Government Regulation Research Articles

Sustainable procurement practices: Balancing compliance, ethics, and cost-effectiveness

Sustainable procurement, the acquisition of goods and services that ensures positive environmental, social, and economic impacts, is essential for contemporary business practices. This paper explores the integration of compliance, ethics, and cost-effectiveness within sustainable procurement. Compliance is governed by regulatory frameworks like ISO 20400 and government regulations, ensuring adherence to sustainability standards. Ethical procurement upholds fairness, transparency, integrity, and human rights principles, positively impacting stakeholders such as suppliers, employees, and communities. Cost-effectiveness in sustainable procurement brings significant economic benefits, including cost savings, efficiency gains, and long-term financial advantages. A holistic approach integrating these elements is crucial for developing a sustainable procurement strategy. Organizations are encouraged to prioritize sustainable procurement by developing clear policies, engaging stakeholders, providing training, managing suppliers effectively, and leveraging technology. The paper concludes that balancing these three aspects fosters trust among stakeholders, enhances brand reputation, and ensures long-term operational efficiency, contributing to broader sustainability goals and driving overall organizational success.

A tripartite evolutionary game study on the governance of online catering riders’ traffic violations from the perspective of collaborative regulation

ABSTRACT In the online catering industry, delivery riders’ traffic violations significantly threaten public transportation safety, inadequately addressed by current regulations from the government and online platforms. This paper proposes a government-led collaborative regulatory mechanism with active platform participation. A tripartite evolutionary game model, including the government, platforms, and riders, evaluates this approach. Findings suggest that collaborative regulation forms when the combined start-up and subsidy costs of government-led regulation are less than the total benefits of collaboration and when the cost difference between active and passive platform participation is less than the total benefit of active participation. Effective regulation occurs when combined penalties for riders’ violations exceed the profit difference between illegal and compliant deliveries. Reducing government regulation start-up costs and increasing penalties and enforcement probabilities can promote compliance among riders. Excessive subsidies to platforms do not effectively control violations, indicating the need for balanced subsidy allocation for optimal regulatory effectiveness.

Rapid aminations of functionalized aryl fluorosulfates in water

Aryl fluorosulfates of varying complexities have been used in amination reactions in water using a new Pd oxidative addition complex (OAC‐1) developed specifically to match the needs of the fine chemicals industry, not only in terms of functional group tolerance, but also reflecting time considerations associated with these important C–N couplings. Also especially noteworthy is that they replace both PFAS‐related triflates and nonaflates, which are today out of favor due to recent government regulations. The new complex based on the BippyPhos ligand is used at low loadings and under aqueous micellar conditions. Moreover, it is easily prepared and stable to long term storage. DFT calculations on the OAC precatalyst compare well with the X‐ray structure of the crystals with π‐complexation to the aromatic system of the ligand and also confirm the NMR data showing a mixture of conformers in solution that differ from the X‐ray structure in rotation of the phenyl and t‐butyl ligand substituents. An extensive variety of coupling partners, including pharmaceutically relevant APIs, readily participate under mild and environmentally responsible reaction conditions.

Rapid aminations of functionalized aryl fluorosulfatesin water.

Aryl fluorosulfates of varying complexities have been used in amination reactions in water using a new Pd oxidative addition complex (OAC-1) developed specifically to match the needs of the fine chemicals industry, not only in terms of functional group tolerance, but also reflecting time considerations associated with these important C-N couplings. Also especially noteworthy is that they replace both PFAS-related triflates and nonaflates, which are today out of favor due to recent government regulations. The new complex based on the BippyPhos ligand is used at low loadings and under aqueous micellar conditions. Moreover, it is easily prepared and stable to long term storage. DFT calculations on the OAC precatalyst compare well with the X-ray structure of the crystals withπ-complexation to the aromatic system of the ligand and also confirm the NMR data showing a mixture of conformers in solution that differ from the X-ray structure in rotation of the phenyl andt-butyl ligand substituents. An extensive variety of coupling partners, including pharmaceutically relevant APIs, readily participate under mild and environmentally responsible reaction conditions.

Charter school reform in Abu Dhabi: policy borrowing, translation and frenemies

ABSTRACT This research investigates the implementation of charter schools in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the effects of this policy change on education workers. Operation by for-profit education management organisations shifts the government policy on UAE national students, changing the education governance of the government system to be more like that of local international schools. This research aimed to understand the reform based on the experiences of charter school administrators, schoolteachers, charter operator managers, and other stakeholders. The main findings relate to policy translation, policy mobilities, and the complexity of the relationship between for-profit school operators and the government regulator. The importance of this research is understanding how a government school system can be subsumed by an entirely private, for-profit education system.

Kedudukan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah dan Madrasah

<p><em>This study explains that in the national education curriculum, the fiqh curriculum is one of the derivatives of the national education goals. The fiqh curriculum becomes a branch of religious science whose supporters achieve national education goals, specifically in the character-building of students. The method used is a qualitative approach through library research so that in analyzing data with literature analysis. In facing an era like this, the teachings of norms are needed for students. So that the learning of fiqh acts as a guide for students in distinguishing a problem, good or bad in terms of religion and socially. Learning of fiqh in schools and madrasahs itself is based on government regulation (PP) number 55 of 2007. The regulation contains religious and religious education which is a derivative of the national education goals. Therefore, this research aims to describe the position of the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum (PAI) in learning Fiqh in the context of the National Curriculum. The legal basis of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in fiqh learning, as well as the learning function of fiqh in schools and madrasas The current and last context is the benefit of fiqh learning for students in responding to social life.</em></p>

Legal Protection of Debtors for Fiduciary Collateral Objects Whose Debts Have Been Paid Off Based on the Fiduciary Guarantee Law and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2015

Fiduciary Guarantee is an accessory agreement that follows the principal agreement it guarantees. If the principal agreement ends, the Fiduciary Guarantee agreement also ends. However, the recording of the encumbrance and granting of the Fiduciary Guarantee contained in the Fiduciary Guarantee Register Book at the Fiduciary Registration Office can be crossed out or deleted (roya) if requested by the Fiduciary Beneficiary (Article 25 paragraph (3) of Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Guarantee). Legal protection is provided in the event of full repayment or repayment of the debt secured by the Fiduciary Guarantee Object. Based on Article 25 paragraph (1) of Law No. 42/1999, this is one of the reasons for fiduciary abolition. The Fiduciary is obliged to notify the abolition of the Fiduciary Guarantee to the Fiduciary Registration Office so that the Fiduciary Guarantee can be removed from the Fiduciary Guarantee Register Book. The nature of the Fiduciary Guarantee depends on the existence of the receivables whose repayment is guaranteed. If the receivables are written off due to debt repayment or disposal, the related Fiduciary Guarantee is automatically deleted. If the Creditor does not perform the deletion, the Debtor may take legal action, either through litigation or non-litigation. An obstacle to legal protection for the Fiduciary is if the Fiduciary does not complete the Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate online. Law No. 42/1999 and its implementing regulation, PP No. 21/2015, do not include sanctions for the Fiduciary or its representative if the Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate is not done. This results in no legal certainty over the object of the Fiduciary Guarantee if the Fiduciary does not perform it, because the object used as collateral remains registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the Fiduciary Guarantee Certificate is still considered valid and cannot be re-registered in accordance with Article 17 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 21 of 2015.

Regulation of Multi-storey Residential Ownership by Foreign Nationals in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Legal Perspective and Islamic Principles

This study analyzes the regulation of multi-storey residential ownership by foreign nationals (WNA) in Indonesia and Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law and principles. The issue requires clear and fair arrangements to protect national interests and local residents' rights. Both countries, with majority Muslim populations, integrate Islamic principles into public policy, including property. Using a comparative study and qualitative analysis, the research examines Indonesia's Government Regulation No. 103 of 2015 and Malaysia's "Malaysia My Second Home" (MM2H) program and strata title regulations. Findings reveal that both countries emphasize social justice and the protection of local citizens' rights in line with Islamic principles. The study concludes that regulations should be refined with Islamic principles to attract foreign investment and protect national interests, focusing on simplifying bureaucracy, increasing transparency, and reviewing property price policies.

Evaluation of Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing of Existing Hotel Structures for Shopping Centre Conversion

Changes in the function of a building will affect the structural loading, which, based on government regulations in building permits, must be reviewed for the feasibility of building functions through structural assessment. This research aims to analyze the condition of the concrete quality of building beams, columns, and slabs that are more than 50 years old. The methods used include non-destructive testing (NDT) and destructive testing (DT) on the structures. From the results of the non-destructive UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity) Test on 20 elements (100 tests) using the PUNDIT tool, the average concrete quality based on BS 1881 and ASTM C597-16 standards was found to be 28.15 MPa for columns, 25.11 MPa for beams, and 25.60 MPa for slabs. The Hammer Test showed an average concrete quality of 27.95 MPa for columns, 31.41 MPa for beams, and 31.20 MPa for slabs. The destructive method using core drilling on 8 structural elements revealed an average concrete quality of 25.58 MPa for columns, 34.61 MPa for beams, and 35.89 MPa for slabs. The hardness test for reinforcing steel indicated an average yield strength of 361 MPa. The compressive strength results of the column structure concrete meet the minimum requirements of 21 MPa for special structure concrete quality based on SNI-2847-2019. It is recommended to recalculate the structure with concrete quality fc' 25 MPa and steel quality fy 360 MPa to identify elements that need structural strengthening.

From structural racism to systemic solutions: racial equity in Brazil's banking industry

The objective of this study is to identify and analyze strategies that can be implemented to promote racial inclusion in the Brazilian banking sector. This study proposes a systematized set of sectoral strategies to reduce racial inequality in the Brazilian banking sector, called "Systemic Strategies for Racial Equity." This integrated, industry-specific approach has not previously been listed in the literature, offering a new perspective on implementing diversity policies, not just at an organizational level, but considering the industry as a whole. The qualitative research uses the case study strategy, focusing specifically on the Brazilian banking sector. Data collection procedures include semi-structured interviews with representatives of banking institutions, regulatory entities, and justice bodies, in addition to the analysis of institutional documents and secondary data. Data analysis follows the methodology of Gioia, Corley, and Hamilton (2013), involving first—and second-order coding to identify emerging themes, culminating in the aggregation of these dimensions into a theoretical model. Three main sectoral strategies were identified: the Legal Compliance Strategy, the Social Pressure Strategy, and the Recognized Excellence Strategy, which form the set of "Systemic Strategies for Racial Equity." Notably, these are not individual business strategies but sectoral ones that must be implemented and led by government institutions, regulators, or society. This study offers a theoretical contribution by proposing a systematized set of sectoral strategies to reduce racial inequality in the Brazilian banking sector. Socially, the research encourages discussion about the need for greater racial equity, highlighting the importance of comprehensive policies beyond isolated company actions.

Analysis Of Business Licensing Facilitation Policy For Msmes

In line with the progression of time, business licensing has also become a focus of the Central Government, especially with the opening of extensive investment opportunities through the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, or the Omnibus Law. The Job Creation Law has led to adjustments in several laws, one of which is in the realm of licensing in Indonesia. One of the changes in licensing is the establishment of Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing, referred to as the Business Licensing Regulation. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of risk-based business licensing policies is carried out by examining Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2021 of the City of Bandung on the Implementation of Business Licensing. The results indicate that the implementation of the OSS RBA-based business licensing policy for MSMEs in Bandung City is maximized in accordance with the theories of Edward and Van Metter Van Horn. The implementation results also align with Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2021 of Bandung City. Each indicator shows results with each implementation of Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2021 carried out by the DPMPTSP of Bandung City. The implementation is in accordance with Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2021 of Bandung City and also aligns with the theories of Edward and Van Metter Van Horn.

The Use of Production Factors and The Allocation of Labor in Plant Nurseries in Sudaji Village, Buleleng Regency

The management of the nursery business in Sudaji Village is expected to be a reference in conducting business in the agricultural sector. The nursery business has a positive impact on business actors and the surrounding community in addition to obtaining optimal profits as well as being able to create employment opportunities for the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the management of plant nurseries through business characteristics, use of production factors, allocation of labor and analysis of business income to see the profits of the nursery business being undertaken. This research was conducted in Sudaji Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency from November 2022 to January 2023 with a total of eight respondents in nursery businesses in Sudaji Village. The analytical method used is quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the plant nursery business in Sudaji Village, it shows that the business is included in the micro business category based on business turnover value, land ownership, number of workers in accordance with Government Regulation no. 7 of 2021 concerning Ease, Protection, and Empowerment of Cooperatives and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (PP UMKM). The allocation of manpower for the plant nursery business in Sudaji Village, Buleleng Regency utilizes the majority of local workers from Sudaji Village and Suwug Village. Suggestions for nursery entrepreneurs are to increase promotion and marketing through the digital market and farmers are expected to be able to take advantage of experience that is already qualified so that they can overcome the development of pests and diseases by starting to direct organic farming and environmentally friendly agriculture.

Has bank digitization facilitated green transformation of enterprises?

Based on measuring the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises based on the sub-dimensions of green strategy and green action, we empirically analyze whether and how bank digitization affects the green transformation of enterprises by using the data of China’s A-share heavily polluting enterprises from 2010 to 2021. The findings show that 1) bank digitization has a significant positive effect on firms’ green transformation; 2) bank digitization promotes firms’ green transformation by alleviating firms’ financing constraints and improving firms’ ESG performance; 3) governmental environmental regulations and media attention positively moderates the relationship between bank digitization and firms’ green transformation; and 4) bank digitization is more likely to promote the green transformation of firms that are highly digitized, non-state-owned firms, and enterprises in the eastern region; 5) the sub-dimension test shows that bank digitization has significant differences on different dimensions of green transformation. The above analysis shows that bank digitization should be deeply integrated with the green transformation of enterprises, and the former should be deeply embedded in supervising, forcing and empowering enterprises to upgrade environmental protection technology and sewage treatment, and the regulator should formulate a more detailed environmental protection disclosure program to realize the consistency “words” and “deeds” of the green transformation of enterprises.

Implementation of Capital Expenditure Accounting Based on Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 at The Manado City Tourism Service

The importance of regional financial management is not only reflected in efforts to achieve administrative efficiency, but is also a reflection of the implementation of the regional economy. This research aims to determine whether the application of capital expenditure accounting at the Manado City Tourism Office is appropriate or not based on Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach utilizing data obtained from documentation and interviews. The research results show that the Manado City Tourism Office has ensured that the assets acquired have a useful life of more than 12 months and are recorded on an accrual basis. The breakdown of capital expenditure into 6 categories and inclusive reporting are also in accordance with established provisions. This shows that the implementation of capital expenditure accounting at the Manado City Tourism Office is in accordance with the criteria set out in PP No. 12 of 2019 and SAP regarding Capital Expenditures in 2022.

The Age of Establishment of the Company after the Enactment of the Job Creation Law

This study examines the conflict of age proficiency norms related to the establishment of the company since the post-enactment of the job creation law. As is known, the establishment of an individual company according to Article 6 paragraph (2) letter A of Government Regulation Number 8 of 2021 can be carried out by Indonesian citizens who are 17 years old and legally competent. The age of establishment of the individual company is clearly not in sync with the age of proficiency norms in the Civil Code. The problem will occur if later the individual company is converted into a Limited Liability Company while the age of its founder has not reached 21 years, while converting an individual company into a Limited Liability Company must be done through an agreement. The research method is carried out in a normative manner, with the approach of legislation, Court decisions, legal concepts and comparisons, using legal materials and analyzed and interpreted comprehensively. The results of this study proficiency in establishing the company the author chose the ideal concept only option. Some countries use the 18-year-old adult age benchmark in some laws using the 18-year-old size and some experts agree that the 18-year-old adult size is thus the size of an 18-year-old adult is an appropriate size for the skills of people related to establishing a company

Optimization of National Zakat Management through the Effectiveness of the Role of Stakeholders of Zakat Management Organizations

This research shows that stakeholders are running the Zakat governance system effectively. There is a contradiction in the role between the regulatory and executive functions of the national zakat management institution. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, which compares ideal conditions with actual conditions through secondary data research, interviews, and group discussions. The data processed are in the form of zakat law documents, government regulations, BAZNAS regulations, zakat acquisition calculation index, data from the central statistics agency, minutes of discussion group forums and confirming interviews with sources of amil zakat, samples using the purposive sampling method by finding samples through snowball sampling techniques. The study results show that reforms need to be carried out immediately on the role of zakat governance stakeholders so that national zakat management is more optimal and effective and, in the end, can provide more comprehensive benefits for the community

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Kenaikan Harga Minyak Goreng Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pelaku Usaha Toko di Kecamatan Sabu Barat Kabupaten Sabu Raijua

The increase in cooking oil as a staple food is certainly detrimental to consumers, especially consumers from the lower middle class, after the problem of scarcity of cooking oil occurred in Indonesia and various policies to adjust the price of cooking oil carried out by the government, provide evidence that the urgency of the price of cooking oil has an impact on society. This research aims to find out and explain the causes of the increase in cooking oil prices carried out by shop entrepreneurs in West Sabu sub-district, Sabu Raijua Regency. The research method used is that this research is included in empirical legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how law works in society, which then uses a research approach, a qualitative type of approach. The research results show that legal protection for consumers can be carried out by resolving disputes in court and outside of court. Every consumer who is harmed can sue business actors through institutions tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general court environment and the government also plays an important role in efforts to protect consumers legally. The form of consumer protection provided is by issuing laws and government regulations, where the implementation of statutory regulations is then carried out by supervising the implementation of these regulationsto be able to socialize it to the public and there is also a need for supervision carried out by the government on business actors.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Kenaikan Harga Minyak Goreng Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pelaku Usaha Toko di Kecamatan Sabu Barat Kabupaten Sabu Raijua

The increase in cooking oil as a staple food is certainly detrimental to consumers, especially consumers from the lower middle class, after the problem of scarcity of cooking oil occurred in Indonesia and various policies to adjust the price of cooking oil carried out by the government, provide evidence that the urgency of the price of cooking oil has an impact on society. This research aims to find out and explain the causes of the increase in cooking oil prices carried out by shop entrepreneurs in West Sabu sub-district, Sabu Raijua Regency. The research method used is that this research is included in empirical legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how law works in society, which then uses a research approach, a qualitative type of approach. The research results show that legal protection for consumers can be carried out by resolving disputes in court and outside of court. Every consumer who is harmed can sue business actors through institutions tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general court environment and the government also plays an important role in efforts to protect consumers legally. The form of consumer protection provided is by issuing laws and government regulations, where the implementation of statutory regulations is then carried out by supervising the implementation of these regulationsto be able to socialize it to the public and there is also a need for supervision carried out by the government on business actors.

Regulating Dominant Platforms: Challenges and Opportunities of Content Moderation on Jio Platforms

Abstract Indian multinational technology company, Jio Platforms with an active subscriber base of 467.6 million (February 2024, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India data) continues to lead the market in India. Digitisation has transformed India’s governance model as deep penetration of telecom and the internet in India has laid the foundation for a digital economy. This article examines the role of self-regulation mechanisms and censorship in India’s dominant platform company Jio Platforms which contributes significantly to changing the paradigm of digital governance, thereby making services seamless, and easily accessible and improving the ease of living and doing business. Facebook’s investment in Jio for a 9.99 percent stake makes it the largest investment for a minority stake by a tech company anywhere in the world. With Jio Platforms and Facebook parent Meta Platforms rolling out a grocery delivery app using Meta’s WhatsApp messaging service, the transnational ties are deepening and expanding, making it imperative to examine the role of self-regulation and censorship in a market that is open, diverse and the largest in a democratic governance structure. This article will examine the key concerns of data sharing and privacy, especially when the central plank of government policy is digitisation. With stricter government regulations for foreign players in the market, there is a distinct focus of the government on boosting Indian companies to capture and control the market. Data collated by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) show India’s overall internet user base grew to around 936.16 million in 2023. Such a diverse and vibrant open market calls for effective regulations and restrictions on privacy, algorithms, deceptive practices, antitrust, financing, and governance. This article aims to investigate the challenges of regulating dominant platforms. It delves deep into understanding and analysing the challenges and opportunities that evolve in regulating Jio Platforms. The study will also inquire whether favourable government policies and national legislation boost the processes of digitisation and whether there is a need for a new regulatory framework laid by the government for platforms to abide by. India has an open market dominated by US multinational firms, such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Content removal and other online censorship efforts are topics of heated debate, in academia and policy circles. This makes it arduous to ensure that data protection and privacy are safeguarded, particularly by dominant platforms such as Jio Platforms which is almost monopolising the Indian market.

The effect of quarantine policy on pollution emission and the usage of private transportation in urban areas

Governmental policies, regulations, and responses to the pandemic can benefit from a better understanding of people's resulting behaviours before, during, and after COVID-19. To avoid the inelasticity and subjectivity of survey datasets, several studies have already used some objective variables like air pollutants to estimate the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the urban transportation system. However, the usage of reactant gases and a narrow time scale might weaken the results somehow. Here, both the objective passenger volume of public transport and the concentration of private traffic emitted black carbon (BC) from 2018 to 2023 were collected/calculated to decipher the potential relationship between public and private traffic during the COVID-19 period. Our results indicated that the commuting patterns of citizens show significant (p < 0.01) different patterns before, during, and after the pandemic. To be specific, public transportation showed a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation with private transportation before the pandemic. This public transportation was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by the outbreaks of COVID-19, showing a significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation with private transportation. Such impacts of the virus and governmental policy would affect the long-term behaviour of individuals and even affect public transportation usage after the pandemic. Our results also indicated that such behaviour was mainly linked to the governmental restriction policy and would soon be neglected after the cancellation of the restriction policy in China.