Government Administration Bodies Research Articles

THE VOIVODE'S RECOMMENDATION AS A SPECIFIC TOOL FOR SECURITY PROTECTION IN A DUALISTIC MODEL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN POLAND

This paper aims to analyze the problems resulting from the voivode’s use of a recommendation tool issued for local government administration bodies, as well as recommendations issued for local government bodies. It investigates the characteristics of the dualistic system of local administration, along with a discussion of its structure and the importance of the connections resulting from centralization or decentralization. It explores problems related to determining the final nature of orders issued by the voivode for government administrative bodies and local government bodies. The study also encompasses the premises enabling the voivode to issue a recommendation and the positions of representatives of the doctrine on how to understand the concepts of protection of public security and order.

Procedura finansowania zadań publicznych realizowanych przez organizacje pozarządowe w trybie art. 19a ustawy o działalności pożytku publicznego i o wolontariacie

The article discusses the procedure for financing public tasks commissioned by the executive bodies of local government in a non-open competition mode, regulated in Art. 19a of the Act on Public Benefit and Volunteering, which is the basic legal act regulating the functioning of non-governmental organizations in Poland. Commissioning the implementation of public tasks may take the form of entrusting the implementation of a public task or supporting the implementation of a public task. The basic form of commissioning public tasks by local government administration bodies is the competition procedure. It allows the principle of competitiveness and transparency of this process to be maintained. However, the legislator provided for the possibility of commissioning the implementation of public tasks also in a non-competition mode. By creating this possibility of commissioning public tasks, it introduced numerous restrictions for this mode, thanks to which this procedure is secondary to the basic form of commissioning public tasks by way of an open competition. The purpose of the discussion here is to analyze the procedure in matters relating to outsourcing the implementation of public tasks to non-governmental organizations by local government administration bodies within the meaning of the above-mentioned Act in a non-competition manner. The article also contains proposals for amending the regulation in question to adapt it to the currently existing socio-economic relations, because this regulation has been in force for over twenty years and requires changes, which results from the previous experience in its application.

Professional training of teachers in Kyrgyzstan at the current stage

Relevance. In recent years, professional pedagogical education in Kyrgyzstan has undergone a series of changes. The dissolution of the Soviet Union brought alterations in the educational systems that existed in former Soviet republics. The relevance of this article lies in the need to analyse the establishment and evolution of pedagogical education in the country�s higher educational institutions.Purpose. The objective of the study is to define the concept of professional teacher training at the current stage, as well as methods to enhance their qualifications.Methodology. The following methods were employed in the research: analytical, comparative, synthesis, systematisation, and generalisation.Results. The results showed that primary attention in devising an effective education system for future teachers should be paid to the functioning of relevant universities and departments. There�s a need to revisit outdated teaching methodologies, adapting them to contemporary realities such as online education and the use of modern technologies in pedagogical practice. Moreover, the efficiency of the educational process is closely related to the character, creative abilities of the teacher, their cultural awareness, and socialisation. Additionally, the question of a teacher�s status in modern society is pertinent. Analysing pedagogical practices of other countries indicates that teachers therein rightfully enjoy special respect and hold a prestigious position in society. Kyrgyzstan should adopt a similar approach, granting educators certain privileges at the national level.Conclusions. The findings can be beneficial for specialists in the field of education, institutional leaders, government administration bodies, and all those interested in issues of professional teacher training at the present stage.

State Administrative and Contractual Character of Labor Law Relations of Civil Servants

Purpose: The place of labor law relations of civil servants in the system of relations between state administration and labor contract, its theoretical-conceptual and legal basis were analyzed in the article. There were touched upon the elements which combine labor of civil servants in the system of relations of state administration and labor contract character. Theoretical framework: Labor relations of civil servants have complex composition elements. Implementation of these relations in state bodies is one of the main factors which stipulates the complexity of its composition. Another factor includes the possibility of implementation of mainly two constitutional rights of the citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan – right to work and right to take part in governing the state. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a type of mixed method. Along with the organization and activity of state power and state administrative bodies in accordance with the legislation, state administrative relations, in accordance with their status and competence, arises in connection with the implementation of the objectives and functions of the state. Public relations forming the subject of legal regulation of civil service relations are the legal model of public relations fixed in the legislation on civil service. Findings: Labor relations of civil servants act as the part of system of civil service legal relations. Here mainly, legal relations on two aspects attract more attention. One of these relations is the legal relations arising on state administration based on the principle of power-subordination. And the other are the legal relations arising on the implementation of the constitutional right to work in state bodies based on the principle of freedom of labor and on the labor contract. The main subject of the both legal relations is civil servants. This aspect combines labor law relations of civil servants in the system of relations of state administration and labor contract character. Research, Practical & Social implications: The state administrative relations are established, changed and terminated in relation with organization and activity of the state government and state administrative bodies in accordance with the current legislation, as well as implementation of missions and functions of the state in accordance with their status and authorities. Administrative relations making the subject of legal regulation of civil service relations are legal model of the administrative relations identified in the legislation on civil service. Originality/value: The civil service is one of the main provision means of implementation of state government and state administration.

FINANCIAL SECURITY OF FAMILIES OF PERSONS DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY - SELECTED PROBLEM ISSUES

The analysis of the situation of families of persons deprived of their liberty allows for consideration the difficulties faced by these families on a daily basis. These difficulties result mainly from the overlapping of social and economic problems that determine having adequate financial resources necessary to meet existential needs. The article presents the forms of assistance that the families of persons deprived of their liberty can count on from government administration and local govern-ment bodies. Statistics on the scope and forms of post-penitentiary assistance provided to convicts in penitentiary units, in connection with preparing them for life, are also shown in freedom condi-tions.

Programming and financing of development Forces - the old and new approach on the basis of Poland's experience

ObjectivesAnalysis of the increased financial effort of the state related to the intensification of the process of developing the country's defense potential, including in particular the process of programming and financing the development of the Polish Armed Forces.MethodsTheoretical and empirical scientific methods have been used in the development of this publication. The theoretical methods are analysis and synthesis of source documents and comparative analysis. The empirical method was participant observation of the processes of planning, programming, and budgeting the development of the Polish Armed Forces.ResultsA comparative analysis of various source materials, shaping expenditures on securing the state's defense needs, allowed the author to prove the thesis that an appropriate level of these expenditures can actually improve the overall security of the country, as well as the capabilities of its Armed Forces.ConclusionsThe geopolitical situation that has arisen in recent months around the borders of Poland forces the state to significantly accelerate the process of intensifying the development of the country's defence potential, including technical modernization and development of the Armed Forces. The implementation of the tasks for the security and defence of the state has required many changes for years in relation to: - the obligation to defend – issues related to qualification, the course of the recruitment process for military service, or the defence duty of citizens;; - military service – issues related to broadly understood military service; - programming and financing of the Armed Forces – issues related to obtaining new sources of financing; - implementation of tasks by entrepreneurs for the armed forces – issues related to the change in the design, financing and competence of government administration bodies.

Wojewoda w systemie organów bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego

The aim of the article is to present the position of the voivode in the system of security authorities and public order in the voivodeship and its powers in relation to managers’ services, inspections and guards constituting the combined administration in the voivodeship. These powers developed since the introduction of the system reform in 1990 in relation to the creation of a dualism of local administrative bodies: local government at the commune level and local general government administration bodies. The basic rights of the voivode in the scope of safety and public order are currently defined in the Act of 23 January 2009 on the voivode and government administration in the voivodship. The Law the Police of 6th of April 1990 states that it is a body of security and public order at the voivodeship level, and that the voivodeship police chief represents the voivode in performing tasks in that regard, except for matters related to operational and exploratory investigations and prosecution of offences, as well as issuing individual administrative acts, if the laws so provide. The performance of tasks by the voivodeship police chief on behalf of the voivode does not mean, however, that the voivode is an official superior over the chief of police. Nor does grouping and superintendence imply the organisational inclusion of the auxiliary apparatus of the voivodeship chief of police in the provincial office, since it is the sovereign decision of the Chief Police Officer to determine the principles of organisation and the scope of action of chiefs. There is also no financial integration. The article also points out that the Act on the Voivode and Government Administration in the Voivodship defines the basic functions of the voivode, which include those related to public security and order in the voivodship. Particular tasks arising from these functions are defined by special laws, endowing the voivode with appropriate legal means for implementing these tasks, including authoritative means.

Relief in Repayment of Non-Tax Budget Receivables Granted by Local Government Units

As of 28 April 2017, amended provisions of the Public Finance Act are in force regarding the granting of relief in repayment of monetary receivables of a civil-law nature falling to government administration bodies, state budgetary units and state customs funds (e.g., fees from the lease or rental of real estate, costs of court proceedings), and non-tax budgetary receivables of a public-law nature (fines imposed by way of a penalty ticket, fines, administrative fees). The amended provisions of the Public Finance Act: with respect to civil law debts, they clearly specify when debts may be written off ex officio and when at the debtor’s request (Article 57), and they unify the premises for granting preferences in repayment of debts, which are general clauses: “important interest of the debtor” and “public interest.” The Act provides for the possibility to write off part of a debt, postpone repayment dates of all or part of a debt, or spread payment of all or part of a debt in installments – if justified by social or economic reasons, particularly the debtor’s ability to pay. Since the application of these reliefs will have a more lenient effect on the State Treasury, the body granting the relief will be able to rely on grounds other than full write-off, such as social or economic reasons, e.g. the debtor’s limited ability to pay.

Is the European Charter of Local Self-Government an Effective Instrument for the Protection of Local Autonomy in Poland?

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine whether the European Charter of Local Self-Government is, in practice, an effective instrument for the protection of the autonomy of local government in Poland, as well as well as to define the contribution of the Polish case law and administrative practice to the understanding of the principles of the Charter. The importance of the subject is strengthened by the political context. For many years, Poland was considered a model country safeguarding extensive local autonomy. Recently, however, recentralization trends have emerged in government policies. Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on the qualitative and quantitative empirical research of the case law and administrative practice with elements of doctrinal analysis.Findings: The Charter is present in the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal (22 judgments), administrative courts (166), and public administration bodies supervising local governments (49). The number is high compared to other CoE countries. The administrative courts seem to be more eager to adjudicate in favour of local governments in the cases in which the Charter is referred to.Academic contribution to the field: A specific Polish input to the application of the Charter is the frequent use of the principle of proportionality in the supervision of local governments, which serves the courts as a perfect tool for resolving ‘hard cases’ between the local government and central administration bodies. In several important judgments, Article 11 concerning the judicial protection of local governments was invoked to effectively strike down the law limiting the local governments’ access to court in specific cases.Practical implications: The research may be useful for local government representatives in formulating their litigation strategies, especially in legal disputes with central authorities.Originality/value: This research is the first all-embracing empirical research of the application of the Charter in a country’s legal practice. It shows original ways of the practical use of the Charter not described in the literature so far.

System elektronicznego zarządzania dokumentacją EZD PUW a wewnętrzne normatywy regulujące zarządzanie dokumentacją w jednostkach administracji samorządowej i rządowej w terenie (2011–2021). Wybrane aspekty

Artykuł zawiera sprawozdanie z badań dotyczących funkcjonowania systemu Elektronicznego Zarządzania Dokumentacją Podlaskiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego (dalej EZD PUW), który jest drugim pod względem liczby wdrożeń systemem typu EZD w administracji publicznej w Polsce. Celem badań było ustalenie, w jaki sposób wprowadzenie do stosowania EZD PUW wpływa na działanie registratury w urzędzie, obieg dokumentów oraz sposoby załatwiania i dokumentowania spraw. Tekst składa się z części wprowadzającej, omówienia metody gromadzenia i analizy materiałów źródłowych oraz prezentacji wyników w dwóch ujęciach – dla jednostek, które wskazały system tradycyjny jako podstawowy sposób dokumentowania przebiegu załatwiania i rozstrzygania spraw oraz dla urzędów, które za główny system zarządzania dokumentacją uznały EZD. Badaniem objęto 163 urzędy administracji samorządowej i rządowej w terenie, które w latach 2011–2022 wprowadziły do stosowania system EZD PUW. W grupie tej znalazły się 133 urzędy miejskie, gminne oraz miejsko-gminne, 32 starostwa powiatowe, 13 urzędów wojewódzkich oraz 5 urzędów marszałkowskich. Autor przeanalizował odpowiedzi udzielone w ankiecie skierowanej do wytypowanych urzędów oraz udostępnione przez respondentów normatywy wewnętrzne dotyczące zarządzania dokumentacją elektroniczną, będące suplementem do podstawowych instrukcji kancelaryjno-archiwalnych wymaganych przez przepisy prawa. Badanie pokazało niejednorodność regulacji wewnętrznych dotyczących wdrożenia systemu EZD PUW i jego funkcjonowania w poszczególnych urzędach, zarówno w wypadku pełnego wprowadzenia elektronicznego obiegu dokumentów, jak i rozwiązań hybrydowych. Zdaniem autora, ta różnorodność rozwiązań przekłada się na heterogeniczność funkcjonowania urzędów i dokumentowania ich działalności, co w obszarze działania administracji publicznej jest zjawiskiem niepożądanym. Wskazano dwie główne przyczyny takiego stanu rzeczy. Pierwsza to obowiązywanie – nieprzystających do obecnych rozwiązań stosowanych w biurowości elektronicznej – przepisów państwowych z 2011 r. regulujących organizację biurowości administracji publicznej w Polsce. Drugą jest nieadekwatna do współczesnych potrzeb kancelarii elektronicznej polityka nadzoru nad narastającym zasobem archiwalnym prowadzona przez archiwa państwowe. Do artykułu załączono dwa aneksy zawierające wykazy wewnętrznych regulacji wpływających na postępowanie z dokumentacją. The EZD PUW electronic records management system vs. internal norms governing records management in local and state government units in the field (2011–2021). Selected aspects The article is a report from a survey concerning operation of the Podlaskie Voivodship Office’s Electronic Documents Management system (hereinafter: EZD PUW), which is the second most implemented EDM- type system in public administration in Poland. The aim of the survey was to determine how the implementation of EZD PUW affects the operation of the Office’s registry, the workflow of documents and procedures for handling and documenting cases. The text comprises an introductory part, a discussion of the method of collecting and analysing source materials, and a presentation of the results divided into two perspectives – for the offices that indicated the traditional system as their primary method of documenting the course of handling and resolving cases, and for those offices that recognized the EDM system as their main documentation management environment. The survey covered 163 offices of self- government and government administration units, which implemented the EZD PUW system in 2011–2022. The group included 133 Municipal Offices (urban, rural and mixed), 32 County Offices, 13 Voivodship Offices and five Marshal’s Offices. The author analysed responses to a survey addressed to the selected offices, as well as the internal regulations, provided by the respondents, determining procedures for management of electronic records, supplementary to the basic office and archival manuals required by law. The survey revealed lack of uniformity of internal regulations regarding the implementation of the EZD PUW system and its operation in individual offices, both in case of implementation of fully electronic document workflow and in case of hybrid solutions. According to the researcher, such diversity of solutions translates into heterogeneity in the operation of offices themselves as well as in the documentation of their activities. According to the author, such a situation is undesirable in the field of public administration operations. Two main reasons for this state of affairs were indicated. The first is the applicability of the 2011 framework state regulations governing the organization of clerical work in public administration in Poland, which are not adapted to the current electronic office solutions. The second is the supervision policy on the part of the state archives with regard to the growing archival resource, inadequate to modern needs of an electronic chancellery. There are two appendices to the article , containing lists of internal regulations affecting the handling of records.

Akty wewnętrzne w samorządowych ustawach ustrojowych

The subject of the article is the issue of internal acts issued by self-governing bodies on the basis of authorizations contained in the local government laws. The article is of a scientific and research nature. In the scope related to its area, it includes the analysis of the applicable normative material and jurisprudence of administrative courts. The article focuses on internal acts from self-governing bodies issued on the basis of authorizations under local government laws. Internal acts of law in administrative law occupy an important position, both as a category of sources of administrative law and when discussing legal forms of administration. The justification for taking up the issue of internal acts issued by self-governing bodies is the pursuit of a broader understanding of legislative activity that goes beyond the issue of the acts of local law. Internal acts in administrative law are often discussed from the perspective of acts originating from government administration bodies. This observation also justifies considering in the indicated area. The aim of the conducted research is to: find out about the legal nature of internal acts issued by self-governing bodies on the basis of authorizations contained in local government laws; presentation of legal regulations and jurisprudence of administrative courts, as well as postulates de lege ferenda on the admissibility of supervision measures against internal acts in the form of ordinances of the commune head (starost, voivodeship marshal); drawing attention to the impact of internal acts on external entities. The considerations presented in the article may be a contribution to a broader and in-depth scientific reflection on the specification of the category of internal acts originating from self-governing bodies within internal acts. The criterion for distinguishing such a group is not only the category of the entity, but the conclusions indicated in the article referring in particular to the non-uniform legal nature of self-government internal acts and the legitimacy of supervising and controlling each internal act.

Recentralization in the Local Government – a Case-Based Analysis of Criteria

The subject of this article is recentralisation in local government. The aim of the study is to formulate and define the scope of the term “recentralization,” as well as an attempt to identify its criteria and effects concerning the functioning of the local government and meeting the needs of its residents. The starting point for discussion is the definition of the concept of recentralisation. The theoretical analysis was supported by the interpretation of the provisions that transfer competences from the decentralised structure to the central government administration bodies and justifications for the proposed changes. The effect of the conducted research is conclusions concerning the evaluation of the practice of recentralising local government’s tasks.

Post-COVID green supply chain management of used products: a study towards awareness for vaccination.

In the era of digital media, there is rapid spread of information. During coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic situation, the government and other administrative bodies were highly dependent on media outlets, as direct contact was not feasible. Visual communication tools are used to spread awareness and encourage people towards vaccination. The circulation of wrong information may lead to confusion, which may cause denying the vaccine. There was a need to know the extent for contribution of visual communication tools for spreading correct information and motivating the society towards vaccination in post COVID times. In the present study, survey questionnaires were framed specific to which media (print or digital) was more effective to deliver the correct information to the targeted audience. The present study objectives to answer the questions through a survey of 312 people of different age groups, and the data was collected about their families. The obtained data was tested through hypothesis, and fact-checked was performed adopting analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results from the study highlighted that different age groups prefer different mediums of communication. The reach and adoption of digital media have tremendously increased, and it helped to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by efficient green supply chain management (GSCM) of daily plastic and paper wastage during post-pandemic.

EVOLUTION OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN POLISH CONSTITUTIONS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The review article was devoted to the publication of Marek Klimek entitled “Local government in the constitutions of Poland of the 20th century. Selected political and political aspects ”. Despite the time limit of the 20th century adopted in the title of the monograph, the reader will find a concise approach to the constitutional regulations of the 18th (the law on cities as an integral part of the Constitution of May 3, 1791) and the 19th century (the constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw, constitutions of the Kingdom of Poland or the constitutions of the Republic of Krakow). The publication of M. Klimek, concerns regulations relating to local self-government from the political and political perspective. In the first part, the author characterized the concept and essence of local government, the role of the constitution in the regulation of local government law, and constitutional regulations concerning local government before the 20th century in Poland. Then the constitution of March 17, 1921, the systemic transformations of the local government after the May coup and the amendment to the constitution, as well as the 1935 constitution were discussed. Going further, there is an analysis of the local administration in the years 1944-1950 and an overview of the constitution of the Polish People’s Republic of 1952 and its amendments. The last part of the monograph describes the “little constitution” of 1992 and the constitution of April 2, 1997. The evolution of constitutional solutions has been shown against the background of general political and system transformations. In particular, an attempt was made to define the place of local self-government in the regulations of the 20th century constitution in Poland; how they defined the place of self-government in the entire system of public administration in the state; how was his legal subjectivity referred to; how its structure and tasks were determined; how his relations with government administration bodies were regulated; what impact did foreign system solutions have on the constitutional local government regulations in Poland; what place for self-government was envisaged in the state system during the various stages of its evolution in the 20th century.

Selected aspects of ensuring energy security in the municipality

In a modern democratic state, it is fully justified that local governments influence on energy policy. The most serious reasons for municipalities to pursue their energy policy include implementing principles such as decentralization, subsidiarity, autonomy, and independence by local governments. It should be remembered that local governments are public authorities acting to meet the local communities’ needs. In the Polish institutional conditions, local governments may be jointly responsible for the national energy policy only if they can create local energy policy based on their energy potential. Bearing in mind the above, the relationship between the local energy policy and the national energy policy is different for each commune, depending on a given territorial unit’s specific conditions. The specificity and quality of these relationships are also determined by the municipal authorities, which can approach the policies they create strategically or rely on improvisation. In the first case, local governments plan and implement specific activities that make up the energy policy process, while in the second case, they wait for the activity and involvement of government administration bodies.

Supervision and Control over the Activities of Public Benefit Organizations in the Aspect of Centralization

The main aim of this article is to look at supervision and control of public benefit organizations in Poland regarding to civil society organizations in Europe and the national supervisory systems relevant to these organizations. Also considered is the legal system in the UE, which provides recommendations for NGOs operating in its Member States. This text focuses on changes in the supervision and control over the activities of public benefit organizations in the aspect of centralization in Poland, resulting from the powers of new government administration bodies, including in particular the entitlements of the Head of the Public Benefit Committee. The aim of the research is to present and analyse the current legal solutions in the field of supervision and control over public benefit organizations in Poland and to compare the legal status with the situation before the fundamental amendment to the Act on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work.

The The Role of Public Order Regulations as Acts of Local Law in the Performance of Tasks in the Field of Public Security by Local Self-government in Poland

The subject of the article are the issues concerning the enactment by local self-government bodies in Poland of a special category of acts of local law, i.e. public order regulations. Public order regulations belong to the sources of universally binding law in Poland. Not only government administration bodies, but also local self-government may adopt them. By means of public order regulations, such values as: life, health, property of citizens, environment, public order, peace and public security are protected. The status of public order regulations in the Polish legal order, which are bodies of local self-government units to protect the life or health of citizens and to ensure public order, peace and security, is not the subject to clear legislation or consent among scholars in the field and in relevant case-law. Therefore, the aim of the article is to determine the legal status of local law acts in the form of public order regulations in Poland and to define their role in the performance of tasks in the field of public security by local self-government. The author refers also to relevant legal solutions applicable in other member states of the Visegrad Group. The main thesis of the article is a statement that acts of local law in the form of public order regulations are a desirable manifestation of the law-making decentralisation of the state, which is necessary for the effective performance of tasks in the field of public security by local self-government bodies.

Objęcie zakresem kontroli poselskiej fundacji Skarbu Państwa

In the opinion of the author, Deputies have the right to exercise their powers of control over government and local government administration bodies pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Exercise of the Member’s and Senator’s Mandate. The author points herein to companies with the State Treasury’s shareholding, state and local government establishments and enterprises as well as social organisations and non-state economy units. The analysed regulations do not explicitly name foundations among these entities. On the other hand, the subjective scope of Deputy’s control covers State Treasury foundations established on the basis of statutes, and the scope of control of State Treasury foundations is determined by the contents of binding statutory rules and internal statutes of such foundations.

Organizational preparation of central public administration bodies to manage the implementation of defense tasks. Part II. Organization of administrative offices of the supreme government administration bodies for the coordination of defense tasks

The second part of the report on the research on the organizational preparation of administrative offices supporting the supreme government administration bodies in the implementation of defense tasks is devoted to the characteristics and assessment of the organization of organizational units of administrative offices supporting the Council of Ministers, the prime minister, and the ministers managing government administration departments. The extensive nature of tasks in this matter and, consequently, the responsibility for their implementation resting on the Council of Ministers, the prime minister and ministers, is the basis for assessing the current state of organization of the administrative governments serving these bodies. Already in the Constitution and in ordinary acts, the role of the Council of Ministers and the prime minister were appreciated, with less attention being paid to ministers and heads of government administration departments. After 2010, the legal conditions for ensuring a uniform organizational and substantively competent structure of administrative offices in terms of defense, and more broadly also national security, were even worse. Only after 2016, and especially starting from 2019, hopeful organizational changes took place in this matter. And all this in view of the apparent lack of appropriate regulations in the field of defense law. The research leads to the conclusion that a holistic approach to national security issues, including national defense, is necessary to recognize the criteria of necessary legal and organizational changes to achieve planning, organizational, coordination, and control capabilities of the supreme government administration bodies in the field of defense.

Insurance Protection of Soldiers in Missions and Operations Outside the Country

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the essence of health insurance and the consequences of unfortunate events of soldiers participating in missions and operations outside the country. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study will show the basic definitions of insurance, then the missions and operation will be presented in which soldiers of the Polish Army took or take part. Findings: . The article also shows the currently applicable system of benefits and receivables due to soldiers in the event of accident or illness in connection with service in the Polish Military Contingents, as well as the author’s own (pilot) research carried out in the 15th Gizycko Mechanized Brigade. Practical Implications: Research results can be used by relevant state authorities, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces to create an insurance policy for soldiers directed to carry out tasks under operations outside the country, as expected. Originality/Value: The issue of insurance of soldiers participating in missions outside the country remained outside the area of scientific interest and was treated by decision-makers subjectively. In the event of damage to health, the benefit paid did not guarantee the recovery of the soldier’s life skills. The proposed model includes the inclusion of government administration bodies to bear the costs of soldiers’ insurance protection, as well as each mission participant individually.