Changes In Government Policy Research Articles

Occupation-related respiratory diseases among sanitary workers in the workplace: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionEmerging evidence from both developed and developing countries indicates that occupation-related respiratory diseases (ORRD) among sanitary workers constitute a significant public health challenge. These are because of the working environment, where employees are more likely to be at risk in an unsafe workplace, especially sanitary workers. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of ORRD among sanitary workers.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram was used, and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) framework was applied to structure the review questions. Studies published in English from 2000 to 2022 were searched in databases and through other methods. Boolean logic (AND, OR, NOT), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and keywords were used as follows: (Occupational “OR” Job “OR” Work) AND (Respiratory tract diseases “OR” Respiratory tract infections “OR” Respiratory tract symptoms “OR” Respiratory tract problems) AND (Solid waste collectors “OR” Sewage workers “OR” Street sweepers “OR” Waste treatment worker) AND Countries. Stata MP/17 software was used for data analysis. A random effects model and restricted maximum likelihood were applied. A generic precomputed effect size for the prevalence of ORRD was employed at a 95% confidence interval (CI:95%).ResultsA total of 23 studies were included, four from industrialized countries (n = 4) and seven from developing countries (n = 7), out of an initial 123 studies. Among the 4,521 sanitary workers, 1990 (44%), 1,651 (37%), and 880 (19%) were SS, SWCs, and STWs, respectively. Globally, the pooled prevalence of ORRD among all SWs was 32.56% (95%CI: 25.78, 39.34%). Among these, high-income and low-income countries had a prevalence of 20% (95%CI: 18.08%, 0.21.96%) and 35.17% (95%CI: 27.48, 42.76%), respectively. In the SS and SWC groups, the prevalence was 36.41% (95%CI: 26.69%) and 31.28% (95%CI, 18.64, 43.92%), respectively.ConclusionThe current systematic review and meta-analysis found that ORRD were common among the SWs. Due to numerous risk factors, these illnesses are more prevalent in low-income countries than in industrialized ones. Therefore, to reduce these risks for these groups—especially for street sweepers in low-income countries—government policy changes and other preventive measures are required.

OS ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS DA PRODUÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE AUTOMÓVEIS NO BRASIL

The study addresses the legal aspects of automobile production and commercialization in Brazil, focusing on legislation and its impact on the automotive market. The main objective is to analyze how manufacturers navigate the challenges imposed by Brazilian laws related to their industry and taxation on vehicle sales and usage, particularly in a scenario of policies promoting national production and fiscal regulations. A deductive methodology is employed, incorporating bibliographic research and document analysis, to understand the evolution of legislation and the adaptation of companies. The main findings reveal that manufacturers adopt innovation and strategic partnerships to remain competitive despite the complexity of the tax system and frequent changes in government policies. The study highlights the importance of the topic for the Brazilian economy, emphasizing the need for tax reform to simplify regulations and foster a more favorable environment for competition and sustainable development in the automotive sector.

Cultural Transformation and Occupational Shifts among the Gujjar Tribe: An Analytical Study

The study explores the cultural transformation and occupational shifts among the Gujjar tribe in Rajouri District, Jammu and Kashmir. Historically pastoralists, the Gujjars have transitioned into new economic activities due to modernization, urbanization, and changing government policies. Educational advancements and emerging economic opportunities have led many within the tribe to diversify beyond livestock rearing into fields like agriculture, business, and public service. These shifts have redefined family structures, gender roles, and community dynamics, with women increasingly participating in the workforce. But, challenges such as cultural dislocation and loss of land rights persist. The study, based on qualitative research, highlights the complexities of adapting to modernity while preserving cultural identity, offering insights into how the Gujjars navigate the tension between tradition and modern change. The findings underscore the importance of sustainable development strategies that respect both cultural heritage and economic progress.

The Perspectives of Community Pharmacists Toward the Name-Based Rationing System During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

In Taiwan's public health system, community-based pharmacists are key first-line health care providers due to their high accessibility. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmacists played a central role in the distribution of these supplies through the Name-Based Rationing System (NBRS), during an acute shortage of masks and testing kits, that helped reduce the spread of the disease. The NBRS, an innovative government-guided strategy developed after the COVID-19 outbreak, provided equitable and convenient access to masks and COVID-19 test kits. This study aimed to investigate (1) Taiwanese pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of COVID-19, with the intention to assess their preparedness for public health emergencies and their capabilities to implement COVID-19-related policies effectively; (2) their perspectives toward the NBRS; and (3) the association between individual's KAP and corresponding perspectives toward the NBRS. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in 2 major cities in Taiwan, from June 18 to September 11, 2022, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To gauge community pharmacists' KAP, a 66-question instrument was developed using guidelines from the Taiwanese Centers for Disease Control, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, and the Taiwanese Pharmacist Association. The instrument's internal consistency reliability was ascertained using Cronbach α (0.819), and its content validity was verified by field experts. Overall, 343 Taiwanese community pharmacists were recruited in the study. Among them, 88% (303/343) scored high on knowledge domain questions related to SARS-CoV-2; 58% (201/343) and 39% (136/343) held positive and neutral attitudes toward COVID-19-related policies, respectively; and 77% (266/343) practiced infectious disease prevention measures in compliance with official guidelines. The results demonstrated a high level of competency in pharmacists in a public health crisis. It revealed that factors including age, pharmacy characteristics, and the number of customers were associated with their perceptions and willingness to continuously participate in the NBRS. Overall, the community pharmacists showed greater support for the COVID-19-testing NBRS compared with the mask NBRS, because of the more favorable influence on the revenue and workforce of the pharmacies and the well-being of the pharmacists. Responses also highlighted concerns about rapid government policy changes and supply dynamics, underscoring the importance of effective communication and considering supply availability in facilitating a successful NBRS. The strong KAP of the community pharmacists justified the government leveraging their expertise in Taiwan's COVID-19 response. While community pharmacies have proven to be essential distribution centers through the NBRS, improving community connections, communication with the government, and supply management are recommended to strengthen the system. These potential approaches aim to ensure successful NBRS implementation and better preparedness for future public health emergencies. Overall, pharmacists have demonstrated their integral role in achieving equitable outcomes and their dedication to public health efforts during crises.

Peran External Relation PT KCI Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Corporate Image

The role of PT KCI's External Relations in efforts to improve its Corporate Image is important to provide a positive view of the public. This cannot be separated from how External Public Relations carries out its role with a managerial concept. This research aims to analyze the role of PT KCI's external public relations. This research uses the concept of Managerial roles. This research method uses qualitative methods, the data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research found the role of External Relations in improving corporate image with expert communication experts, problem-solving process facilitators, communication facilitators and communication technicians. And the obstacles include internal and external obstacles, including operational problems, crisis communication, public and media perceptions, technological challenges, internal challenges, changes in government policy and social issues. The results of this analysis provide insight into the dynamics of the role of PT KCI's external public relations in efforts to improve its corporate image.

Evaluation of the impact of security perception on the structural changes of MSEs through system dynamics

Micro and Small businesses (MSEs) face several challenges to survive in the market, some of these challenges are related to security matters which are the subject of this article. In Mexico MSEs are victims of crimes such as extortion, theft, and assaults, among others; this situation leads them to spend their economic resources to make structural changes to be able to continue with their commercial activities. This article is based on a survey conducted on 370 MSEs in the central region of the state of Veracruz in Mexico; the present study aims to evaluate the impact of structural changes made by businesspeople in their perception of business security. In this way, the decision-making process of MSEs facing insecurity is statistically analyzed through a simulation model considering the system dynamics methodology. To evaluate this phenomenon, we have identified four main subsystems: 1) Crime, 2) Security Perception, 3) Structural Changes, and 4) Government Policy Changes; at the same time three hypothetical scenarios were simulated: 1) Reduction in crimes committed against MSEs, 2) Government changes in public infrastructure, and 3) the combination of the previous two. The approach allows us to identify that companies make structural changes based on the events around them, rather than on the crimes that they suffer, making abrupt or precipitated decisions. Therefore, we have identified that it is not only necessary to eliminate crimes, but also to work with government strategies that allow MSEs owners and staff to improve their perception of security. This simulation model can be replicated to evaluate the implementation of security policies in other regions with high insecurity rates.

Air travellers’ attitudes towards carbon emissions: evidence from the Google Flights interface

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the aviation industry is a formidable challenge. Understanding airline travellers’ willingness to pay for emission reductions could lead to impactful changes in flight pricing and government policies. In this study, we employ a discrete choice experiment to more accurately gauge this willingness to pay. The experiment features a comprehensive analysis of both leisure and business traveller categories, utilising a realistic interface mirroring Google Flights for journeys between Los Angeles and New York. The findings demonstrate that, on average, business flyers exhibit a significantly higher willingness to pay for emission reductions compared to leisure flyers. Notably, a subset of emissions conscious leisure flyers also exhibits a markedly higher willingness to pay. Latent class modelling indicates that this emissions conscious group accounts for about 42% of the leisure flyer sample. The larger group of price focused leisure flyers does not display any significant willingness to pay for emission reduction. Another key finding is that ethical consumption behaviour, not just stronger perceptions related to climate change, is linked to emissions-reducing preferences among both types of flyers. These results provide valuable insights for policy and pricing strategies, emphasising the heterogeneity across and within the business and leisure flyer segments.

Price transmission relationships in Taiwan seafood supply chain: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos)

Tilapia and milkfish are aquaculture species associated with the highest production volume in Taiwan. With both fish species as the research focus, this study explored their price transmission relationships along the seafood supply chain. Our study results revealed that tilapia and milkfish prices had a long-run equilibrium relationship at different stages of the seafood supply chain and presented inconsistent price transmissions in the short run. There are domestic and foreign market channels for tilapia, enabling producers and wholesalers to transmit prices to retailers. By contrast, milkfish are mostly supplied to domestic markets, there is not perfect price transmission in the milkfish supply chain besides between farmers and wholesalers. An accurate price forecasting model can effectively indicate future price volatility and predict seafood prices, especially following government policy changes or in the face of external impacts. Such model can also serve as a crucial reference for future research of tilapia and milkfish industry, producers, and aquaculture farmers. Finally, seafood prices are a key determinant of fisheries and supply chain sustainability. Therefore, the stability of seafood prices, fish market wholesale pricing, and retail pricing are issues meriting continuous attention for a sustainable seafood supply chain.

Investigating and evaluating the impact of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 response measures on construction projects in Iraq

Abstract. At the end of 2019, the whole world was exposed to a major health crisis, which the Coronavirus, which went out of the control of all countries, including Iraq, The negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic continues to this day on the construction industry sector in Iraq. This research aims to study and find the most common risk factors for the Coronavirus crisis and analyze them using the descriptive analysis method (HEAT MAP), in addition to identifying, analyzing and evaluating response procedures after Covid-19 by finding the relative importance index (RII). The factors of the Covid-19 crisis were extracted and the most common different response procedures were found from the archives of (24) completed construction projects in the projects of the University of Kufa, Karbala and Babylon. The current practice and the possibility of occurrence of risk factors, their severity and the possibility of their occurrence were diagnosed by conducting interviews accompanied by an open questionnaire with (15) Iraqi experts concerned with construction project management and then directing a detailed closed questionnaire to (140) others. All the results obtained were subjected to statistical tests to verify their validity, and the results showed the presence of (37) factors related to the Coronavirus, with the identification of their characteristics and the most affected project objectives, as well as the most affected contracting parties. When using the (HEAT MAP) method, it was found that the group of political risk factors is dominant and that the most harmful factors are the curfew and changes in the current government policies followed to combat the epidemic, curfew decisions and changes in the current government policies followed to combat the epidemic, political division, conflicting decisions, and the absence of plans and preparation for such crises. The delay in state funding for funded projects in the Middle Euphrates due to strict measures in the Middle Euphrates by the government that has existing projects was the most harmful. When applying (RII) to find the most important response measures, it was holding regular working sessions to discuss COVID-19 policies and response mechanisms, imposing a state of emergency due to the Corona virus as a force majeure, and finally cooperating with regulatory bodies to facilitate policy changes as well as enhancing scientific advice. Through this study, the project reached many conclusions and recommendations that would reduce or mitigate the impact of the Corona pandemic or any future events on the objectives of any construction project.

Reducing Disposable Diaper Waste: Protocol for a Behavioural Science Workstream

Disposable diapers contribute to the generation of plastic waste globally, with more than 8 million tonnes of diapers ending up in landfills or incinerated each year. One strategy for reducing this waste while maintaining child and parent health and well-being is to increase reusable diaper use and reduce delays in toilet training. We outline a protocol for applying behavioural science to understand the factors influencing these behaviours and to generate intervention recommendations. The research will be conducted in two stages. Stage 1 involves semi-structured interviews and surveys, guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, to explore factors influencing reusable diaper use and toilet training at 18–30 months. Data will be analyzed using quantitative (regression and ANOVA) and qualitative (deductive and inductive) methods. Stage 2 involves triangulating findings to identify key barriers and enablers. Intervention frameworks (Behaviour Change Wheel and BCT Taxonomy) will help identify potential behaviour change intervention strategies to target key barriers and enablers identified within COM-B domains. Interventions will be presented to multidisciplinary stakeholders and nominal group technique process will be used to agree on the most promising, feasible, and acceptable options for development and piloting. The findings will help generate recommendations for supporting UK government policy and practice change in this area.

Pengaruh Demografi dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Jepang Terhadap Depopulasi Negara Jepang Selama 2 Dekade Terakhir

Depopulation is an event of a continuous decline in population over time in an area. This research starts from the discovery of problems in the phenomenon of depopulation in Japan, among the causes are demographic factors and Japanese government policies. Because of this, research was conducted with the aim of finding the causes of depopulation of Japan from the analysis of demographics and Japanese government policies in the past 2 decades. The method used is data collection by finding data sources and comparing data from various sources such as news media, statistics, and existing research. The results show how demographic changes occur and government policies towards these changes. To determine its impact on the current depopulation phenomenon in Japan. Through research on demographic change and Japanese government policy, it can be concluded that demographic change does not always have a negative impact but can also have a positive impact both in terms of population parameters and other aspects.

ARE FUND MANAGERS SKILLED OR IS IT SIMPLY LUCK? A CASE OF ENERGY MUTUAL FUNDS

Fund managers often tout that the performance of the funds they manage is due to their wisdom and management skills. The success in convincing the investors to this notion enables them to claim a higher salary and perks for themselves and charge a hefty or premium fee from the investors for the company they work for. However, changes in government policies, as well as in domestic and international market conditions, often influence the performance of the funds they manage. Suppose investors are not aware of this phenomenon. In that case, they may end up unnecessarily paying a hefty fee to the fund managers and investing in the wrong stock or mutual fund thereby suffering a loss in terms of the return on investment and capital loss. So, the investors must know whether the performance of any funds is due to the wisdom or skills of the fund managers or simply due to some exogenous factors beyond their control, which, in this study, we call luck. In this study, we apply the so-called Fama and French's bootstrap simulation method to determine whether the observed value of alpha – a measure of the fund’s performance – is due to fund managers’ skill or simply luck using data on monthly returns of the fifteen Equity Energy mutual funds from January 2024 through June 2019. This method involves computing a distribution of t(alpha) estimates of actual fund returns and comparing it to the performance of a cloned population of lucky funds with their true alphas set to zero. If actual funds produce higher values of t (alpha)s than the cloned population of lucky funds, then fund managers do have the skill. This distinction between skill and luck is crucial, as funds can do well or poorly by luck. Our study shows that funds can produce extreme alpha values just by luck, even if the fund's true alpha is zero. This implies that long-term investors are better off holding market portfolio ETFs and earning market return rather than paying more in fees and overall costs in attempts to beat the market. JEL classification: G1

INTRODUCTION OF THE MILITARY-DISTRICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON BELARUSIAN LANDS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1850s – EARLY 1860s

This article examines a wide range of issues related to the specifics of the preparation and implementation of military reform in the Belarusian lands. The work identifies the main directions of activity of military department officials to develop options for improving the military command and control system. During the research, an in-depth analysis of the reasons that led to changes in government policy in the field of military control in the region was carried out. In chronological order, through the prism of normative legal acts, the processes of formation and legislative registration of district management institutions in the region are shown. Factors that had a negative impact on the formation of the district management structure were identified. The organizational measures of the War Ministry aimed at improving the structure of the Vilna Military District are shown. It is noted that the implementation of measures to create a military district system on Belarusian lands in the early 1860s. was carried out in a difficult international and socio-political situation associated with the consequences of the Crimean War and anti-government protests. Extraordinary circum-stances determined the repressive and punitive nature of its structure and powers. At the same time, along with general features, in the process of forming the Vilna Military District, local features emerged that reflected the level of military threats in the region. The results and conclusions of the study can be used in the preparation of textbooks, lectures and special courses on national and military history for students and cadets of higher educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus.

Evaluasi Kinerja Keuangan PT PLN (Persero) dalam Satu Dekade: Pendekatan Deskriptif dan Naratif

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the financial performance of PT PLN (Persero) over the last decade. This study identifies the trends, changes, and factors affecting companies’ financial performance. Research methodology: The methodological approach used in this research was descriptive and narrative. The financial data of PT PLN (Persero) are collected from annual reports, financial statements, and other secondary data sources. Results: This study found that the financial performance of PT PLN (Persero) showed significant variation over the past decade. While there were improvements in some financial ratios, there were also periods of decline caused by internal and external factors, such as regulatory changes, fuel price fluctuations, and government policy changes. These findings indicate the need for more adaptive and innovative management strategies to improve future financial performance. Limitations: This study has several limitations, including the limitation of data covering only one decade and reliance on secondary data that may not accurately reflect the current conditions. Additionally, this research focuses only on financial aspects and does not cover non-financial factors that may affect the performance of PT PLN (Persero). Contribution: This study contributes to the literature on the evaluation of the financial performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia, particularly in the energy sector. The findings of this study can be used in the management of PTPLN (Persero) to improve financial and operational strategies.

Expressways and policy choices of local governments

We examine how intercity road connection affects the policy choices of local governments, using the construction of China’s national expressway as a natural experiment. We show that peripheral counties reduced the level of spending and changed the spending composition since the expressway connection. They became less involved in spending competition, increased the effective tax rate on private firms, and slowed down the privatization of state-owned firms. These results are consistent with the view that mobile capital tends to relocate from peripheral areas to core regions with a lower trade cost. We further show that such changes in government policies contribute significantly to the output decline in these regions after the expressway connection.

A Risky Business? Climate Change and Meat Reduction in Aotearoa New Zealand. A Media Framing Analysis

ABSTRACT The reduction of red meat in high-income countries is an impactful climate action and necessary to balance the projected growth of meat consumption in middle-income countries. Aotearoa New Zealand (herein Aotearoa) is a high-income country with elevated per capita greenhouse gas emissions. This research presents a media framing analysis of 58 news media stories on meat reduction as a climate action. It illuminates how arguments are constructed rhetorically and debates about meat reduction made convincing. Within Aotearoa media, a “risk” frame has been adopted for both pro meat reduction and anti-meat reduction positions. Arguments favoring reduction considered the risks of meat consumption to both human health and ecological systems. Arguments against meat reduction focused on risks to humans, relying on nutritional science to support claims. Both positions emphasized individual action and responsibility, presenting dietary “choice” as the foremost way to manage risk. In doing so, structural changes such as government policy change or food regulation were de-emphasized.

Influence of Political Stability on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of political stability on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that political stability significantly influences foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, as investors seek environments where their investments are secure and can yield predictable returns. Stable political conditions reduce risks related to government policy changes, expropriation, and civil unrest, thereby attracting more FDI. Conversely, political instability, marked by frequent government changes, corruption, and social unrest, deters investors due to increased uncertainty and risk. Studies have shown that countries with stable political climates tend to receive higher FDI inflows as they offer a safer, more predictable investment environment. Additionally, strong institutions and good governance practices further enhance investor confidence, leading to sustained economic growth through increased foreign investment. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, risk theory and eclectic paradigm may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of political stability on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Nigeria. In practical terms, businesses and investors should focus on strengthening political institutions to create a stable and predictable environment. Policymakers play a crucial role in creating an environment conducive to FDI by prioritizing the implementation of political reforms that enhance stability. Ensuring free and fair elections, protecting civil liberties, and promoting effective governance structures are vital steps in this direction.

In-depth Analysis of Business Risks in the Cattle Livestock Industry: Comprehensive Literature Review

Cattle farming is a vital sector in the livestock industry, but it is also faced with various complex business risks. This literature review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the risks associated with cattle farming. Through a thorough analysis of various literature sources, we explore the main aspects that influence risk in the cattle industry, including external factors such as fluctuations in feed prices, changes in government policies, and market uncertainty, as well as internal factors such as livestock health, financial management, and operational efficiency. By thoroughly understanding these risks, cattle farmers can develop effective mitigation strategies to increase the resilience of their business amidst the challenges facing the cattle farming industry.

Agricultural policy and crop location: Long‐run output and spatial climate risk consequences

AbstractChoices by farmers—notably what crop to grow, where—are not only influenced by spatially sensitive environmental attributes but also economic factors that respond to changes in government policies. In South Africa, the policy stance toward agriculture swung toward an extended period of support spanning the middle of the 20th century. Subsequently, the agricultural support policies were eliminated in the post‐Apartheid period beginning in the 1990s. Using a purpose‐built, spatially explicit data set for South African agriculture spanning the period 1918–2015, we show these structural shifts in agricultural policy regimes concord with major shifts in national corn price trends and variability, and the area planted to corn (accounting for half the country's cropped area). More subtly, and much less studied, we reveal that these switching policy regimes also aligned with changes in the location of crop production, with pronounced consequences for crop output and climate risk. At its peak, policy‐aligned crop movement in South Africa reduced corn output by between 7.9% and 15.3%, and placed production in areas with reduced and riskier rainfall patterns. Upon removal of the policy distortions, the decline in total corn area continued, and the crop largely reverted to its predistorted, less climate‐risky geographical locations. The geographical sensitivities of the agricultural policy–production–climate risk nexus we reveal suggest these locational aspects deserve more concerted analytical and policy design attention, especially in light of the longer run, spatially sensitive production and food security risk implications of the changing climate realities facing agriculture the world over.

PECULIARITIES OF CREDIT BEHAVIOUR OF THE POPULATION DURING THE WAR

This article focuses on the peculiarities of the credit behaviour of the population during the war. In times of instability, financial issues are particularly acute among the population, which in turn attracts the attention of researchers and the public to address this issue. In the article, the author focuses on the consequences of the impact of the military conflict on the life of the population, the level of optimism and stability of the economic situation, which generally affects the credit behaviour of the population. The features of the credit behaviour of the population in wartime are determined. In particular, credit behaviour is considered as one of the types of financial behaviour of the population aimed at temporary borrowing of external funds to meet personal needs. Credit behaviour in wartime depends on the financial stability of the population. The article shows the relationship between labour employment and credit behaviour of the population, as the number of jobs decreases and the number of job seekers increases. The author notes that declining incomes, unemployment and inflation lead to problems with loan repayment. Late repayment of loans has negative consequences for both credit service providers and borrowers. Indeed, in times of instability, the issue of compliance with previously assumed obligations becomes particularly acute. Economic instability, changes in exchange rates, socio-economic conditions, government policies and personal capabilities of each citizen, and asset impairment can pose a risk to borrowers and lenders. The article presents an analysis of credit behaviour during the war, which allows us to outline the prospects for economic modernisation of Ukraine and improve our understanding of this topic, since the development of practical approaches to understanding credit behaviour will contribute to the development of an effective policy of modernisation of Ukraine, generating new insights into the directions and pace of the dynamics of modernity in general.