate Governance Moderates the Impact of Earnings Management on Capital Structure. This study is also helpful for the new researcher while investigating this area in the future.

Local Government Empowerment and Collaborative Approaches in the Electricity Sector: A Constitutional Analysis

This article explores the constitutional provisions and legislative aspects governing the role of local governments in generating and distributing electricity in South Africa. It encompasses the constitutional framework, which grants municipalities specific powers and responsibilities, highlighting the significance of these "original powers" derived directly from the Constitution. The article emphasises the need for intergovernmental cooperation at national, provincial, and local government levels to effectively address the complexities of electricity provision, taking into account related services such as water, sanitation, and environmental rights. The article further assesses recent amendments to the Electricity Regulation Act 4 of 2006, which grant municipalities greater involvement in electricity generation and procurement from independent power producers. While these amendments are seen as positive, the article highlights the need for financial resources and technical capacity building to empower municipalities to undertake these new responsibilities effectively. Ultimately, it emphasises the critical role of local governments in ensuring a sustainable and reliable supply of electricity for their communities while calling for comprehensive support from higher government levels to realise this goal.

Exploring Digital Strategy as a Business Management and Transformation Tool in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Experience

Despite valuable business opportunities and solutions that digital technologies offer, studies show that many business leaders have yet to explore the potential of digital solutions to manage and transform their businesses to capture more value. Through a semi-structured interview with business leaders and managers in Lagos, Nigeria, and content analysis, this paper explored how business leaders may leverage the potency of digital strategies to manage and transform business operations in developing nations like Nigeria to obtain more value. The result provided a distinctive insight into the dynamics around digital strategy adoption in business and the inclusive effects, evidencing that managing and transforming business operations in developing nations is achievable by adopting soft and hardware digital solutions at all levels of the business process. This paper advances the discussion on digital strategy adoption in business and recommends a paradigm shift of businesses in developing countries to a digitally evolved business construct to streamline processes, unlock new opportunities, and benefit from the potency of digital solutions. The paper underscores the government and other stakeholders' roles in driving digital strategy adoption in developing nations' businesses. The recommendation in this paper could be rewarding to influencing change in the process and management of business operations in developing nations, creating an opportunity for theoretical expansion and implementation of digital strategies for business management and transformation to achieve operational efficiency and sustainability objectives.