Gossypol In Meal Research Articles

A new method of detoxification of cottonseed by means of mixed solvent extraction

AbstractFor several decades, scientists in the field of vegetable oils tried unsuccessfully to detoxify cottonseed by a practical method. By using 20‐30% (by wt) of ethyl alcohol (90% in vol) with commercial hexane as a mixed solvent, we were able to extract effectively both gossypol and oil from cottonseed prepressed cake or flakes. Free gossypol in meal was reduced to ca. 0.013‐0.04%; total gossypol was reduced to 0.32‐0.55%; residual oil was reduced to ca. 0.5% or less. Any aflatoxin present also can be eliminated by this process. The detoxified cottonseed meal can be used as animal feed. Cottonseed protein can be used to substitute for soy protein. The extracted oil is of better quality than that obtained by the usual hexane extraction method, and gossypol is a valuable byproduct.

Modified procedures for determination of gossypol pigments. II. Determination of free gossypol in low gossypol meals and of gossypol in oils

AbstractMuch of the «free» gossypol in meals of low free gossypol content consists of «soluble‐bound» gossypol. Addition of dilute hydrochloric acid reduces the optical densities of gossypol blanks in free and total gossypol calibrations and assays. The reductions in these optical densities were lower than expected in free gossypol assays on meals of lower free gossypol content. The soluble‐bound gossypol in these can be converted into gossypol by heating the extracts with dilute acid at 100C. This does not affect the optical densities of the nongossypol pigments, nor does it affect the optical densities obtained on heating with aniline. The procedure affords more accurate analyses for these meals. A similar modification has been developed for gossypol in oils.

Note on acetone‐soluble material in cottonseed meals

SummaryIn connection with a study of methods of eliminating traces of “free” gossypol from cottonseed meals a procedure for isolation of gossypol from the 70% acetone extracts of the meals by transfer to benzene solution has ben developed. A procedure is also given for quantitative determination of the isolated gossypol. Analysis of four samples of cooked cottonseed meats and meal by the method showed that in each instance substances other than gossypol are measured by the A.O.C.S. method for “free” gossypol in meals containing low concentrations of residual “free” gossypol. This procedure promises to provide another analytical tool for the study of residual material in processed cottonseed meal that causes egg discoloration when fed to laying hens.

Relationship Between Discolorations in Eggs and Dietary-Free Gossypol Supplied by Different Cottonseed Products

THERE is ample experimental evidence that two different components of cottonseed cause discolorations in egg yolks. One, whose identity is not known, causes “pink” albumen as well as “reddish-brown” or “orange” yolks. The other causes discolorations commonly called “olive-green.”The appearance of olive-colored yolks in eggs laid by chickens fed cottonseed meal was apparently first reported by Lamon and Lee (1917), and the responsible substance first identified as gossypol by Schaible, Moore and Moore (1934). The observations of Swenson, Fieger and Upp (1942) and of Heywang, Denton and Bird (1949) show that yolk discolorations attributable to gossypol may range from olive-green or light chocolate brown to nearly black.The portion of the gossypol extractable by aqueous acetone is defined as free-gossypol (American Oil Chemists’ Society, 1952). All the gossypol in meals can be recovered by use of the acid treatment prior to extraction with aqueous acetone. The difference in value …