Government Agricultural Programs Research Articles

Farmer Application

The aim of the program is to provide a platform for farmers to rent modern agricultural machinery and equipment as well as rent storage space for crops. The app will also connect to government servers to track data on crops, fertilizer use and government funds. Records of machinery and equipment will be kept along with details of the crop stored. In India, agriculture is the main source of income for the majority of the population. However, many farmers are not aware of advances in agricultural technology and cannot understand the market value of their products. That's why they often sell products at very low prices. In addition, they also try to follow the government's agricultural plans and reports. To solve these problems, our initiative will create a platform where farmers can get the latest information on vegetables and fruits in every market in India. This will help them sell their products at reasonable prices and improve their financial situation. Additionally, farmers will also receive notifications regarding government agricultural programs and in-app notifications to benefit from these programs. Additionally, our application will help farmers prepare the required products by estimating the amount of vegetables and fruits according to the market. We will also include weather data to support farmers' planning for the next 2-3 days. Overall, our programs focus on providing farmers with new knowledge and technology that will improve their livelihoods and increase their productivity

The Role of Agriculture in Women’s Economic Empowerment in Wau County, Western Bahr-El-Ghazal, South Sudan

The study examined the role of agriculture in women's economic empowerment in Wau County, Western Bahr - El - Ghazal state, South Sudan. The objectives of the study were to examine the influence of agricultural extension services on women's economic empowerment in Wau Country of Western Bahr-El-Ghazal, South Sudan; to assess the effect of climate-smart agriculture on women's economic empowerment in Wau County of Western Bahr-El-Ghazal, South Sudan; and to establish the effect of gender equity in agriculture on women economic empowerment in Wau County of Western Bahr-El-Ghazal, South Sudan. The study applied a cross-sectional survey research design, along with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. 200 participants were recruited for the study using both simple random and purposive sampling techniques and both self-administered questionnaires and interview guide instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis with help of SPSS Version 21 and qualitative data were analyzed using both thematic analysis and content analysis. It is found that women farmers in Wau Country of Western Bahr-El-Ghazal receive different extension services, research-based agricultural information to help them in their agricultural activities, access productivity-enhancing technologies through extension services through government agricultural programs and other NGOs who work to empower women, women farmers have not been involved in co-head to get information on agriculture best practices through extension services that leave them behind regarding economic empowerment and women farmers receive information to operate new agricultural equipment to improve the agricultural productivity to their income.

Auto Insurance Claim System for Farmers

Abstract: Natural disasters such as droughts, floods, cyclones, and animal attacks commonly impair agriculture production and farm revenue in India. Contract farming and futures trading are two contemporary examples of procedures that are Price changes are expected to provide some protection, either explicitly or implicitly. Agricultural protection, on the other contrary, is considered a necessary tool for efficiently addressing the risk of output and revenue loss caused by a variety of natural and artificial disasters. For the benefit of farmers, the GOI (Government of India) has implemented a number of agricultural programmes around the country. Information about various government agricultural programmes is now available on the internet in the form of websites and mobile apps, thanks to advances in technology and internet services.

Racial Ideology in Government Films: The Past and Present of the US Information Service’s Men of the Forest (1952)

Movies beyond the scope of Hollywood and entertainment have shaped notions of race in American culture since the early decades of cinema. A range of nontheatrical sponsors and creators in the US made films to serve practical functions in society—to inform, to organize, to persuade, to promote, etc. The US federal government was a major sponsor of many of these films, which provided American and foreign audiences depictions of race that differed considerably from popular commercial images. For example, Men of the Forest, a film made in 1952 by the United States Information Service focuses on the Hunters, a Black family who owns land and a forestry business in rural Georgia. A documentary of sorts, the film highlights Black life, work, and land ownership in the South in ways not seen in popular feature films of the day. Yet, in the film and others like it, histories of institutional racism are woven into cinematic form and content in ways that are distinct from the entertainment industry. The creators of Men of the Forest omit details of segregation in the South to emphasize the Hunter family as examples of American democracy, a choice suited to the film’s Cold War purpose: to counter the anti-American message of Soviet propaganda for foreign audiences. On one hand, by producing and distributing the film, the federal government acknowledged Black farmers and landowners in the Jim Crow South. On the other hand, it avoided the structural inequality surrounding the Hunters to frame their reality as an example of American democratic progress for international circulation. Today, government films like Men of the Forest prompt contemporary reflection on the institutional histories they represent and their evolution into the present. The film and many others are available online due to the digitization of collections from the National Archives, Library of Congress, and elsewhere. With this increase in access, contemporary scholars have the ability to investigate how the federal government and its various internal entities mediated racial ideologies with moving image technologies. As an example of such research, this essay examines Men of the Forest by focusing on the past and present contradictions that arise from its depiction of a Black family with land and an agricultural business in rural Georgia. Two recent events shed light on the histories reflected in the film and their contemporary significance. In 2018, Descendants of Men of the Forest, The Legacy Continues—a documentary created by family members of the film’s original participants—contextualized the original production as evidence of the Hunter family’s legacy in the community of Guyton, Georgia. Underlying this local effort, Men of the Forest serves as an important historical event and record of the family and the community. On a broader scale, in March 2021, Congress passed a large relief package for disadvantaged minority farmers, intended to help alleviate decades of systemic racism in government agricultural programs. Lawsuits from white farmers and conservative organizations followed quickly, challenging the provision of government aid based on race. In this federal context, Men of the Forest exposes an institutional image of individual success that downplays the structural racism facing people of color, especially those with agricultural livelihoods. Even as politics and legislation evolve, this vision of democracy once exported by the federal government has widespread currency and accumulating effects. The connections between Men of the Forest and these recent events reveal the racial politics at play in government films and the ways in which they take shape in the real world beyond the screen.

Government Agricultural Support Programs and Livelihood of Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Kampala, District Uganda

This article explores government agricultural support programs and livelihood of smallholder vegetable farmers in Kampala district Uganda. Climate variability is a reality and poses severe effects on societal economy. The agriculture sector in developing countries will be hard hit because it is mostly rain-fed. The poor in such countries will face the brunt of climate variability because they are poor and less able to cope with its effects. Government agricultural programs may help smallholder farmers cope with climate variability and thus protect livelihood. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and complimented by face- to- face interviews. In this paper, multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effect of government agricultural support programs and livelihood of smallholder vegetable farmers. The results showed that out of 201 farmers only 16 (8.0%) received government support and was received in form of subsidized credit, agricultural inputs, agriculture training, extension services and market support. Correlation analysis using Pearson Correlation Coefficient showed a significant positive and weak correlation (r =0.423, p=0.000) between government support programs and livelihood of farmers. Whereas multiple linear regression results revealed that government agricultural support programs (β2= -0.037 and p>0.05) did not have a significant effect on livelihood of smallholder vegetable farmers. Consequently, the paper recommends increasing accessibility and affordability of government programs. Secondly, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries and NAADS should provide provide agricultural support as a full package to farmers.

Cooperative Development: Sustainability Agricultural Planning Viewed Through Cooperative Equilibrium Management Theory in Togo, Africa

Cooperative economics looks at market failures as areas for development. The cooperative development process, however, requires member engagement or cohesion in the process according to the Cooperative Management Equilibrium Theory. This cohesion requires an awareness and understanding by the cooperative members of the market failure to develop the capacity to address the failure. This article looks at the effects of government agricultural programs on economic, environmental and social sustainability. The questions we ask is how does a focus on economic development push against social and environmental sustainability within the agricultural sector in Togo? Does member cohesion within a cooperative represent a form of Polanyian double movement through social and environmental cohesion? The current development models utilize what Sen refers to as an austere mode of development which forgoes social or environmental considering them luxuries. Does the focus of economic development build capacity only for economic performance within the Togo agricultural sector at the expense of social and environmental sustainability? Utilizing Deep Participatory Indicator Approach (DPIB) approach this paper examines the economic, environmental and social indicators within two prefectures in the Plateaux Region of Togo. Indicators were separated to show the differences between individual or cooperative producers. As cooperatives it was anticipated that a greater emphasis on social and environmental sustainability would be created through cohesive social action. This study found that the emphasis on economic development included in government programs built development capacity within cooperatives emphasizing their cooperative market cohesion.

Terrace Agriculture in the Mixteca Alta Region, Oaxaca, Mexico: Ethnographic and Archeological Insights on Terrace Construction and Labor Organization

AbstractThis article presents ethnographic information on terrace farming that was collected to ground archeological interpretations of cross‐channel terraces known as lama‐bordos in the Mixteca Alta region of southern Mexico. Ethnographic interviews asked about labor organization and the labor requirements of terrace construction, and also documented agroecological knowledge associated with terrace farming. The integration of ethnographic and archeological data indicate that lama‐bordo terracing started 3,400 years ago and today lama‐bordos continue to be built, maintained, and farmed at the household level, in ways that correspond with the recorded stratigraphies of Prehispanic lama‐bordo terraces. Even in contemporary contexts of government agricultural programs and global markets, farmers continue to grow food and build their lives around lama‐bordos using a complex body of knowledge about the weather, plants, soils, and the behavior of pests. The continuation of this land‐use and food‐producing strategy for over three millennia attests to the longevity, effectiveness, and resilience of this ancestral practice that has been a cornerstone for Mixtec society and survival.

FARMERS’ DECISION TO PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES IN A VOLATILE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN THE SOUTH-SOUTH REGION OF NIGERIA

Most g overnment agricultural programmes in developing countries are designed following the political ideology of the ruling class and farmers have mixed responses regarding participation . The top – bottom approach adopted in designing these programmes further created dissatisfaction among farmers. Achieving the objectives of these programmes will depend on the level of farmers’ participation . Premised on this, the study determined factors that influence farmers’ participation in government agricultural programme s in the Southern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from 3 9 0 farmers in the study area. Combinations of sampling methods were used to collect data . The Logit model estimates revealed that , household size, dependent ratio, farming experience, years in social organization, land ownership, awareness index, membership in political party, non - farm income, visit by extension agent, male composition in farming population and level of formal education were positive determin ants of farmers’ participation in government agricultural programmes in the study area. On the contrary, farm income and bureaucracy bottleneck involved in these p rogrammes were negative determinants. Perceived constraints to farmers’ participation w ere; b ureaucracy involve; insufficient land for implementation, high transport cost and low awareness . In order to increase farmers’ participation in agricultural based programme in the region, it is recommended that, g overnment should reclaim marginal land and create a policy that will increase land ownership by resource poor farmers in the region. Farmers should be encouraged to form social groups. Massive awareness campaign should be mounted to sensitize farmers on government agricultural programmes in the region . Also, such programmes should be p olitical ly neutral and design following bottom - up approach.

Perceived Role Achievement and Role Expectation of Local Government Agricultural Programmes in Southeast, Nigeria

The study ascertained agricultural development role expectations and role achievements among local government authorities (LGAs) in southeast, Nigeria. Some LGAs in the study area contributed to the success of some agricultural programmes in different ways such as providing training facilities at local government (LG) and farmers’ levels. However, some assessment studies on the effectiveness of LGAs’ agricultural activities in southeast, Nigeria show unfavorable reports on the achievements of specified agricultural roles such that rural farmers still experience low agricultural productivity. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data on agricultural role expectation and role achievement of LGAs from 179 LG staff members and 145 farmers using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using mean score, standard deviation and students’ t-test. The mean scores of farmers on role expectation ( ) for provision of water scheme, market gardens, and tractors were =2.7, =2.7 and =2.5 while those of LG staff for the same roles were =2.3; =2.3 and =2.2, respectively. The mean scores of farmers on role achievement ( ) by LGAs with respect to provision of processing plants and bore-holes were =2.1 and =2.3 while those of LG staff were =3.7 and =4.1, respectively. There were significant differences between LG staff and farmers’ perception on expected agricultural roles (t= -2.9; p≤ 0.05) and role achievement (t=18.0; p≤ 0.05) of LGAs. The study recommends representation of farmers in LGs’ agriculture department to be involved in planning of agricultural interventions that will address farmers’ felt needs.

Human Factors that Derail Extension Services Delivery in Developing Countries: Implications for Policy

The paper examines human factors derailing extension services delivery in developing countries. Poor management of rewards and incentives; quality of work life; poor assessment system; limited quality of human resource; inadequate extension support training materials; inconsistencies of government programmes; inadequate staff training and poor extension programme evaluation were viewed as major constraints. Considering the role of extension to agricultural development, the paper recommends that efforts should be made by the various stakeholders in agricultural extension services to improve the capability of human resources involved in extension services and highlights the need for government agricultural programmes to be consistent to enable the beneficiaries of such programmes derive the benefits that will boost productivity in agriculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14015 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (2): 54-57, December, 2012

Developing an approach for a sustainable agricultural revolution: A prescriptionfor the private and public sectors in the Southern states of Nigeria

Over the years, agricultural development in Nigeria has been on a downward trend. This negative trend is attributed to the apathy from the people, the discovery of oil just before independence; and the after effects of the civil war of the late 60's. In addition to the local political problems, intensive agricultural research and delivery systems have been disappointingly low in some of the underdeveloped nations especially Nigeria as compared to the strings of successes in some Asian and Latin American countries. Several government initiatives and programmes aimed at improving food production and security have not yielded positive results either. Most of these programmes served as conduit pipes for government officials to carry away millions of dollars to foreign accounts. Various government agricultural programmes targeted at the poor farmers have not brought about the much trumpeted agricultural revolution - in terms of millions of people to feed and the produce to meet industrial needs. This paper takes a cursory look at patterns of agricultural growth in Nigeria, reasons for agricultural revolution, variables of sustainable agricultural development and strategies in developing a framework for public and private sectors participation in agricultural revolution in Nigeria.   Key words: Agricultural, development, programmes, revolution, government.

Bioeconomic Evaluation of Government Agricultural Programs on Wetlands Conversion

An optimal control model is used to investigate the effect of government agricultural support programs on wetlands conversion in Canada's pothole region. Under existing grain programs, about 19 percent of land is left in an unimproved state conducive for waterfowl habitat; in the absence of government subsidies, 43 percent of agricultural land is left unimproved. The shadow values of marginal land are estimated to be $50-$60/acre. Given that habitat preservation programs pay farmers no more than $30/acre to maintain waterfowl habitat, and since Canadian programs have no conservation compliance provisions, it appears that current policy is misguided.

Measuring the welfare costs of supply management: The role of indirect benefits

This study indicates that it is important to take into account what happens in other markets when evaluating the social costs of government agricultural programs. However, indirect benefits (costs) accruing in other markets are only to be measured if those markets are distorted (price does not equal marginal cost). An empirical application from supply management in Canadian agriculture is provided. The results suggest that, if other markets are ignored, the social costs of supply restrictions may be overestimated by 50 percent. This is quite a large relative error indeed if one is interested in evaluating public policy from a social welfare standpoint. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.

Agricultural options: An alternative to current agricultural programs

Agricultural options can enable farmers to obtain some of the same types of price protection currently available through the government's agricultural programs. Farmers can use agricultural options to reduce the price variability that they face when they sell their commodities, without disrupting market prices and thus market signals. The benefits of using agricultural options instead of price-support programs will be better allocation of resources, increased exports, and reduced government spending in agriculture. However, practical problems must be solved before agricultural options can replace certain agricultural programs.

The national accelerated food production project as a strategy for increased food production in Nigeria: A review of problems and prospects with particular reference to sorghum, millet and wheat

Over the years, Nigeria's food problems have prompted the initiation of various government-sponsored agricultural development programmes. The National Accelerated Food Production Project (NAFPP), is one of the more recent of such initiatives. The primary goal of this paper is to give an overview of the NAFPP system and to indicate major problems that tend to constrain its success, with particular reference to sorghum, millet and wheat. Problems highlighted by the paper include the introduction of seed varieties which do not meet farmers' traditional preferences, the shortage of field extension staff, poor funding by state governments and inadequate co-ordination of NAFPP activities with other related government agricultural programmes. Prospects of the NAFPP as a strategy for increased food production are examined. The paper concludes that the NAFPP, if well managed, provides the true basis of a ‘Green Revolution’ in Nigeria.

Capitalism and Agriculture

The political experts seem to be unanimously agreed that the farm vote is one of the great unknowns in the political equation of 1956. Hence the spate of talk about "the farm problem" which has recently filled the press, the airwaves, and the halls of Congress. Hence, also, the frenetic competition among the politicos to come forward with new proposals to rescue "the farmer" from a fate akin to, if not worse than, bankruptcy. But in more sophisticated circles, it is no longer fashionable to indulge in such naive oversimplifications or to assume that government agricultural programs reach the segments of our rural population which are really in distress today. There has recently emerged a considerable body of literature on agriculture which is addressed not so much to the specialist as to what may be called the thinking element in the ruling class.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.