Role Of Government In Development Research Articles

Theme-Based Book Review: the Government Role in Development and Public Finance

Theme-Based Book Review: the Government Role in Development and Public Finance

The Role of Government in Development of Small-Scale Business in Enugu Metropolis

The Role of Government in Development of Small-Scale Business in Enugu Metropolis

Научные исследования в США: финансирование, структура, результаты

The article gives an estimation of scientific and technological potential in the USA in the end of second decade of 21 Century. The article analyzes the source-performer matrix of R& D and achieved results in research and innovations. The author considers positions of the USA in world science by absolute volumes as well as by share of domestic GDP. The article demonstrates the role of most important sectors of R&D (government laboratories, industry, universities, non-profit organizations, state and local authorities) by sources and performance. The role of universities is disclosed as a key sector of basic research. Also the role of industry is shown as leading producer of applied research and innovations. It emphasized also the significance of non-profit research organizations for social and humanitarian studies. A special attention is paid to the role of government in development of American science. The author reviews the significance of legislation in developing R&D in the USA, the role of government regulation in this sphere, the place of government laboratories in scientific process. Also the article describes the effectiveness of American R&D. It is resulted in different indicators, including a number of Nobel prizes, patents, citation indices, positions in various technologies.

Government role in development of child-friendly city based on traditional games

The purpose of this study is to synergize and integrate theoretical-conceptual with the development of a child-friendly city (CFC) related to the community, local elites and the government of Kendari city. It is also intended to explore the values that exist in children's traditional games in the area of Kendari city with the empirical reality that occurs during the process of urban development. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection technique used in-depth interviews and field observations. The results show that children's traditional games in Kendari city today tend to experience a shift towards modern games based on computer and television technology. This condition affects the behavior and character of children. Children easily give up, unable to cooperate, difficult to interact with the environment are some negative impact of the modern games. Support and cooperation from various parties are needed to overcome this problem. Development of CFC is a government priority program. The CFC provides guarantees for the fulfillment of the children rights. To realize a CFC, the government should prepare the children's creative space, cooperate with the relevant parties, and form a task force for CFC. The results of the research can be used as a recommendation in the form of regulations and policies of Kendari city government toward the development of CFC through children's traditional games approach.

Role of governance in creating a commodity hub: A comparative analysis

The body of work on natural gas hubs has been expanding rapidly in recent years, with most of the current work examining the creation of gas hubs focusing on either the European experience or the North American experience. In this paper, we adopt a different perspective and place the focus on experience of hub building from other international commodities. We analyse three commodities - crude oil, iron ore and coal, and draw experience on the role of governance in development of hub based prices. In particular, we propose that the role of governance is different at different stages of the pricing transition to market based pricing. Governance could play an important role at the initial stage, building the relevant soft and physical infrastructure which facilitates the reaping of first mover advantage. As the market develops, private sector players may prefer less involvement of governance, which may distort markets. With market stabilization, governance should be focused on maintaining stable rules and regulation for private sector development, as well as monitoring for further changes in global trends. To facilitate the building of a benchmark price, the public sector should adopt a long-term and overarching view on industry growth.

Role of the State in Financial Sector Development and Achieving Pro-Poor Growth: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper provides theoretical background and empirical research on state’s role in financial sector development, focusing on state’s role in achieving pro-poor economic growth through its activities in development of the financial sector. To this end, in the theoretical part of the paper it is explained that pro-poor growth depends on the strong private sector, while at the same time private sector development is dependent on the degree of financial sector development. Defining pro-poor growth as a set of policies aiming to reduce poverty, it is argued that pro-poor growth is dependent on financial sector development both, directly and indirectly. Financial sector development contributes to poverty reduction directly through improvement of the access to financial products/services to the poor, and indirectly through private sector’s better access to financial sources which as a consequence impacts the overall economic growth of the country. By analyzing theoretical approaches, it is shown that government policies and actions in financial sector development might positively impact private sector development, and therefore (indirectly and directly) contributes to pro-poor growth. The empirical part of the paper discusses the role of the state in financial sector development and its contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), arguing that this growth needs to be pro-poor oriented as BIH is the poorest country in Europe. In order to assess state’s role in financial sector development and its implication to pro-poor growth in BIH, surveys among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and government representatives were conducted. The aim of the surveys was to analyze the perceptions of private sector participants and of government institution employees perceptions about the government role in development of the financial sector oriented to SMEs. The research shows significant disagreement between the two surveyed groups about the efforts currently being implemented by BIH government in supporting the private sector through financial sector development. It is concluded that government needs to work more closely with the private sector as well as with the financial sector so as to better identify the private sector needs and then create policies and take actions necessary for the private sector to develop, which would consequently lead to poverty reduction.

Role of Government in Development of Sustainable Ecotourism in Karnataka

Ecotourism is a visit to the natural reserved areas like national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves for sightseeing as tourism. The visit of reserved areas by the tourists, the entrepreneurs, the government and the host community, the major agencies or stakeholders in ecotourism, has created numerous effects in the field of ecology, socio-cultural, economic which are indefensible lots of time. Sustainability is also a sober concern. The current article inspects sustainability as an association with all its stakeholders and proposes on preserving equilibrium in the correlation which is necessary to achieve sustainability. The part of rule in attaining sustainability is surveyed and found that it helps in reinstating the essential stability in the association with the stakeholders in ecotourism. Ecotourism in Karnataka is steadily qualified for the consideration of the tourists, the government and the entrepreneurs for clear motive. Karnataka has necessary prospective in ecotourism to cope up with the interests of the tourists, the entrepreneurs and the government but does sustainability study with concern in the schedule of these organizations. An environmental law is one of the most effectual tools for executing sustainability; it needs plenty of provisions to institute synchronization between the stakeholders and hence the goal of sustainability in ecotourism remains unachievable.

After the Crisis: Industrial Policy and the Developmental State in Low‐Income Countries

AbstractThe current global economic crisis has been disastrous for many millions of people. But it has also had the desirable effect of prompting a little more skepticism towards the economic beliefs that have constituted the mainstream view about public economic strategy for the past three decades, both in the major western states and in international lending organizations like the World Bank and the IMF. They have at their core the proposition that ‘government failure is generally worse than market failure’, which supports the default policy setting of ‘more free market’ in most countries most of the time. The new crisis‐induced skepticism is good news because the previous confidence rested more on what J. S. Mill called ‘the deep slumber of a settled opinion’ than on a solid empirical base. The present article begins by summarizing some powerful pieces of evidence that challenge core mainstream propositions in the context of developing countries, which have received less attention than they deserve. Having shown why the mainstream prescription for the role of government in development is questionable, the article describes some key points about the nature of industrial policy in East Asia and about the general rationale for a certain kind of industrial policy even where state capacity is relatively weak. The rationale is all the stronger in the world economy after the crisis, when a major surge of innovation around energy, water, nanotechnology and genetics is likely, rendering many existing specializations unviable. The article then presents an argument about the institutional arrangements of a ‘developmental state’ through which national strategies can be formed and implemented. It ends by describing small signs of new flexibility in World Bank and IMF thinking.Policy Implications Liberalizing markets, attracting FDI and promoting good governance are not necessary conditions of long‐term economic growth and development in low‐income countries. In the wake of the global financial crisis and the impending surge of new technologies, the role of industrial policy – promoting some sectors or products ahead of others – should be expanded. Import replacement as well as export orientation are crucial components of a successful industrial policy. Four organizational features are important in a developmental state: (1) an even balance between the state and business groups; (2) a public service mindset among state officials; (3) delivery of patronage resources separately from the economic bureaucracy; and (4) an industrial extension service, with tight limits on its officials’ discretionary control of resources. Developing country governments and firms should be prepared to push back against the shrinking latitude for industrial policy instruments allowed in international trade and investment agreements.

International development management through a Southern lens

AbstractDevelopment Management (DM) has always been seen through the lens of the Global North. Taking its cue from Brinkerhoff and Brinkerhoff's (2010) study on the state of international DM from a Northern perspective, this article provides a complementary perspective from Lebanon in order to spark a North–South debate on the state of DM in terms of its values and institutional agendas and the role of government. The article concludes with a discussion on some implications for policy and practice in Lebanon and the DM more generally, suggesting that the Southern perspective is cautiously more tolerant of politics in development and that the role of government in development should be that of an active partner and facilitator. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Toward a Useful Consensus?

Summary WDR97 provides the basis for creating a reasonable working consensus about the role of government in development. It achieves this not by providing specific policy conclusions on which we can all agree – the Report itself makes few such claims – but rather by providing a language, a perspective, and a set of concepts and concerns that will make it easier for people with divergent views actually to debate and discuss with one another in a productive way. However, the relatively open approach of the Report to a variety of ideas and perspectives does have some adverse consequences. The lack of a strong and clear sense of policy direction may please academics and intellectuals, but will leave policymakers groping for direct advice. And the Report pays very little attention to the ways in which the causes of and remedies for poor governance in developing and transitional countries lie outside their own frontiers, in the international system or in the governments of the rich countries.

Government's Role in Development of Science

Government's Role in Development of Science