Gould's Work Research Articles

Writers and Rebels: The Literature of Insurgency in the Caucasus by Rebecca Gould

Reviewed by: Writers and Rebels: The Literature of Insurgency in the Caucasus by Rebecca Gould Ian Lanzillotti (bio) Rebecca Gould, Writers and Rebels: The Literature of Insurgency in the Caucasus ( New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016). 352 pp., ill. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. ISBN: 978-0-300-20064-5. The works of indigenous writers of the Caucasus have been neglected in studies of literary representations of the region. Rather, scholars have focused on the works of Russian writers and the place of the Caucasus in the Russian literary imagination.1 Rebecca Gould's Writers and Rebels explores the aestheticization of violence across multiple Caucasus literatures of insurgency, and places these literatures in conversation with each other. Drawing on fluency in Arabic, Chechen, Georgian, and Russian, Gould has written the first major comparative study of the literatures of the Caucasus. Similarly impressive, and rare for a Western scholar, Gould draws on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the North Caucasus. Gould's work also impresses in its ability to breakdown the disciplinary and geographic barriers that have constrained Caucasus studies. While an emphasis on anti-colonial resistance has dominated Caucasus studies, the ways in which literature and its aesthetics of violence shaped the interpretive frameworks of people in the region have largely been ignored (and this applies to Eurasian studies more broadly). To the extent that scholarship on the Caucasus engages with literature, it is usually viewed as a reflection of politics. Gould's interdisciplinary approach to the region, which draws on insights from subaltern studies, aesthetic theory, literary theory, post-structuralism, and Western Marxism, reveals the ways in which texts "giv[e] birth to new ways of conceiving political life" (P. 23). Caucasus studies has also been characterized by a tendency to see the North and South Caucasus in isolation from each other. In focusing on works of Georgian literature that have taken anti-colonial resistance in North Caucasus as their subject and highlighting how Georgian writers contributed to the aestheticization of violence in their writings in ways that parallel the work of [End Page 327] Chechen writers, Gould helps break down this artificial scholarly divide. More than covering an understudied literary history, Gould contributes to the study of anti-colonial violence by adopting the methods of literary anthropology, which uses literature to understand culture and social life. While most studies of anti-colonial violence have asked why anti-state actors turn to violence, Gould explores "the literary and aesthetic question of why and how anticolonial violence mesmerizes and mobilizes religious sensibilities" (P. 7). Gould argues that it is through these questions that we can better understand "how violence can become a viable – and often the only – modality of social existence, and of resistance, in societies ravaged by colonial and neocolonial rule" (P. 7). For Gould, it is through "the repetition and performance of [anti-colonial] violence in cultural production" that violence becomes aestheticized and, ultimately, attractive (P. 6). This understanding of how literary representations of violence become part of cultural memory offers a new way of answering the question so often asked by political scientists of the Caucasus and Eastern Europe: Why do some conflicts persist while others dissipate? Transgressive sanctity is the conceptual framework that undergirds Gould's examination of the aestheticization of violence in Caucasus literatures of insurgency. Transgressive sanctity is the sacralization of rebellion through "transgression against an externally imposed legal order" that has not yet become hegemonic and is seen as illegitimately imposed. According to Gould, "the transgressive act [results] in the altering of local legal, aesthetic, and ethical norms" (P. 3). Transgressive sanctity emerged as a means of challenging colonial governmentality in the wake of the defeat of Imam Shamil and his theocratic anti-colonial state after more than twenty-five years of resistance to Russian rule. At this point, hope was lost for successful anti-colonial resistance and there was a vacuum of authority caused by the destruction of the indigenous legal system and the rejection of the externally imposed colonial order. In this context, the abrek – the precolonial socialbandit-turned-sacred-warrior – defended indigenous communal values from colonialism by "craft[ing] an alternative ethical system" (P. 7). The abrek did this "by violating an external...

The Counterpoints of Glenn Gould and Edward Said

Abstract Two of Edward Said's several writings about pianist and writer Glenn Gould are titled “Glenn Gould, the Virtuoso as Intellectual” and “The Music Itself: Glenn Gould's Contrapuntal Vision.” In Musical Elaborations, Said refers to the need for new attempts “to devise modes of articulating musical activity” in relation to “the social and cultural setting.” Gould's work offered Said what he recognized to be productive efforts—particularly Gould's explorations of “counterpoint”—toward that end. During a major phase of Said's work in which he explored “counterpoint” for “a different kind of reading and interpretation” that might support progressive social and cultural change, he pursued a course seemingly compatible with a theme of “intellectual liberation and critique” he located in Gould's and his own work. In this article, I discuss Gould's work as influencing a major concern of Said's efforts between 1984 and 1993. However, I argue that in the performances and writings of Gould were signs of a skepticism about “humanism” that would have included Said's reform of “humanism in the name of humanism” and the future society either “humanism” imagined, signs that foreshadowed Said's eventual reconsiderations of “contrapuntal reading and interpretation” and the society to which they might contribute.

The neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography and Stephen Jay Gould

Neutral theory in ecology is based on the symmetry assumption that ecologically similar species in a community can be treated as demographically equivalent on a per capita basis—equivalent in birth and death rates, in rates of dispersal, and even in the probability of speciating. Although only a first approximation, the symmetry assumption allows the development of a quantitative neutral theory of relative species abundance and dynamic null hypotheses for the assembly of communities in ecological time and for phylogeny and phylogeography in evolutionary time. Although Steve Gould was not a neutralist, he made use of ideas of symmetry and of null models in his science, both of which are fundamental to neutral theory in ecology. Here I give a brief overview of the current status of neural theory in ecology and phylogeny and, where relevant, connect these newer ideas to Gould's work. In particular, I focus on modes of speciation under neutrality, particularly peripheral isolate speciation, and their implications for relative species abundance and species life spans. Gould was one of the pioneers in the study of neutral models of phylogeny, but the modern theory suggests that at least some of the conclusions from these early neutral models were premature. Modern neutral theory is a remarkably rich source of new ideas to test in ecology and paleobiology, the potential of which has only begun to be realized.

Locating the Artist in Thirty Two Short Films about Glenn Gould

Par une analyse du portrait complexe de l'excentrique pianiste et compositeur, Glenn Gould, que François Girard brosse dans Thirty Two Short Films about Glenn Could, l'auteur étudie cette icône nationale à la lumière des images multiples et contradictoires qui existent à l'intérieur du film et en à parallèle avec l'œuvre. Girard questionne les concepts de biographie, de documentaire et de fiction tout en suggérant que la valeur culturelle de Gould est produite à la fois par des institutions comme le Canadian Broadcasting Corporation et par un réseau de relations entre la culture des médias globaux et la spécificité de l'espace, du lieu, du travail et des notions de valeur.

Sex in advertising: perspectives on the erotic appeal

* SEX in Advertising: Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal. Tom Reichert and Jacqueline Lambiase, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.294 pp. $65 hbk. $29.95 pbk. Reichert and Lambiase have assembled a collection that offers a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches to understanding the broad issues of sex in advertising and marketing, arguing that while sexuality may be prevalent in the contemporary communication marketplace, research seeking to bolster understandings of if and how it affects marketers' interactions with consumers and the culture is not. This text seeks to address that scarcity through this diverse overview of the research that has been done and suggestions of areas for further research and theory development book is divided into four sections dealing with research approaches, consumer responses, cultural impacts, and advertising audiences and contexts. In particular, Part I offers a valuable review of the consumer-behavior, social-science, historical, and psychological research analyzing sex in advertising. Chapters in Part II offer excellent models of the types of research approaches to studying consumer interactions with sexually laden advertisements. LaTour and Henthorne's review of their research dealing with arousal and brand awareness, Nudity and Sexual Appeals: Understanding the Arousal Process and Advertising Response, and Lang, Wise, Lee, and Cai's details of their experimental research involving sexual images on billboard advertising, The Effects of Sexual Appeals on Physiological, Cognitive, Emotional, and Attitudinal Responses for Product and Alcohol Billboard Advertising, would be most useful for advanced undergraduate or graduate students who are seeking methodological models of empirical research as well as information on sex-related advertising. Other chapters offer interesting examples of more qualitative approaches; for example, see Gould's work with advertising lovemaps, Toward A Theory of Advertising Lovemaps in Marketing Communications, and Schroeder and Borgerson's critical and cultural-studies analysis of the fetishism present in the Absolut Vodka campaign, Dark Desires: Fetishism, Ontology, and Representation in Contemporary Advertising. book's primary strength lies in its inclusiveness. Readers of the text will be reminded that research involving sex and advertising may involve far more than a content analysis of female body displays or textual innuendos in magazine spreads or TV commercials. Apart from the varieties of methodological approaches noted above, the book includes overviews of issues of advertising and sexuality that study the presentation of males as well as females and heterosexuality and homosexuality. Traditional and emerging media of advertising and marketing, such as online and Internet advertising, are addressed. …

Why specific design is not the mark of the adaptational

Andrews et al.'s analysis suffers from a series of conceptual confusions they inherit from Gould's work. Their proposal that adaptations can be distinguished from exaptations essentially by specific design criteria fails because exaptations are often maintained and secondarily adapted by natural selection and therefore, over evolutionary time, can come to have similar levels of design specificity to adaptations.

To Die in This Way: Nicaraguan Indians and the Myth of Mestizaje, 1880-1965 (review)

To Die in This Way: Nicaraguan Indians and Myth of Mestizaje, 1880-1965. JEFFREY L. GOULD. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1998; 305 pp. Reviewed by JAMES QUESADA San Francisco State University To Die in This Way is an exquisite ethnohistorical description and analysis not only of how local, regional, and national forces and dynamics shaped local identities and popular ideas, but also produced constituencies. These constituencies-Indians, ladinos, landlords, intellectuals, workers, politicos-have continued to produce and reproduce myths and rationales that, however unevenly, contribute to very continuities of tensions and fractures lines that are rooted in nineteenth century. Gould describes individual indigenous communities according to how varied local social and political forces shaped specific identities that diverge regionally from one another, which in sum calls into question conventional notions of Indianness. Gould's work provides a foundation for understanding current patchwork of class, inter-ethnic, and ideological antagonisms in Nicaragua. In To Die in This Way Gould argues that there are no longer Indians in western Nicaragua while simultaneously exploring just what indigenous identity consists of today. This is no small feat considering he must contend with dominant myth of mestizaje which has forged a homogenizing nationalist discourse based on extinction of Central and Pacific region indigenas. Gould does this without succumbing to a salvage project of finding real Indians grounded on essentialist notions of authenticity. Gould closely examines three indigenous communities (Comunidades Indiginas) and provides a finely textured history of each while eschewing a totalizing explanation that overrides distinctive clusters and trajectories of power that shaped each community. His work provides a firm grounding for understanding how over time destruction, crippling, and survival of Indian communities refracts discursive and ideological assaults, along with land acquisitions, forced labor practices, and co-optation of indigenous organizations. The latter combined to alter significantly way not only non-Indians think of Indians, but how Indians think of themselves. Could begins by examining last major Indian uprising in western Nicaragua, in central highland municipality of Matagalpa. The eventual victory of civilization over barbarism is also credited as contributing to birth of the myth of Nicaragua mestiza (p. 38). The myth of mestizaje, whether curious biological melding of Indians with whites or transformation of Indians to mestizo cum ladino through culture loss and shifted loyalties, requires a sharp distinction be made between Indians and others that distorts actual relations that obtained between them. At time of uprising, Matagalpan Indians were religiously loyal to Jesuits as well as imbued with a protonationalist sentiment that included other Indians that allowed for tactical alliances with Liberal and Conservative factions. Such details run counter to a discourse of mestizaje that depicts Indian as barbarians, who impede progress, are lazy, wild, and unreliable. It is precisely variety of relations Comunidad Indigena forge and reforge to resist Liberal attacks on Comunidad itself that lead it to struggle in a manner that was ultimately constraining. In countering real and symbolic attacks, Comunidad entered into agreements and tactical alliances with nonIndian counter-hegemonic forces and in doing so, unwittingly, if not reluctantly accepted, or at least legitimized, a nationalist ideological logic that ultimately worked to undermine their very social and political integrity. If in Matagalpa Comunidad Indigena ultimately was splintered and increasingly ineffectual, it did survive. …

Carl F. Gould: a life in architecture and the arts

Architect Carl F. Gould (1873-1939) was one of the major shapers of modern Seattle. In the early part of the century he was responsible for some of the city's most distinguished homes and public buildings. He and his partner Charles Herbert Bebb developed the University of Washington campus plan and designed and executed many of its finest buildings, including the renowned Suzzallo Library and the Henry Art Gallery. Gould founded the university's Department of Architecture; was active in the Washington State Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Seattle Fine Arts Society (and its successor the Seattle Art Institute); and was a member of the city's first planning commission. In this first biography of Gould the architect, teacher, civic leader, and family man, authors T. William Booth and William H. Wilson trace his life and work during almost thirty years of architectural practice in Seattle. Utilizing numerous drawings held in family, university, and Seattle Art Museum collections, the authors explore the full range of Gould's work, from student Beaux-Arts projects to over 150 extant buildings, and other important though unbuilt projects. Gould's homes and commercial buildings are profusely illustrated. Booth and Wilson follow the evolution of Gould's ideas through his publications, lecture notes, correspondence, diaries, speeches, and public activities. Gould moved from New York to Seattle in 1908, when the city was undergoing vigorous expansion in population, industry, and civic awareness. Well traveled and educated, the 34-year-old Gould brought with him a cosmopolitan sensibility, a gregarious nature, a highly developed civic consciousness, and talent. In the first years of his practice, domestic structures in traditional style formed the major portion of his work. His noble interiors, naturally lighted and elegantly proportioned, remain among the most satisfactory of living spaces. Essentially a regionalist and traditionalist in the design of homes, in the last decade of his life Gould embraced modernism for commercial structures. These affirm his skill in utilizing new concepts and materials. His consummate achievement in the modern idiom was the Seattle Art Museum in Volunteer Park. This book explores Gould's intellectual and aesthetic commitment to ideas he considered essential to the life of architecture. He advocated the concept of beauty as fundamental in architecture, comprising elements of balance, site appropriateness, suitability for the client, generosity of spirit, and a human response of ease and delight in the entire architectural ensemble. Gould worked in the great age of the generalist--he concerned himself with site, landscape, and interior design as well as with the architectural envelope. Throughout his career he searched for elements of an American and regional style. This biography reviews Gould's life and career, capturing the setting in which he worked and thrived, and the vision and sense of obligation that supported his private and public actions.

Binomial convolutions and hypergeometric identities

By means of formal power series calculus, some new recurrences on the generating functions for the generalized Abel and Gould coefficients are derived from the Gould's work (1956–1961), which yield equivalently several convolution formulas of binomial coefficients. Alternatively, some of these can be verified either through a pair of relations due to Gould and Hsu (1973), from which some strange hypergeometric evaluations including one of Gessel and Stanton (1982) may be produced mechanically. By associating the binomial convolutions investigated in this paper with Whipple's transform (1926) on very well-poised series, a new family of the7F6-hypergeometric identities are established in a unified way.

Response to Van Rensselaer Potter, "Getting to the year 3000: can global bioethics overcome evolution's fatal flaw?

Van Rensselaer Potter's article is based on a scientific theory is stated as follows: [I]n pursuing perfect adaptation the evolutionary process has built into each member of the human an instinct for short-term gains. . [I]. This is evolution's fatal flaw. The article contains an argument over the causes of extinctions in which Potter pits his evidences from essential metabolites against Stephen J. Gould's work based on paleontological evidences [2]. Potter and Gould may disagree about what would be a sufficient causal account ofextinctions, but Gould would no doubt agree with the inference (with its elided premises) Potter draws, namely, that no prescient individual committee, religion, or private organization has so far been able to conceive or effect a cultural milieu could adequately balance the short-term instincts of human individuals with the long-range needs of the species [I]. This observation would be cast in different terms by different persons but would be supported by a large number of representatives from various scientific and social scientific disciplines, philosophical and religious traditions, journalism, and the general public. One does not need to agree with Potter's diagnosis to agree with his historical observation. Interestingly, the appeal Potter makes to restrain the effects of the fatal flaw is a cultural one, not a biological one. It is an appeal to recruit true believers to the goal of Global Bioethics. These believers would have knowledge, vision, and power to affect policy which will preserve the long-range interests of the in a way protects human freedom and dignity and preserves the natural environment. Potter does not propose a biological solution to what, if I understand him

Extensions of Vandermonde Type Convolutions with Several Summations and their Applications - II

In earlier papers [3] and [4] some Vandermonde type convolution identities with several summations were established which were the extensions of Gould's work that involved one summation. Furthermore, these identities were utilized to obtain some inverse series relations for functions of several variables. As a continuation, this paper deals with some further generalizations of Gould's work in [1] and [2].

Dr. Gould's Work in the Argentine Republic

WE have from time to time during the last fifteen years recorded the progress made by Dr. Gould in his stupendous work on the southern stars. He has now returned to the United States, and we are glad to be able to give an account of the reception he met with on his return. Rarely has such a reception been better deserved, and carried out as it was it did credit to science all the world over, as well as to the country and the man most closely interested.

Dr. Gould's Work at the Cordoba Observatory

Dr. Gould's Work at the Cordoba Observatory