Government Area Of Edo State Research Articles

Socio-demographic determinants and impact on academic performance of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school children in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects children worldwide. In Nigeria, there is paucity of information on the socio-demographic associates of this important childhood condition.Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted between February and August 2006 among 1473 public primary school pupils aged 6 to 12 years, selected randomly among pupils drawn from Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The subjects were screened using Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DBD) Rating Scale to identify children with ADHD symptoms. Identified subjects were further evaluated with questionnaires to ensure that they met the other explicit non-symptom criteria contained in the DSM-IV manual, such as functional impairments. Children who were confirmed to have ADHD were compared with randomly selectedcontrols to determine the association, if any, between the prevalence of the condition and some sociodemographic characteristics.Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 7.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ADHD amongst the different age cohorts. No significant association was found between the prevalence of ADHD and socioeconomic background, size of family, age of parents andcharacteristics of the child’s primary caregiver. The children with ADHD had significantly lower school aggregate than that of selected control (Mean aggregate score of 51.7+16.1% versus 63.7+ 16.5%,p

LAND USE AND BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN RELATION TO ELAEIS GUINEENSIS AND HEVEA BRASILIENSIS ESTABLISHMENT

In the present study, a 65 hectare land located in Uvbe community in Orhionwon local Government area of Edo State was investigated for its suitability for either oil palm or rubber tree cultivation. Field investigation was conducted on the site and morphological characterization and vegetation was evaluated using the limitation method, following guidelines for rainfed agriculture for oil palm and rubber tree suitability assessment. Soil samples were also obtained and there physicochemical properties determined according to standard methods. The results obtained indicates that mean annual temperature in the area was 31 0 C While mean annual rainfall was 1700 mm. Soil morphological characterization showed that the entire area is flat and the soils sandy and well drained. There were no concretions or mottling. The soils are deep with rooting depth exceeding 120 cm. The physicochemical properties showed that the soil is acidic with mean pH of 4.5, mean Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 4.82 with calcium dominating the exchange sites. The soils were generally low to moderate in organic matter 0.88 %, Comparing the result obtained with the standard criteria for the cultivation of Elaies guineensis and Heavea brasiliensis, it was seen that the aggregate suitability class of the area was not suitable (N) for rubber cultivation and not suitable, but can be corrected (N1) for oil palm cultivation. The land area assessed in the present study is not suitable for rubber tree cultivation. If the area must be put to use for oil palm cultivation, it must be allowed to undergo long term fallow, in order to increase the organic matter build up in the soil through litter fall and other organic amendment.

A significant association between intestinal helminth infection and anaemia burden in children in rural communities of Edo state, Nigeria.

Background:Anaemia is estimated to affect half the school-age children and adolescents in developing countries.Aim:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and evaluate the relationship of intestinal helminth infection on the anaemia status of children in the rural communities of Evbuomore, Isiohor, and Ekosodin. in the Ovia North East local government area of Edo State, Nigeria.Subjects and Methods:Faecal samples and blood samples were obtained from 316 children aged 1-15 years. Faecal samples were examined using standard parasitological techniques, and anaemia was defined as blood haemoglobin <11 g/dL.Results:Of the 316 children, 38.6% were anaemic: 75.9% of children in Evbuomore, 42.3% in Isiohor and 26.8% in Ekosodin. The overall parasite prevalence in the three communities were: Ascaris lumbricoides (75.6%), hookworm (16.19%) and Trichuris trichiura (7.3%). Malnutrition was patent; 37.0% of the children were stunted, 19.3% wasted, and 44.0% underweight. There was a statistically significant association between hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides infection and anaemia (P < .001). Serum ferritin levels were more sensitive than haemoglobin in detecting anemia and were correlated with intestinal helminth infection.Conclusion:Intestinal helminth infection in a concomitant state of malnutrition is observed in this population. Intervention programmes should be aimed at control of intestinal helminth infection and iron supplementation.

Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of lateritic iron ore deposit at iyuku, etsako west local government area of Edo state, Nigeria

The lateritic iron ore deposit at Iyuku in Etsako West Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria was assayed chemically and mineralogically. The results of the chemical assay obtained are Fe2O3 (48.20 – 55.63%), Al2O3 (12.50 –18.00%), SiO2 (9.48 – 30.71%) CaO (0.36 – 0.41%), MgO (2.51 – 2.60%) moisture (1.21 – 1.77%) and L.O.I (4.08 – 8.35%). The mineralogical analysis indicates the predominant presence of goethite, haematite and halloysite, whereas, gibbsite and anatase were present as minor species.KEY WORDS: laterites, goethite, haematite, halloysite, gibbsite and anatase.

Broadcast Media in Family Planning Matters in Rural Nigeria: The Ebelle Scenario

KEYWORDS Family Planning. Radio Programmes. Rural Nigeria. Television Programmes. Contraceptives ABSTRACT This study examined the effectiveness of the broadcast media, specifically radio and television in creating and disseminating family planning information on matters of number and spacing of children in rural Nigeria, using Ebelle community in Igueben Local Government Area of Edo State as a study case. To achieve the set task, the paper employed the survey questionnaire method to gather data. Out of the 140 questionnaires administered, 100 were retrieved and analysed, using descriptive statistics. In the end, the study revealed that radio and television, through certain programmes, have helped in the dissemination of relevant information on family planning in rural settings just as they have purportedly done in urban centres in Nigeria. Hence, the paper recommended that the broadcast media should be massively deployed to disseminate relevant messages on issues such as contraceptive alternatives, distended family size, female genital mutilation, area boys cultism in the streets, sexually transmitted infections, malnutrition, among others, that have the potentials of destroying family hood. Ultimately, the redress of these challenges would redound to the cohesion and progress of the average rural family in Nigeria.

Antibiograms of salmonella isolates from poultry farms in Ovia North East local government area, Edo State, Nigeria

Water, fecal and swab samples of poultry walls and cages collected from various poultry farms located in five towns and villages in Ovia North east local government area of Edo State, Nigeria, were screened for the presence of Salmonella spp and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The prevalence rates recorded shows that Salmonella was isolated from all the sources investigated with varying rates which ranged from 27% for poultry cages to 80% recorded for fecal samples. Overall prevalence rates based on location ranged from 48% to 76%. Result of the resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolates from the various farms reveal that 62% of total 304 isolates tested were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics used with no significant difference in resistance pattern between the locations. Resistance to ampicillin appears to be the most common and was the highest (43%), followed by trimethoprim-sulphamethozazole (39%) and streptomycin (29%), with cephalexin (9%) and gentamycin (10%) recording the least resistance. Worrisome however is the fact the fluoroquinolones which are comparatively new, expensive and could be drug of choice should there be an outbreak, showed some significant degree of resistance (17%). The findings from this study present a potential health problem and are suggestive of the extent of misuse of drugs in medical and veterinary practice in Nigeria.

Attitude of Youths towards the Use of Condom in Heterosexual Intercourse in Ekpoma Nigeria

This study examined the attitude of youths towards the use of condom. The study was carried out in Ekpoma, the Administrative Headquarters of Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. ...

Assessment of labour roles by gender in cassava production in Ikpoba-Okha local government area of Edo state, Nigeria

The study assessed the labour roles played by different gender in cassava production in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 cassava farmers purposively selected from three (3) communities with the aid of questionnaire validated by expert judgment. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts percentages and Chi square statistics - finding revealed that majority (52.5%)of the respondents were male, 40. 8% fell within the age bracket of 41-50 years, majority (45, o%) has farming experience of 11-15 years most (80.0%)had farm size of 0.1-1.0 hectares. Respondents perceived inadequate capital, high labour cost l and land tenur as major problems associated with cassava production. Significant association exist between male and female (gender) and the labour roles in clearing (x2 = 39.27; p

Experiences Of The Elderly Utilizing Healthcare Services In Edo State

Background: The population of elderly is on the rise worldwide. The medical care of this group represent a significant unmet health need and thus utilization of health facilities is therefore very important.Objective: To determine the healthcare services experience of elderly in Edo state, Nigeria.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in Eyaen community in Uhunwonde Local Government Area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study population was 400 elderly recruited using multistage sampling technique. The data collection tool utilized was an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: There were more males (56.5%) than females (43.5%) giving a male: female ratio of 1.3:1, with a mean age of 71.3 years. Majority 95.3% had visited health facility, nine-tenth (90.3%) fall sick often but only 67.8% visit health facility when they are seriously sick. Waiting time was considered long and very long among 70.5% and 9.5% of respondents respectively. Sixty-six percent of the respondents attested that the number of doctors in health facility was insufficient and 72% felt that the consulted doctors were friendly. Effective communication with health workers was reported by 77% of the respondents. Appointment booking was easy for 51.3% of the respondents. The association of level of education and ease of appointment booking was statistically significant. The cost of health service received was deemed too expensive by 53% of the respondents. Musculoskeletal pain (40.5%) and malaria (29.0%) were the most common illnesses reported by the respondents. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed that most elderly had unpleasant health service experience as evidenced by long waiting time, insufficient number of doctors in health facilities, and expensive health services. Modeling healthcare delivery for elderly, devoid of these impediments is an obvious necessity.

A Comparative Analysis Of The Technical Efficiency Of Mechanized And Non-Mechanized Cassava Farmers In Egor And Oredo Local Government Areas Of Edo State, Nigeria

The study compared the mechanical efficiency of mechanized and non-mechanized cassava farmers in Egor and Oredo Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 80 cassava farmers (40 mechanized and 40 non-mechanized) were randomly selected from eight villages in the study area and interviewed using a wellstructured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function. The result showed that about 97%(γ = 0.97) and 99% (γ= 0.99) of the variations in the output of the mechanized and non-mechanized cassava farmers respectively were due to their technical inefficiency. For the mechanized farmers, age and educational level had positive significant (P< 0.05) effect on their technical inefficiency; variety of cassavacultivated had negative significant (P

Resource-Use Efficiency and Return to Scale in Smallholders Rubber Farming System in Edo State, Nigeria

The study examined the resource use efficiency and the farming system in Edo state of Nigeria. Data were collected from 50 randomly selected rubber smallholders in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo state using a multistage sampling procedure. The study reveals that there is under utilization of all the production inputs under consideration. In addition, land was a significant factor influencing output level of rubber in the area. The scale coefficient is 1.76 hence, increasing return to scale. Also, there are 13 farming systems operated by the rubber small holders in the study area. Incorporating policy measures of efficient use of production inputs and also to guard against all bids that may stands as obstacles towards efficient use of these production inputs were suggested.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Edo State

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and factors responsible for the spread of intestinal parasites in Edo State and suggest strategies for their control. Methods: This prospective and cross sectional study involved 3601 (798 males, 1002 females and 1801 children) selected randomly from the 18 local government areas of Edo State. Stool samples collected from the selected participants were analysed using standard techniques. Using a structured questionnaire, factors which disposed to increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasites were investigated between April 2007 and March 2008. Results: High prevalence (11.3%) of intestinal parasites was recorded in the study. Those drinking well water had the highest prevalence, followed by those who used tap water and least among people who used borehole water. Infection rate was higher in children who lived in bushy surrounding and lower in children who lived in marshy surrounding. The highest infection rate of 10% was observed in chldren who lived in environments where refuse was indiscriminately disposed and lowest (2.5%) in adult males who inhabited environments where refuse was collected in dust bins. Children who ate outside their homes and with unwashed hands were more likely to be infected than adult males who ate at home. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of parasitic infections in the State. Factors including water source, environment, method of refuse disposal, feeding pattern, sewage disposal, socio-economic status and cultural habits were identified to be contributing to parasitic infection. Keywords: Socio-economic factors, parasitic infection, Edo state, Nigeria

Geohelminthiasis among Nigerian preschool age children

A study of the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of geohelminth infections was investigated among preschool children aged 1-5 years old in Ibilo, Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and ninety eight children (94.30%) out of 316 volunteers examined were infected with one or more geohelminth parasites. The predominant geohelminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (85.7%, 104.4 epg), followed by hookworm (65.7%, 172.2 epg) and Trichuiris trichuira (2.9%, 305 epg). The difference in the prevalence of infection of the geohelminths among the preschool children was statistically significant (F=6.708, p 0.05). Of the three anthelmintic drugs administered, namely, Albendazole, Mebendazole andPyrantel pamoate, children treated with Pyrantel pamoate had the lowest parasitic load post treatment and highest cure rate. Places of defecation such as pit latrines, bushes and water closets as well as mothers’/caregivers’ occupation have been identified as potential risk factors contributing to the high infection rates of helminth parasites among preschool age children studied. Key words: Geohelminthiasis, preschool age, children, albendazole, mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate, haemoglobin, risk factors, Nigeria.

Students Perception of Cyber Crime in Edo State: Implications for Teaching and Learning

The study determined the perception of students toward committing cyber crime the study will determine the level of success and the gender mostly prone to commit this crime. The study employed the use of descriptive survey to find out students perception towards cybercrime in Edo State. A sample of 500 students randomly selected from cyber café in Esan west local government area of Edo state was used. The instrument for data collection is the Student Perception of Cyber Crime (S.P.C.C.) it comprises of 20 items. The reliability ofthe instrument was obtained using the split-half method and the coefficient of reliability obtained was 0.62. The analysis of data was done using Chi- Square. The results of the study have shown that most students perceived cyber crime as not been evil and showedtheir desire to get involve in it if opportunity arose. The male students are mostly involved in sending spam mails. The increase in percentage success in this crime has encouraged others to want to try. Most of the cyber cafes are profit driven the higher the number of users the higher the rate of profit hence little effort is shown to drive criminals awayfrom cafes. The security agents will do enough good service to the society by engaging in constantly check of the activities of these cafes to reduce their menace.

Perceived training needs of cassava farmers in Ovia north east local government area of Edo State. Nigeria

This study examined training needs of cassava farmers in Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State. A total of 80 randomly selected cassava farmers were the respondents for the study. Data were collected using interview schedule and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that majority of the farmers (57.5%) were males, higher percentage of the respondents (63.8%) belongs to the age group 30 – 49years and 47.5 percent of the respondents were married. Majority of the respondents (60.0%) had both primary and secondary qualifications while 32.5 percent had no formal education. Findings further show that respondents attached great importance to the use of improved variety ( &#935=4.37), rapid multiplication of planting materials (&#935 = 4.18) weeding (&#935 =4.15) and storage of planting material (&#935 =3.85). They also identified quality flour making (&#935 = 4.72), rapid multiplication of planting materials ( &#935= 4.68), industrial utilization of cassava (&#935 =4.53) identification of improved varieties (&#935 = 4.42). as areas where training is highly required. There were significant association between respondents\' age, educational level and farm size and their training needs. It was therefore recommended that there is a need for organizing training for farmers in areas such as rapid multiplication of planting materials, quality cassava flour production and identification of improved cassava varieties. Keywords: Assessment, training needs, cassava farmers.Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 (1&2) 2008: pp. 128-134

Child Rights and the Media: The Nigerian Experience

The paper investigates the influence of the media, most especially television medium in creating awareness among the public on child rights as well as child survival using Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria as a case study. The local government was delineated into four zones for the purpose of this research and two hundred (200) participants were randomly selected from these zones. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants and these questionnaires were analysed using simple frequency tables and percentages. It was found that television as a medium of communication has been able to raise awareness regarding child rights through its various programmes aired which are geared towards raising awareness on child rights and other issues relating to child development. However, it was found that this awareness does not reflect in the attitude of the residents towards the children in the locality. Based on the findings, recommendations were made on how to improve public attitude with regard to child right, survival and development issues.

Onchocerciasis Amongst Children Of An Endemic Community In Edo State, Nigeria

Onchocerciasis among 278 children (0-15yrs) of Ekpan village, a hyperendemic community in Uhunmwode Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria was investigated using the prevalence of nodules as index. The overall prevalence of palpable nodules was 26.3%. Nodule prevalence increased with age and the association was found to be statistically significant (P

Assessment of the role of cooperative societies in cocoa production by smallholders in Owan-West local government area of Edo state, Nigeria.

Multi-stage and proportional sampling procedure was used to select102 respondents made up 60 cooperators chosen from 8 registered cooperative societies and 42 non-cooperators in the study area. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, means and t-test analysis. Results showed that the mean ages of cooperators and non-cooperators were50 years and 48 years respectively, 53% of the cooperators and 26% of non-cooperators have been engaged in cocoa farming between 11 and 25 years and most (82%cooperators and 71% non-cooperators) of the respondents had low educational background as they only spent 6 years and 7 years respectively in formal education. The mean output and income of cooperators were 5,716.67kg and N70, 116.69 while the mean for non-cooperators were 7,107.14kg and N78, 571.43. The cooperators and non-cooperators mean farm sizes were 5 hectares and 6 hectares respectively. Generally, the cooperators actively participated in cooperative activities except in seminars in which their participation was low. Cooperative societies in the study area played leading roles in cocoa production as they assisted cooperators in marketing of produce, storage of harvested products, supply of inputs and organizing workshops but negligible influence on cooperators' output and income. Results of hypotheses tested in the study revealed that the farm output and income of non-cooperators were significantly higher than that of cooperators contrary to expectation Recommendation was made that cooperative societies should encourage their members to attend seminars and workshops as a way of building up members' capacity to acquire knowledge and information.Agro-Science Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 47-54

Assessment Of Farmers\' Perception And Participation In The Agricultural Insurance Scheme In Oredo And Ikpoba – Okha Local Government Areas Of Edo State, Nigeria

The study assessed the perception and participation of farmers in the agricultural insurance scheme. Oredo and Ikpoba – Okha Local Government areas were used for the study with a sample size of 60 farmers randomly selected from 104 registered farmers. Results showed that less than half (46.7%) participated in the scheme, while only 55.0 % of the respondents were aware of the scheme and the major source of information for them (57.6%) was the Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NARCDB). Majority of those who insured perceived insurance to be important (71.4%) but they participated in the scheme as a means of obtaining loan. Those who did not insure or participated (53.6%) were indifferent to the scheme and the major perceived hindrance to their non – participation was the complex bureaucracy involved. Those who insured were satisfied with the scheme and perceived agricultural insurance to be beneficial. It was recommended that there is need for enlightenment programmes on agricultural insurance through the mass media and should be included in extension messages. Keywords: Perception, Participation, Agricultural InsuranceJOAFSS Vol. 4 (1) 2006: pp. 80-88

Sodium concentration in home made salt – sugar – solution (sss): influence and implications of changing solvent measures.

In a cohort of 210 young mothers, selected through cluster sampling technique from Ogida health district of Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, the electrolyte concentration of prepared salt-sugar-solutions (SSS) were evaluated. This was predicated on the need to determine the effects of introduction of various solvent measures on electrolyte concentration. About 85% of mothers used appropriate sized bottles. Of the 32 that used inappropriate sized bottles, 21 (65.5%), 9 (28.1%) and 2 (6.3%) respectively used two of the 350ml coke bottle, one of 350ml coke bottle and 2 of 250ml coke bottle. The choice of appropriate sized bottle was not significantly influenced by previous use of SSS, recent use of SSS, age, maternal education and social class. Mean sodium concentration of the 600ml beer bottle or two 300ml coke bottles varied significantly from those obtained with the use of multiples of 250ml (t = 6.76; p < 0.05) and a single 350ml soft drink bottle (t = 22.53; p < 0.05). The concentration of sodium in the SSS prepared by mothers from non-standardized solutes reveals that 87 (41.4%), 85 (40.4% and 38 (18.2%) mothers respectively prepared solutions with sodium concentration (mmol/l) of 91.0 – 120.0, > 120.0 and < 91.0. The preparation of solution with appropriate sodium concentration was uninfluenced by recent use of SSS, prior use of SSS, maternal age and maternal education. The multiplicity of various sizes of soft drink bottles in the Nigerian market has the potential of worsening the problem of inappropriate sodium concentration of homemade SSS. It is recommended that a standard measure of 600ml capacity, devoid of any relationship with sale and consumption of any commercial drink be introduced into the Nigerian market to enhance SSS promotion and standardization. Keywords: Sodium concentration, SSS, Solvent – measures. Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 1 (2) 2002: pp. 124-130