Government Policies For Education Research Articles

The Diffusion of the Interest in the Academic Disciplines as Predictor for the Philippine Industries

The pressing problem of unemployment and underemployment in the Philippines is viewed to be a product of job mismatch which in turn is a result of the diffusion of the interest in academic disciplines in the country. This interest has become the input to the work force of the Philippine industries. The highly diffusive academic disciplines were identified using time series data from 2008 to 2017 enrollment in eighteen tertiary academic disciplines. The spreading of these academic disciplines was then calculated using the Bass diffusion model. The findings showed that the spread of interest in academic disciplines has the characteristic of the Bass diffusion model. Only four among the top ten highly diffusive academic disciplines matched the current industry demands for jobs, an indication of a job mismatch. The contention of the study is that, as long as the selection of students in a tertiary academic discipline continues to be determined through the Bass diffusion model coupled with unmeaningful government policies in education, the country will always lag in its industrial development.

CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH MATERIALS EVALUATION: LOCALLY, NATIONALLY, AND GLOBALLY

Language teaching materials are very substantial in language teaching and learning process. Therefore, teacher of English should be thoroughly in choosing English materials before the materials used in classroom. This study aims to portray challenges in English materials evaluation. Library research in qualitative used in this study in elaborating challenges in English Material evaluation: Locally, Nationally (Indonesia), and Globally. This research involves a collection of some textbooks, journals, articles, virtual resources and internet access.One of the criteria in local context for language learning must include the target culture and local culture. The debate in using English material has never been whether to prioritize the target culture or local culture. In national context, the challenge that must be faced by teachers is to create a blue line that is in line between the material taught in the classroom and government policies in education or commonly known as the curriculum. Globally, the biggest challenge in evaluating English material is the ability of the evaluators themselves to make decisions. There are many considerations that must be taken into account in taking judgment on an English material. All efforts in evaluating English material are to optimize English learning outcomes for students

DISCOURSE ON RELATIONS BETWEEN INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF HISTORY TEXTBOOK OF 2013 CURRICULUM

Some contentious issues in Indonesian society, particularly in the country's relationship with Australia, which is still common between allies and foes, have promoted this research. This research aims to analyze the discourse of relationship between Indonesia and Australia found in History Textbook for Senior High School in class XI SMA for the 2013 curriculum. Through this research, understanding how to reconstruct relationships in History Textbook for Senior High School in class XI SMA at Semesters 1 and 2 for the 2013 curriculum is still used in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative, which focuses on the analysis of History Textbook for Senior High School in class XI SMA. This analysis will focus on diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia. The design process is carried out using two concepts, namely nationalism and geopolitics. Then, both concepts are represented in three themes: national insight, diplomatic relations, and political interests. Results of research describe that knowledge of nationalism and geopolitics in discourses of national insight, diplomatic relations, and political interests is stated as a product of government policy in education that opposes imperialism and colonialism, namely: Global diversity.

Discretion in education services: Explaining teaching-learning models of learning from home during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze government policies in education during the Covid-19 pandemic and how teachers exercised discretion in dealing with limitations in policy implementation. This research work used the desk review method to obtain data on government policies in the field of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, interviews were conducted to determine the discretion taken in implementing the learning-from-home policy. There were three learning models during the pandemic: face-to-face learning in turns (shifts), online learning, and home visits. Online learning policies did not work well at the pandemic’s beginning due to limited infrastructure and human resources. To overcome various limitations, the government provided internet quota assistance and curriculum adjustments and improved online learning infrastructure. The discretion taken by the teachers in implementing the learning-from-home policy was very dependent on the student’s condition and the availability of the internet network. The practical implication of this research is that street-level bureaucrats need to pay attention to discretionary standards when deciding to provide satisfaction to the people they serve.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENERUAIL ECOSYSTEM AROUND UNIVERSITIES IN THE UK

Research relevance: During the last few decades universities have changed strategies expanding their main mission. They also shift their strategies towards generating third stream income and providing economic effect at regional and national levels as well as impacting society. Within the framework of this research authors showed how the UK government impacted universities to change their mission synchronising it with the needs of economy in order to translate the successful experience for building entrepreneurial ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge similar research have not been done before.
 Research subject: the UK policy on developing entrepreneurial ecosystem via supporting research commercialisation.
 Research object: role of the UK government in building entrepreneurial ecosystem around universities via supporting research commercialisation.
 Research aim: systematisation and analysis of all the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at the UK universities what might become a basis to develop recommendations for building entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.
 Research methodology: description, analysis and synthesis, in-depth interviews, thematic analysis.
 Research results: authors have systematised the initiatives undertaken by UK government to encourage the development of entrepreneurship at British universities on the stages of the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystem. This research has analysed all the initial initiatives taken to encourage developing entrepreneurial universities. This allowed authors to develop recommendations to develop entrepreneurial ecosystem in countries where it still underdeveloped.
 Research results application: research results can be utilised for the elaboration of government policy in education as well as for developing strategic documents for improving the mechanisms for research commercialisation. This research could help countries at the nascent stage of ecosystem development to leverage effectively the UK experience.

ОХОРОНА ПРАВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ В ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

It is shown that the level of development of digital technologies plays a decisive role in the competitiveness of both individual countries and individual regions. Along with the developed countries, the countries of South-East Asia have also become the leaders in the creation and implementation of the ICT. It is justified that the transition to a digital economy is considered as the driving force of innovation-oriented economic growth, provided favorable conditions for the institutional and business environment, the transformation of intellectual property protection systems, and integration to the global value added chains are created. In such chains, the better off companies and countries are those who possess significant resources in the form of intangible assets. The development of digital economy is impossible without creating a “solid analogue foundation”, including a regulatory framework, a strong human capital, and special institutions of electronic governance. The modern trends of the legal relations transformations in the field of intellectual property protection, as well as the structuring of objects and subjects of industrial property rights, copyright and related rights are systematized. It is pointed out that the current tendencies include both strengthening protection of personal non-property (moral) rights of the creators of intellectual property, and further commercialization of property (economic) rights. At the state level, it is necessary to ensure a balance between the protection of copyright and the priority areas of government policy in education, research, innovation, etc. Ukraine is not an active participant in the global value added chains, despite the potential available. The results of analysis of the Global Competitiveness Index components have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of Ukraine, in particular: comparatively high rankings and valuations of intangible assets directly related to digitalization, and, at the same time, dangerously low rankings in the assessment of institutional environment, macroeconomic stability and financial system. The key strategy for increasing Ukraine’s global competitiveness should be country’s “digitalization”, creation of domestic ICT market, and integration to the global value added chains.

Scenarios of a Sustainable E-leadership for Thai Higher Educational Institution Leaders in 2027

Abstract E-leadership has not been thoroughly explored, especially in Thai higher educational institutions. This study was conducted in a scenario planning workshop with 20 participants who were administrators, lecturers, staff members, and stakeholders of both Thai public and private higher educational institutions. The aim of this research was to develop the scenarios for Thai higher educational institution leaders to use E-leadership in 2027. The three scenarios for educational leaders to use E-leadership were developed for future Thai higher educational institutions and were e-leaders and international collaborations; e-leaders, innovation and sustainable environment; and e-leaders and the current situation. The scenarios were developed using STEEP analysis. The social aspect includes the phenomenon of youth called “digital natives”, increased individual learning and society of learning, generation gap, well-educated employees, and an aging society. The technological aspect is acclimatizing to the need of users, advancing technology and innovation, technology being everywhere, and competition within technology development. The economic aspect considers increase in oil prices, investment in university, increasing numbers of cross-institutions, and rapid economic growth in ASEAN. The environmental aspect considers global warming, climate change, and redesigns learning space. Lastly, the political aspect considers government policies in education and improved environmental governance. It does not only benefit higher education, but also schools or any organization that could apply this sustainable education research to develop human resources for the future.

ПРИОРИТЕТЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

ПРИОРИТЕТЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The role of organisational culture, intellectual capital and competitive advantage in supporting the government policies in education

The purpose of this research was to examine and analyse the effect of organisational culture on the intellectual capital and the influence of intellectual capital on competitive advantage in the private universities in Indonesia to support the government policies in education. The research methods applied was the explanatory survey, verification and causal relationship. The samples in this research are 157 private universities, which are obtained using proportional probability sampling technique and power analysis approach. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and questionnaire techniques that have been tested for validity and reliability. The analytical test applied structural equation model (SEM)-LISREL 8.3, through the second-order approach. The result of research concluded that organisational culture had significantly influenced intellectual capital, and the intellectual capital had influenced the competitive advantage.

The role of organisational culture, intellectual capital and competitive advantage in supporting the government policies in education

The role of organisational culture, intellectual capital and competitive advantage in supporting the government policies in education

Growth Mechanism of Private Tutoring Industries and The Spatial Impacts on the Educational Environment in the Metropolitan Seoul Area: Focused on The Interactions among Private Tutoring Industries, Educational Demand and Government Policies for Education

Growth Mechanism of Private Tutoring Industries and The Spatial Impacts on the Educational Environment in the Metropolitan Seoul Area: Focused on The Interactions among Private Tutoring Industries, Educational Demand and Government Policies for Education

HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY STRATEGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW

Human capital theory is a powerful, and yet also viewed as a narrowly conceived, understanding of the benefits of education to individuals and society. For many years since its proper formulation in the early part of 1960, during which time education has been modelled as investment leading to economic growth and development, the theory has informed government policies in education and attracted criticism and generated debate over the tension concerning who benefits from education and how education should be organised and funded. This article reviews the influence of the theory in the education policy strategies of sub-Saharan Africa from the ‘manpower planning’ era, through the ‘rate of return’ era, the ‘endogenous growth and endogenous development’ tenets and the debates over ‘quality versus attainment’. These are all discussed in relation to educational access, expansion, finance and curriculum relevance.

PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO: POLÍTICA DE ESTADO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO

Uma política de Estado para a Educação pela construção do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) passa por avanços e recuos num processo histórico contraditório. Propomos resgatar aspectos do movimento histórico e suas perspectivas para tentar compreender a lógica deste processo, do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Escola Nova, redigido por Fernando de Azevedo em 1932, ao atual Projeto de Lei n. 8035/2010, que ora tramita no Congresso Nacional. A história recente conta com precedentes importantes ao processo atual de discussões, debates para a construção de um novo Plano Nacional de Educação, o qual resultou num documento final da Conferência Nacional de Educação (CONAE/2010). Este trabalho é fruto de um projeto de pesquisa de cunho qualitativo desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, partindo do pressuposto que um projeto de escola não se dissocia de um projeto de Estado que busca compreender os reflexos da Política Educacional nos projetos de educação em unidades escolares. Observamos que o atual Projeto de Lei para o PNE apresenta-se contraditório com as justificativas que o acompanham, bem como com o documento final da CONAE/2010, o qual foi considerado documento referência. Estamos diante de um desafio que é a conquista de um Plano Nacional de Educação como instrumento político que se traduza num projeto de educação de qualidade social, reafirmando a educação como direito público.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i2.2477

The evaluation of the National Partnership Project in England: processes, issues and dilemmas in commissioned evaluation research

This article reviews the processes, issues and dilemmas involved in evaluation research undertaken in the context of changing and evolving government policy in education. The article is grounded in an evaluation of the National Partnership Project (NPP), the team conducted on behalf of England's Teacher Training Agency (TTA) in 2004–2005. It will not present a critique of partnership in England, but will draw on perspectives of partnership to provide some background information to the project. It will also discuss the processes of evaluation research in the context of frameworks from recent and relevant research and will raise issues for future commissioned evaluation research to address.

Human capital theory and the industry training strategy in New Zealand

This paper begins with the assertion that the regime of ‘perpetual training” (Deleuze 1992) will become the new regime and system which now motivates and integrates education and industry in the western world. This notion is located in the national industry training strategy for New Zealand. The first section serves to provide the policy context, focusing on public sector restructuring and the significance of the Employment Contracts Act (1991). The industry training strategy is outlined and described in some detail within the main body of the paper. This strategy is explained in terms of the underlying human capital theory, in particular, with reference to a recent OECD survey of New Zealand's economy and in terms of general workplace reform. The paper then addresses the problems inherent in human capital theory and the way it legitimizes present Government policy in education and training. Human capital theory is the most influential economic theory of education, setting the framework of government poli...

Private versus Public Education: A Classical Economic Dispute

Tiils article examines a remarkable division of opinion among the classical economists concerning the applicability of the free-market principle to education. First I offer a brief description of the school and university situation during the time of Adam Smith. Next I shall examine Smith's preference in his own circumstances for the operation of market forces in providing education. I then sketch the development of government policy in education over the subsequent century showing the roles of J. S. Mill, Nassau Senior, and Edwin Chadwick. Finally I contrast the ideas of Robert Lowe, the last true representative of Adam Smith on education, with the dominant ideas of his contemporaries, Mill, Senior, and Chadwick. Adam Sm-iith's lifetime it was conmmonly observed that both in quality and quantity the schools in Scotland were better than those in England, despite the superior material prosperity of the latter. The main explanation of this was to be found in the contrasting legislation in the two countries rather than in any differences in national character. 1696 an Act of Scotland had ordered schools to be established in every parish and had obliged landlords to build a schoolhouse and a dwelling house for the use of the local master. The salary of this teacher was to come from a small fixed stipend and also from fees payable by pupils or parents. This legislation was so well enforced that by the end of the eighteenth century the majority of children in Scotland were receiving some schooling. Although by that time inflation had substantially reduced the real value of the statutorily fixed part of the masters' salaries, the more efficient ones were managing to survive with incomes deriving largely from fees. Such dependence on direct payments from their customers meant that the teachers' efforts respected more closely the wishes of the pupils and their parents, since teaching incomes conspicuously fluctuated with the numbers on the school register. many cases the teachers allowed their fees to be divided according to the number or type of subjects taught. Special fees were often paid, for instance, to meet the demand for new lessons in modern subjects. This sort of discriminatory pricing developed to such a degree that Robert Lowe observed (approvingly) in the following century: In Scotland they sell education like a grocer sells figs. Legislation in England had a quite differe t result from that in Scotland. The Test Act of 1665, by excluding dissenters from the schools and universities, placed a serious brake upon English education that was to last for over a century. While Catholics and Jews were kept out of the universities, grami.mar-school teachers were restricted by a rigorous system of ecclesiastical licensing. The upshot was that many individuals who were willing to teach were prevented from doing so while those who did were protected against potential competitors. But apart from the legislation, a traditional characteristic of English education was also partly responsible for the reduced competition. This was the typical practice of financing schools and colleges largely from funds bequeathed to theme by propertied benefactors, a system which became known as the process of endowment. The more such institutions were endowed, the more they tended to become divorced from the wishes of the