Government Of Gujarat Research Articles

Assessing the knowledge and attitude regarding bruxism among the dental interns of various dental colleges of Gujarat: An electronic cross-sectional survey

Background: The most commonly observed habit in growing children is grinding or clenching of teeth termed bruxism which occurs during daytime or sleep. Typical indications range from dental damage, pulpal sensitivity, movement of teeth, pain from fragmented restorations, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, masseter hyperactivity, and temporal migraines. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding bruxism among the interns in government and private dental colleges of Gujarat through a questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A structured 15-set questionnaire was fabricated for assessment. Questions about the knowledge of causes, characteristics, and management of bruxism and the attitude toward treatment modalities were assessed for the interns. This questionnaire was distributed among various government and private dental college interns obtained through personal contact. Results: Almost 50% of participants knew the characteristic symptoms associated with bruxism. Almost two-thirds of the population identified the most appropriate treatment modalities for dental management of bruxism. There was a slight variance in the attitude toward approaching characteristics of patients with bruxism. Conclusion: The study was able to assess the knowledge and attitude toward bruxism among the interns completing their internship from dental streams of the colleges and also able to identify the areas to be addressed for improving the standards of bruxism education among the interns at their crucial juncture of moving out to the community and society as health-care providers. However, more widespread education tools are required to educate the dental interns.

Impact of developing and implementing nonconformance management system at clinical biochemistry laboratory section of tertiary care hospital run by Government of Gujarat, India

In the era of evidence based medicine, laboratories are in implied need of providing quality services to their stakeholders. Development and implementation of NMS is the most important for laboratory preparing for accreditation. The aim of the study is to supplement the knowledge and to provide guidance about development of NMS in accordance with the accreditation requirements. The study was conducted at clinical biochemistry section of NCHSLS, Gujarat, India. Total of 85 NCs retrieved from the nonconformance record for the period of Oct 2011 to Sep 2013. They were analyzed for sources. Analysis was done to know whether they belong to management or technical requirements. Frequency and percentage-wise analysis of NCs related to various procedures of total testing process was also done and RCA for some of the NCs were done using 5 why’s or Fish bone technique.Majority of NCs are related to IQC (60%), External audit (14%) and EQAS (12%).Major NCs occurred in analytical and post analytical procedures and were related to the technical requirements (87%) pertaining to laboratory equipment (35%) and quality of examination procedures (20%).Development and implementation of NMS, is very useful for identification, record and RCA of NCs. NMS, helps to identify the area of QMS in need of attention as well suggest the corrective and preventive actions. It guides, decision making for developing a robust QMS system. Moreover, correct method of RCA is important in comprehensive evaluation of cause and prevention of the NCs.

A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC STATUS ON THE OPINION OF BENEFICIARY CANDIDATES OF THE SCHEME OF DEVELOPING HIGH QUALITY RESEARCH ABOUT THE SCHEME BENEFITS

Continuous improvement and evolution in various fields are crucial to ensure a better living environment for everyone. To achieve this,researchers have a significant responsibility to produce valuable research in concerned areas.However, dedicated researchers often face various obstacles, such as financial stress, which can hinder their ability to conduct research. To support Ph.D. scholars, many central and state government funding agencies offer financial assistance schemes.In this regard,the Government of Gujarat has initiated a scheme called SHODH – ScHeme Of Developing High quality research to provide financial support to Ph.D. scholars from recognized universities/institutes of the state to produce quality research in various disciplines. However,it is essential to understand the impact of the scheme's benefits from the perspective of the beneficiary candidates, especially those belonging to different economic statuses. Therefore, a study has been conducted to explore the opinions of beneficiary candidates of the SHODH scheme about the scheme's selected aspects and whether their opinions differ based on their economic status. The study adopts a causal-comparative research method to gain insight into the requirements of research scholars belonging to different economic statuses. This information will enable better facilitation of scholars to produce meaningful research in their respective fields

Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Day Care Settings: Findings from Innovative Public Private Partnership at Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat

Introduction: Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health concern that is linked to a high mortality rate in children under the age of five. Government of Gujarat has expanded treatment network from government facilities to private institutions and non-governmental organizations through various initiative in an effort to address the issue of SAM. Objective: To assess the treatment outcome among SAM children (0-5 years) admitted at Niramay Bal Poshan Kendra, Jam Khambhalia, Devbhumi Dwarka District of Gujarat. Method: A longitudinal study was conducted among SAM children admitted at The Niramay Bal Poshan Kendra (Public Private Partnership model under Bal Poshan Yojana) which is a day care center providing treatment to SAM children for 14 days according to the protocol of NRC (Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre). Under Bal Poshan Yojana, RBSK medical officers screened children for SAM and referred them for treatment at empanelled NGO/Private institution. Total 1557 under five children were screened by them between 6th September 2021 and 5th February 2022. Out of them 121 SAM children were identified, 95 children could be mobilized at the study site (Niramay Bal Poshan Kendra). Out of 95 children, 76 SAM children completed the treatment along with all three follow up at the study site. The data of these 76 Children was analyzed. Results: Among 76 children, average weight gain was 566 grams at the time of discharge and 1000 grams at the time of third follow-up. An average weight gain for the cohort is 5.2 gram/kg/day. At the end of treatment, 92% children moved out of the SAM category at the completion of three follow-up, 55% moved to Moderate Acute Malnutrition and 37% to normal weight category. Conclusion: An average weight gain among the study population was satisfactory. Day care treatment model provides advantage of improved treatment completion rate and higher follow-up completion. Similar models of SAM treatment can help in effectively tackling menace of malnutrition in Gujarat.

A Study to Assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module regarding awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people of selected area of Mehsana city

Introduction: Suicide is an act of taking once own life voluntarily. The word suicide is derived from two Latin words Sui meaning self and “cedere” meaning to kill oneself. Hence suicide is an act of willfully ending one’s own life. Suicide is a type of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and is defined as a human act of self-intentioned and self – inflected cessation (death). Most often it ends with a fatal outcome. Removing suicide from the category of sin and crime, it was considered a psychiatric illness only from 19th century. Suicide was not discovered to be disease, it was declared to be one” (vilza veith, 1969).1 Due to lack of awareness and stigma attached with mental health issue, people do not come forward for treatment. GVK EMRI in partnership with Government of Gujarat launched suicide prevention helpline 104. Linkage to support group for reducing cause of depression.2 Design: A quantitative approach using quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. Participants: 100 people were selected using Probability flip coin sampling technique in Mehsana city. Interventions: Self- instructional module was given to the people. Tool: Self-Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the level of Knowledge among people. Results: With regard to pre test level of knowledge it shows that, maximum 57(57%) participants were having poor knowledge, 43(43%). During post-test maximum 62(62%) of participants were having good knowledge and remaining 38(38%) of participants were had average knowledge. In pre test, participants mean was 8.08, median with standard deviation 4.679. In post test, participants mean was 18.31 with standard deviation 4.388. The calculated ‘t’ value (15.959) was greater than the table value (1.98) at 0.05 level of significance. The Self- instructional module was effective in increasing the awareness of suicide prevention helpline number among people. Chi-square test is used to associate the level of awareness of pre-test with their selected demographic variable. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that self- instructional module helps in improving awareness regarding suicide prevention helpline number among people.

Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition (POSHAN) on Wheels as a Drive Towards Combating Malnutrition Among Children in Coastal Gujarat.

Background Gujarat, India, is home to severe acute malnutrition. Wasting in children is associated with a higher risk of death if not treated properly. The present study identified children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). It provided energy-dense nutrition supplement (EDNS) during the rising cases ofCOVID-19 to treat them as per the guidelines of the government of Gujarat in Devbhumi Dwarka District of Gujarat State, India. Methods A descriptive research design was used in the study. Children were screened by a Nutrition Assistant in the presence of an Anganwadi Worker (AWW), Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)/Community Health Officer (CHO) at Anganwadi Centre or the Child's home using weight/length Z score <-3 standard deviations (SDs) or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <11.5 and identified severe acute malnourished children were provided EDNS (WHO composition) for a period of seven days initially for a starting period as per the child's body weight then followed up to eight weeks. Data was entered on the spot in a Google sheet, which nutrition assistants maintained. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results The study revealed that 23% of children were considered in the SAM category, followed by 21% in the Bhanvad block and 24% in the Dwarka block. For the Bhanvad block, 40% of the children were treated normally with a maximum weight gain of 1 to 2 kgs (63%). Similarly, for the Dwarka block, 29% of children were treated normally with a weight gain of 1 to 2 kgs (64%). Conclusions The study identified children with SAM and provided EDNS for eight weeks. To strengthen the program, the engagement of frontline functionaries of government should be increased, which plays an active role in the community and can be a bridge to the community. As in the community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are responsible for reaching out the ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) to the mothers, weighing of children is done jointly by AWWs and ASHAs on a weekly basis, as well as counselling of the mothers on care and feeding practices and hygiene, and therefore every ASHA receives an incentive of Rs. 25 per child per week to monitor the progress of the child, reach out the therapeutic food, and counsel the mother. This system should be linked with Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition (POSHAN) on wheels program.

AN ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL SEVA SETU – AN INITIATIVE TOWARDS DIGITAL GOVERNANCE

The Government of Gujarat does so many revolutionary changes in its governance. The government has made its first E- Governance policy for the years 2014-2019. In the same policy document they have visualized the future of governance structure. As a part of good governance initiative the Gujarat government has launched Seva Setu programme in various phases to provide all necessary document at the door step of people. The government started to organize a camp of Seva Setu at rural area where people come with their various queries and government officials where solving their queries on the spot without any delay. This gesture of government of Gujarat was appreciated because queries of common people were solved on the same day without delay. In this pro people governance initiative the government has put one more step ahead where they launched Digital Seva Setu. Government of Gujarat is always tried to provide best facilities and hazel free life to their citizens. To bring digital change in the infrastructure of the Government and governance, the state has launched new digital scheme named as Digital Seva Setu. Gujarat is the first state to launch such kind of scheme in among other states of India. Due to this scheme the domicile of Gujarat has started to get benefit of various public welfare schemes on their fingers. 14037 Gram Panchayats are using this portal to provide various facilities started by concern authorities. There are total 312 services provided by 11 different department. In this paper the researcher has tried to find out the effectiveness of Digital Governance system. The government of Gujarat has launched the Digital Seva Setu dashboard to keep the track of various complaints and its disposal. The researcher has tried to analyze the data provided and tried to understand that on what services the government is still lacking behind.

PERIODIC ASSESSMENT TEST: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND POLICY SUGGESTIONS

This study was designed to investigate Periodic assessment test introduced by Government of Gujarat. It was explicitly focused on the critical analysis of implementation of PAT. For critical analysis opinion from teaches wer collected. In this way Survey research design was adopted. To give direction to this study research questions were designed. To get answers to the research questions data was collected from 527 schools teaches. To collect data opinionnaire was constructed. Data was analyzed through chi square test. The statements which are significant at 0.05 level was selected for the interpretation of the results. To get conclusion statements were clubbed by component of the opinionnaire. It was found that there are some positive feedbacks and there are some suggestions too. At the end of the paper on the basis of the opinions some policy inputs were also suggested

Development-aligned mangrove conservation strategy for enhanced blue economy: A successful model from Gujarat, India

Mangrove protection and restoration have been prioritised in India, and as a result of concerted interventions by key maritime states, mangrove cover has increased significantly in the last few decades. Mangrove restoration efforts have received considerable attention in the States of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh for their role in the mitigation of storms and cyclones. The ‘community-based restoration' strategy, in particular, is credited with expansion of mangrove regions across India. This study highlights the mechanism of successful mangrove restoration and conservation through various efforts of the government, private sector, and the coastal community in the state of Gujarat, India.Despite rapid coastal development, mangrove cover has also steadily increased in the last few decades in the State, clearly indicating a balanced approach towards enhancing blue economy. This is credited to the vision of the Government of Gujarat, India for putting in place appropriate policies and their effective implementation. Restoration of degraded mangrove and afforestation of new mangroves were made successful by applying scientific transplantation of saplings, utilization of local resources, involvement of public and private sectors and efficient monitoring activities. The Government of Gujarat has developed a comprehensive approach to integrate diverse sectors to effectively conserve mangroves and adopting a community-based restoration model. Such efforts at the regional level are the first-ever large-scale restoration and afforestation measures in India.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude regarding the Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana among the people in selected Urban Community of Visnagar

INTRODUCTION: Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana is a health care plan developed by the Government of Gujarat to help poor families in their major adversities.1 MA Amrutam Yojana has been implemented for all families living under poverty line in all the districts of Gujarat state from 4th September 2012.2 DESIGN: A quantitative approach using Descriptive survey research design. PARTICIPANTS: 100 urban people were selected using Probability Simple random sampling technique in selected urban areas of Visnagar. TOOL: Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the level of Knowledge regarding Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana and Likert scale (five-point scale) to assess the attitude towards Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana among the urban people. RESULTS: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 29.7% (29-39yr), Gender 51.3% (female), Marital status 71% (Married), Type of family 47.3% (joint family), Education qualification 30.3% (Secondary education), Occupation 40% (Unemployed), Monthly income 34% (above 15000) and previous knowledge 48% (yes). 26.33% of sample had poor knowledge score (0-6), 60.33% of them had average knowledge score (7-13) and 13.33% of them had good knowledge score (14-20) regarding Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana. 22% of urban people have negative attitude while 78% have positive attitude towards Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana. The correlation coefficient was done to assess relation between knowledge and attitude. The result was 0.59. It shows there was moderate relation between knowledge and attitude regarding Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana Chi-square test used to associate the level of knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variable at 0.05 level of significant. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed that sample have average knowledge about Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana. The findings of the study indicate there was moderate relation between knowledge and attitude regarding Mukhyamantri Amrutam Yojana.

Effect of nutritional intervention on anthropometric measurements of malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Civil Hospital Ahmedabad under "Mission Balam Sukham" scheme.

Context:In Gujarat, 39.7% of children are underweight and 10.6% are severely wasted in under five years of age. Nutritional rehabilitation centers started by the Government of Gujarat under the “Mission Balam Sukham” program focused at providing an energy-dense diet and protein along with other nutrients to combat malnutrition in children by hospital admission.Aim:To estimate the effect of nutritional intervention on Anthropometric measurements of malnourished children at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center (NRC), Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.Settings and Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the NRC of B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.Methods and Material:It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at NRC, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad from January 2017 till December 2017 (1-year duration). A total of 159 children, 0–5 years were admitted in NRC during this period and observed during their stay with three follow-up visits.Statistical Analysis Used:Z-test, one-way ANOVA on repeated measures test.Results:The majority of the admitted children were in the age group of 12–23 months. Overall mean weight at admission was 6.1 ± 1.7 Kg. The increase in mean weight at discharge was 6.5 ± 1.9 Kg. The mean weight on the third follow-up was 7.4 ± 1.9 Kg. Nearly 62.3% of severely malnourished children had improvement (cured) after treatment that was given during NRC admission.Conclusions:The present study confirmed the effectiveness of nutrition rehabilitation centers in the management of severe acute malnutrition.

Evaluation of Growth Progress among Malnourished Children Attending Village Child Nutrition Centre (VCNC) Under Mission Balam Sukham at Ahmedabad District, Gujarat

Introduction: Government of Gujarat launched “Mission BalamSukham” in the year 2012 to combat the malnutrition with three tier approach. At village level Village Child Nutrition Center (VCNC) runs at Anganwadi centers where children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) children aged 6 months to 6 years without any medical complications are enrolled for 30 days and provided with the nutrition supplements as per standard protocol including micronutrients. Objectives: To study the growth progress among malnourished children after one month of intervention at VCNC. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted over one year pe¬riod in selected VCNCs of Ahmedabad District. All the malnourished children admitted to these selected VCNCs during study period were included in the study. Data on weight status at admission and discharge, rate of weight gain, grade of malnutrition at entry and exit were collected from the records and analyzed using statistical software. Results: A total of 934 malnourished children were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was observed for weight at discharge (11.1 ± 2.07) and weight at admission (9.92 ± 1.77) for all the children. About 8.7 % children in urban and 16.5 % in rural area achieved the recommended weight gain of 5 grams/kg/day and the difference was statistically significant. In urban and rural area children who achieved the target (&gt;15%) weight gain was 6.3% and 14.7%, respectively and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: In the current study, 7.3% children achieved the target (&gt;15%) weight gain. Suggesting that VCNC supplementation for 1 month was not found adequate to give desired result.

Flood hydrometeorological situations associated with monsoon floods on the Par River in Western India

The objective of present work is to understand flood hydrometeorological situations associated with monsoon floods on the Par River, therefore, the analyses of synoptic conditions connected with large floods was carried out. This encompasses analysis of interannual rainfall variability and associated floods, analysis of storm tracts, investigation of normalized accumulated departure from mean (NADM) and evaluation of the relation between El Niño and monsoon rainfall. In order to accomplish above analyses, the annual rainfall data of the Par Basin have been obtained for 118 years from India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune and Chennai. The annual maximum series (AMS)/stage data were procured for a gauging site namely Nanivahial for 45 years from Irrigation Department of Gujarat State, Ahmedabad. The results indicate that the interannual variability was characterized by increased frequency and magnitude of floods on the Par River primarily after 1930s. Majority of the large floods in the basin were connected with low pressure systems. It is observed that most of the floods were associated with positive departure from mean rainfall in the basin. The NADM graph shows epochal behaviour of high and low rainfall of the basin and floods. The analysis of El Niño and Southern Oscillation indicates that the probability of the occurrence of the floods in the Par Basin is high during the average SST index and majority of the floods in the basin have occurred during above normal conditions of rainfall. The present study can, therefore, prove to be a significant contribution towards the Par-Tapi-Narmada link project of the Government of Gujarat and water divergent projects of the Government of Maharashtra in association with Government of India.

"Optimum Nutrition by Optimum Digestion: A Unique Phenomena of Ayurveda"

Sudhir Joshi* Author Affiliations District Ayurved Officer, District Panchayat, Vadodara, Government of Gujarat, India Received: April 19, 2021 | Published: May 04, 2021 Corresponding author: Sudhir Joshi, District Ayurved Officer, District Panchayat, Vadodara, Government of Gujarat India DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.35.005718

Structural Audit of 40 year old Silo

In India structural stability of old structures and fire protection and safety is one of the most common issues. because the strength of old structures get reduced in due course of your time it generate structural flaws like material diminution, unexpected over loading, structural scarcity or physical damages and if further use of such damaged structure it's getting to leads to severe loss of human life and public property. As Structural Audit of old structure is obligatory as per municipal authorities and Government of Gujarat has made "Structural Audit" of all old structures compulsory. the most objective of present work is to adopt Structural Auditing of 40 years old silo which is situated at Somnath (Gujrat) with Schmidt’s Hammer Test, Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity Test, Cover Meter Test, Half-cell test, pH test including Visual Inspection and assessing the stableness and safety of the structure to confront to for its remaining life by diagnosis and root explanation for the issues with remedial measures. Based upon above test is observed that the attribute of concrete is medium at maximum locations and Doubtful at few locations, corrosion has started in reinforcement and well within the suitable limit. Hence, it's recommended to repair damaged areas as per the methodology, specifications and locations.

Role of social media in promotion of green school initiatives by government green schools in India

This paper studies the role of social media in India's Green School Initiative with special reference to Green schools of Gujarat under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) project conceptualized and executed by the Government of Gujarat. By using a socio psychological framework researchers have tried to explore the role of social media in facilitating the Go green campaign, creating awareness and promoting sustainable education during the Green Schools Initiative in Gujarat. This study is based on in‐depth interviews of 35 Green school Principals of who were proactively involved and observed the processes of conceptualization and implementation of social media strategies of government green schools. This research explores the role of different social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Email, Text messaging etc. during the Green Schools Initiative in Gujarat. Little research on the role of social media in promoting the Green schools’ concept has addressed school owners, sustainability, and green school practices. Policies requiring green infrastructure and sustainable practices are gaining popularity quickly and becoming more common. However, we know little about how different social media platforms have enabled Green schools to inform people and mark their social presence. Environmental awareness is the need of the hour.

Improving social outcomes of mental distress survivors of domestic violence: using the capability approach

Domestic violence is one of the leading factors that drive its survivors towards severe mental health problems even leading to suicides in some cases. Several national and international organisations working on social outcomes for mentally ill survivors have noted that poor outcomes are due to factors like patriarchal attitudes, abysmal health infrastructure and poor quality of treatments. This paper is a study of the social outcomes achieved by survivors of domestic violence suffering from mental distress by using five concepts of the capability approach. Select survivors of the mental health support programme implemented by the Government of Gujarat and supported by voluntary organisations are interviewed that give insights into the ways in which the social outcomes of survivors could be improved by using the capabilities approach rather than that using the one based on established dominant norms. The findings have implications for health professionals and mental health systems as a whole in that they ought to pay attention to the agency and capabilities of survivors to help them first achieve a minimum threshold of well-being and strive for more valued social outcomes.

Host Genetic Factors for COVID-19 Severity and Outcome in Western Indian Population

Background: Different human populations across the globe responded in a different way against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is anticipated that host genetic variants have straight association with the COVID-19. Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) may help to understand this aspect.Methods: We carried out GWAS analysis with 571 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from Gujarat state of India with different phases of COVID-19 severity. After quality filtering, total 94, 320 and 147, deceased, recovered (after admitting in intensive care unit), and asymptomatic, patients were included in the final analysis using three tools i.e. PLINK, OrdinalGWAS·jl and SAIGE.Findings: We identified total ten, thirteen, and ten unique genomic loci for deceased vs recovered, deceased vs asymptomatic and recovered vs asymptomatic groups, respectively. TNFSF4, LRRC56 and TUBD1 genes have shown an association in deceased vs recovered. Similarly, genomic markers where nearby genes are OR7C2, OR7A17, PAX5, etc. are significant for disease vs asymptomatic comparison. For recovered vs asymptomatic comparison, a strong signal at chromosome 6, locus 6p21·32 where HLA group of genes, which are key regulators of the immune system, is found. Unfavorable alleles in AX-11318356, AX-11403743, and AX-11509434 have shown the higher frequency in European compared to the South Asian population and it is reversed for AX-40266551, AX-40266553, AX-38975337, AX-11258333, and AX-30353919.Interpretation: Unfavorable alleles of the markers showing association with the disease severity and outcome can be used for risk prediction in the SARS-CoV-2 infections. GWAS study in other populations may help to further strengthen the outcome of this study.Funding: Department of Science and Technology, Government of Gujarat, India.Conflict of Interest: All the authors of this manuscript declare no competing interests.Ethical Approval: The present studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Institutional Ethical Committee of Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, and B. J. Medical College and Civil hospital, Ahmedabad, reference No. EC/Approval/38/2020.

Megaprojects, mirages and miracles: territorializing the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and state restructuring in contemporary India

ABSTRACT Large-scale inter-city infrastructure projects are proliferating across the Global South as industrial policy-makers have used spatial planning to purposefully transform regions’ economic and urban geographies. The Make in India policy and its promotion of industrial development corridors is emblematic of these trends, and this paper explores the relationship between this emergent national spatial vision and the subnational governance restructuring necessary for its implementation. We present primary research surrounding the implementation of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) in Gujarat, and demonstrate that megaprojects present challenges that require subnational governments to act in altered ways. They must be adept in the assembly and delivery of significant parcels of land, and in handling any political fallout this generates. They must also make new arrangements and acquire competences to meet ‘scaled up’ developmental ambitions. Finally, they need to harness the legitimating power that corridors represent through their promises of connection, integration and growth. The Government of Gujarat has enthusiastically embraced the concept of the DMIC, turning spatial planning into a series of externally marketed infrastructure investment opportunities. In pushing its pro-growth agenda, it has overwritten earlier institutions focused on small-scale industrial development, but has not resolved underlying contradictions around land acquisition, or building consensus in support of its entrepreneurial vision. By focusing on this ‘limiting case’, we highlight the crucial role of the subnational state in implementing infrastructure-led development, and the importance of building a contextually rich understanding of its responses to the scaled-up demands megaprojects place upon it.

Shoreline change monitoring for coastal zone management using multi-temporal Landsat data in Mahi River estuary, Gujarat State

Coastline changes are caused by sea-level rise, erosion and anthropogenic activities, and have important consequences on coastal ecosystems and communities. In this study, shore line changes during the last 40 years near the Mahi estuarine belt in the Gulf of Khambhat region have been monitored using multi-temporal Landsat data from 1978 to 2018. Multi-date Landsat digital data with 10-year interval from 1978 to 2018 was downloaded from the website https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ . The Landsat data covering the study area with 15-km buffer was extracted and analyzed for monitoring the changes in the shoreline. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) images were also generated for delineation of the shoreline. The data was analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System in ArcGIS software, which provides a set of tools permitting transects-based calculation of shoreline displacement. A total number of 10 transects from the centre of the village up to the coast line were marked on the multi-date Landsat digital data. The changes in the shoreline from the centre of the village were calculated using the End Point Rate (EPR) and temporal linear regression model to predict future shoreline position. The decadal shoreline change indicated that shoreline has continuously increased from 113.9 to 831.4 m during the 40-year period from 1978 to 2018, respectively. This indicates that total migration of shoreline towards the land area of the study village during the last 40 years (1978 to 2018) was 1590.5 m with an alarming annual rate of change of 39.76 m year−1, which is very remarkably high and alarming which may lead to any future disaster for the study village. The coastline was not significantly changing until 1988; however, change in coastline is exponentially faster from 1989 to 2018. The linear regression method was adopted for predicting the shoreline change rates over the entire period of the study from 1978 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2028 and 2038. The results of shoreline change prediction for future 10 years (2028) and 20 years (2038) indicate the average predicted transect length of 1908 m and 1543 m, respectively. With the projected estimates of shoreline change during next 20 years at the rate of almost 120 m/year, it appears that the Chokari village may get submerged in the sea water. The analysis of change in the land surface area of the Chokari village indicated that it has decreased from 12.45 to 9.63 km2, which indicates that area reduced by 2.8 km2 may be due to the erosion along the river-bed which is the result of change in the shoreline during the last 40 years. Based on these results of shoreline change analysis, it is recommended that the Government of Gujarat needs to take immediate steps to protect the Chokari village from submergence by adopting Integrated Coastal Zone management strategies.