Kashmir Government Research Articles

Exploring The Advantages and Obstacles of Mobile Governance in Kashmir a Comprehensive Study

Mobile governance (m-Governance) has emerged as a new paradigm for governance in many countries, including India. This study investigates the benefits and barriers of m-governance in the context of Jammu and Kashmir. The study used an analytical and documentary method to reach at conclusion. The findings suggest that m-governance has the potential to enhance citizen engagement and participation, increase transparency and accountability, and improve service delivery. The study also highlights several barriers that hinder the effective implementation of m-governance, including the lack of technological infrastructure and expertise, low literacy rates, and limited access to mobile devices and network connectivity, particularly in rural areas. Furthermore, the study identified concerns related to data privacy and security as a significant challenge to the adoption of m-governance. The study recommends that policymakers should take a holistic approach to m-governance by addressing the barriers and challenges while leveraging the benefits of mobile technology. The study recommends that the government should prioritize the establishment of technological infrastructure, providing digital literacy programs, and strengthening data protection laws to address citizens' privacy concerns. The study concludes that m-governance has the potential to transform the governance landscape in Jammu and Kashmir by improving transparency, accountability, and service delivery, but it requires a collaborative effort from policymakers, government officials, citizens, and private stakeholders to overcome the barriers and harness its full potential.

The Role and Awareness of E- Governance in Kashmir A Study of Kupwara District

Situated at a distance of 90 kms from Srinagar, Kupwara, a Kashmir Valley frontier district, has lush forests and a diverse wildlife. This makes it important for tourism and wildlife. The NIC centre established E-Government in 1996. In 2004, community information centres were established in each Kupwara block, bringing egovernance to the rural masses. E-Government is the process of modernising traditional governance to better serve citizens and run government using ICT applications. Digital governance, leadership, delivery, investment, and transparency are all new concepts. Good governance requires e-Governance. A wide range of organisations around the world are implementing e-governance initiatives to better serve their constituents. Changing with the times, the District Kupwara administration has implemented egovernment in various departments for better and faster delivery of goods and services to their citizens. The goal of e-governance is to improve governance. The present aim of the study is to investigate the role of administration of district Kupwara for implementing e- governance for residents and its level of awareness and challenges among the citizens of Kupwara district

Will you listen to us?: A study highlighting the voice of Kashmiri youth to understand what influences their moral decision making

The world today faces varying forms of crises in every country – be it the global pandemic, religious conflict, or political instability. The impact of such crises is evident in learning spaces and lived experiences of youth in conflict regions. In this presentation, I highlight the influence of conflict and an unstable education system on the moral decision-making of Kashmiri youth. Based on a phenomenological framework and narrative methodology, preliminary findings from interviews on the experiences and opinions of Kashmiri youth, indicate that young people are leaving Kashmir in search of better education and a safer space to express themselves freely. The participants in my study highlight the impact of religion and biased governance in Kashmir that have exacerbated the social challenges faced by the youth. Echoing the findings of similar conflict studies, the Kashmiri youth emphasise that the discouraging education system, an uncertain future, and lack of avenues to express themselves have led to the active participation of youth in the fight for freedom and peace. There is added agitation in the youth due to their disconnect with the rest of the country and world. Studies suggest that educational instability and prolonged exposure to violence influence moral decision-making of youth (Ahad et al., 2019; Majumdar, 2019; Zucchelli & Ugazio, 2019). This research foregrounds the otherwise marginalised and silenced perspectives and voice of Kashmir’s youth. I suggest implications of this study for youth in other conflict regions.

The Role and Awareness of E- Governance in Kashmir A Study of Kupwara District

Situated at a distance of 90 kms from Srinagar, Kupwara, a Kashmir Valley frontier district, has lush forests and a diverse wildlife. This makes it important for tourism and wildlife. The NIC centre established E-Government in 1996. In 2004, community information centres were established in each Kupwara block, bringing e-governance to the rural masses. E-Government is the process of modernising traditional governance to better serve citizens and run government using ICT applications. Digital governance, leadership, delivery, investment, and transparency are all new concepts. Good governance requires e- Governance. A wide range of organisations around the world are implementing egovernance initiatives to better serve their constituents. Changing with the times, the District Kupwara administration has implemented e-government in various departments for better and faster delivery of goods and services to their citizens. The goal of egovernance is to improve governance. The present aim of the study is to investigate the role of administration of district Kupwara for implementing e- governance for residents and its level of awareness and challenges among the citizens of Kupwara district.

Political and Social Struggle of Ghazi-e-Millat Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Freedom of Kashmir

Although a few research studies are available on the Kashmir, Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Freedom Movement of Kashmir and the establishment of Azad Kashmir Government. In this paper, an attempt has made to study and analyze the role of Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan in the Freedom Movement of Kashmir, especially in the Establishment of Azad Kashmir Government. Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan led the country during an era when the entire subcontinent was enslave by the British Empire. He has emerged as a national leader who has brought the nation together. On 19 July 1947, he passed a resolution of Accession with Pakistan. Because of his political and social struggle on 24 October 1947 a massive area became independent and announce the revolutionary government of Azad Kashmir.

Book review: Aijaz A. Wani, What Happened to Governance in Kashmir?

Aijaz A. Wani, What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019), 387 pp.

Statement of Facts on Gilgit,hunza, Nagar, Yasin, Ponial, Chitral and Skardu – Rightfully India’s

Gilgit, Hunza, Nagar, Yasin, Ponial, Chitral and Skardu have from times immemorial formed integral parts of the State of Jammu and Kashmir. These places have Pakistan Government nominating representatives to Pakistan’s ‘Majilis-i-Shora’. This was obviously a move to annex and merge these parts with Northern part of Pakistan. Pakistan has been maintaining that these areas had always been under the direct administration of the then British Government and Kashmir Government had never exercised control over these areas.

An Interdependence of Materials, Teaching Practices & Policy: A Study

A global language equalizes ones potential to learn knowledge, gain wisdom & share thoughts across boundaries (a quality of a universal citizen) depends more likely on quality language-learning oriented textbook materials. The teacher who makes learning process smooth requires adequate materials and this fundamental need is an only right direction for every teacher & learner. In order to provide accurate materials, methodologies, dynamic language learning tasks, English language teaching (ELT) a unique discipline has been maintaining unprecedented rank globally since decades. The ELT researches have been gifting the huge number of outcome based tasks with appropriate intrigue for learner’s age, background and helping slow learners to become fast learners. Subsequently worth materials makes it conceivable to think language ability can be developed among learners by English teachers within a decided time. On the contrary, it may be a failure of language policy (itself) without emphasizing on appealing instructional materials and longing for simple second language learning process just by offering English instructional medium. Undoubtedly, the instructional language course material is a backbone of teaching intending to accomplish objectives associated with overall learning development. With this attention, this paper provides an in-depth study of a phenomenon reflecting total sphere encompassing the education system. It depicts the interdependence of course materials & teaching system along with the impacts of inadequate materials, methods, practices with reference to Jammu and Kashmir Government schools. The data has been gathered through the survey and data analysis was done with the help of descriptive statistics.

Analyzing Government’s Role in Secondary Education in border district of Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir, the northern-most border state of India, is one the educationally backward states of the country. For educational upliftment of the children, several centrally sponsored schemes have been started in the state including Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA) and Rashtriya Madhiyamik Shiksha Abhiyaan (RMSA), covering elementary and secondary education, respectively. The present paper seeks to understand the role of Jammu and Kashmir government in providing secondary education in the border district of Poonch which is situated in Jammu province close to the Line of Control (LoC) with Pakistan, through the Rashtriya Madhiyamik Shiksha Abhiyaan (RMSA) scheme. The paper would also analyze the challenges in its implementation and also suggest some measures for improving educational levels in Poonch.

Academic Anxiety among Reserved & Non-Reserved Category Senior Secondary School Students of Jammu Division

<p><strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Indian society constitutes minorities, schedule castes, schedule tribes, and other backward communities. In order to uplift them through different policies and plans Government of India in consultation with Jammu and Kashmir Government had kept them in reserved (SC,ST,OBC,RBA,ALC) & non-reserved (General/Open) category. Does students belonging to reserved & non-reserved category differ in terms of their academic anxiety has motivated the researcher to approach this problem.</p><p><strong>Aim</strong><strong>:</strong> The main objectives of the study were to find out the relationship between academic anxiety, intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups. To explore category (reserved & non-reserved) and gender (male & female) differences in academic anxiety, intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups and to find out significance of difference in the mean scores of academic anxiety among all comparative groups under study.</p><p><strong>Method</strong><strong>:</strong> A sample of 537 students including 329 reserved categories and 208 non-reserved category students aged between 14-18 years were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by administering self-constructed Academic Anxiety Scale bearing dependable validity and reliability, Standardised Group Test of Intelligence by DR. G.C. Ahuja. (2009) and Study Habits Inventory by DR. Lajwanti., N.P.S. Chandel., & A. Paliwal. (2013).</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> Academic anxiety was correlated with intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups under study. On an average students belonging to non-reserved category were higher in academic anxiety scores but were possessing better study habits than reserved categories students. In terms of academic anxiety’s mean score differences among all comparative groups under study, only reserved categories females were suffering more from academic anxiety than reserved categories males sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> More research on psychological health of reserved & non-reserved categories students especially in their socio-cultural and political context is needed so as to evolve effective and practical preventive measures.</p>

Education, conflict and development: A case study of mobile schools for pastoralists in Jammu and Kashmir

The education of pastoral communities has assumed much importance in the past few years keeping in view the fact that in the changing world orders and globalization, the acquisition of literacy and numeracy has become a felt need among the nomads. In Jammu and Kashmir, one of the border states of India, Gujjars and Bakkarwals are among the 12 tribes which have been accorded Schedule Tribe status. The Gujjars and Bakkarwal tribes are also the two tribes which form the third largest community in Jammu and Kashmir and constitute 8.1 percent of the total population in the state. Primarily nomadic communities, they move to the lower, middle and higher mountain ranges of Pir Panjal mountains in the summer with their cattle and come back to the plains in the winters. The literacy rate among these tribes is quite low and they are considered as educationally backward communities. The armed conflict in Jammu and Kashmir which has entered its 25 year has also impacted the education of the Gujjars and Bakkarwals and they have greatly been disadvantaged in educational matters. Efforts to educate them including the opening of Mobile Primary Schools (MPS) by the Jammu and Kashmir government have failed to register remarkable progress. Despite various interventions to expand access to education since independence, the nomadic pastoralist communities in J&K have largely been excluded from the meaningful educational processes. The present paper aims to study the impact of Mobile Primary Schools opened by the Jammu and Kashmir government for this nomadic population. It also aims to study the reasons for lack of access of basic education to these nomads while identifying major constraints that limit the provision of education to Gujjars and Bakkarwals. It would also recommend suitable strategies through which education could be provided to pastoral nomads which can help them lead better lives.

From self-sufficiency to dependence on imported food-grain in Leh District (Ladakh, Indian Trans-Himalaya)

For many centuries the population of Ladakh (Indian Trans-Himalaya) has led a self-reliant existence mainly based upon subsistence agriculture (self-sufficient in food-grainproduction), pastoralism and caravan trade. Since several decades, Leh District, a part ofLadakh, whose population is doubled from about 70000 in 1981 to 145000 in 2011, is nomore self-sufficient in food-grain production. To overcome the demand-supply imbalancea large quantity of rice and flour wheat is imported every year by traders, cooperatives andcentral government. However to be self-sufficient is an important issue for this landlocked territory which has not trade restrictions but severe constraint in transportation.Importing goods to Ladakh necessitates the shipping of goods by truck across theHimalayas, with passes as high as 5300 m, covering the distance of Manali to Leh (480 km)or Srinagar to Leh (420 km) will takes about three days. By plain is only one hour of flybut cargo airfares are very costly.The stocking of the essential items, like food grains, inLadakh, by the Jammu and Kashmir government, is an annual practice ahead of harshwinters which cuts off by road, for seven-height months, the twin districts of Leh andKargil from the rest of the country. Filling the gap between the required quantity to feedthe growing population and the quantity locally produced can be a difficult task in thishigh altitude cold desert region. Quantifying those “needs” helps developing policy andprogrammatic decision in regard to the local food security problem. In this study, the LehDistrict dependence on imported food-grain is investigated and results are presented asImport Dependency Ratio (IDR) in 2012 and the expected value in 2025.

Assessment of indoor radon doses received by the students in the Azad Kashmir schools, Pakistan

Several epidemiological studies conducted on thousands of underground miners suggest that long- term exposure to high radon concentration can increase the risk of lung cancer. Keeping in view the importance of the subject, numerous studies throughout the world have been carried out to measure indoor radon concentration and its resulting doses at occupational and non-occupational sites. The purpose of the current study was to measure indoor radon concentration and its resulting doses received by the students of Azad Kashmir government schools. For this purpose, CR-39 radon detectors were installed in 80 carefully selected schools. The detectors were placed at a height of 3-5 ft. (depending upon average height of students in particular class) from the ground. After exposure of 90 d detectors were etched for 9 h in 6 M NaOH at 70°C and the observed track densities were related to radon concentrations. The measured indoor radon concentration ranged from 22 ± 9 to 228 ± 3 Bq m(-3) with a mean value of 78 ± 5 Bq m(-3). Based on the measured indoor radon data, the annual effective doses were found to vary from 0.55 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.03 mSv y(-1). The overall mean effective dose for the studied area was found to be 0.63 ± 0.04 mSv y(-1). Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are lower than ICRP recommended limits for workplaces.

Kashmir's Secessionist Movement Resurfaces: Ethnic Identity, Community Competition, and the State

The May 2008 Jammu & Kashmir government's decision to transfer 99 acres of land to a Hindu shrine reignited the Kashmiri nationalist movement. This essay argues that Kashmiri ethnonationalist aspirations remain entrenched among the Valley's Muslim population and that electoral participation is no guarantee of attenuated ethnonationalist demands.

Magher Singh and Others v. Principal Secretary of the Jammu and Kashmir Government.

States — Sovereignty of — Partition of India — Accession of Indian Ruler to the Dominion of India — Lapse of Paramountcy — External, Internal and Residuary Sovereignty.

Jammu and Kashmir Government. Rules of business and procedure (Legislative Assembly). (Jammu: The Ranbir Government Press. 2009 [i.e. 1952]. Pp. 40.)

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