Gordon Square Research Articles

Empowering local arts organizations and governance: The case of Gordon Square Arts District in Cleveland, Ohio

This study argues for the significance of the network governance model in bottom-up cultural district development aimed at neighborhood revitalization. This study, employing a multi-level policy design framework in a case study of the Gordon Square Arts District in Cleveland, Ohio, found that having a formalized governance structure and ongoing technical assistance empowered local arts organizations to succeed in advocating and bargaining for their organizational interests and needs as well as the broader needs of their community. Both network governance and technical assistance created more opportunities to achieve a relatively balanced power of cultural and non-cultural actors in decision-making on policy objectives, mechanisms, implementation tools, and solutions against the issue of marginalization caused by displacement via market-driven overdevelopment.

Virginia Woolf by Ira Nadel

 Reviews American reality. Wilson, the study argues, employs sympathetic but ultimately ineffectual characters to condemn kindness without justice and utilizes images of childhood innocence and naturalism to subvert conceptions of black unworthiness. A novel interpretation of Keckley’s memoir, reflecting her time as the Lincolns’ seamstress and servant, views black female textile production as a critique of white, normative aesthetics devaluing black creation, and the memoir’s deliberate use of epistolary evidence as exposing the unspoken racist and misogynistic notions beneath seemingly supportive assertions of liberalism. eories of sonicity and aurality are brought to bear on Anna Julia Cooper’s A Voice from the South, as Fox argues that music serves as an alternative rhetoric countering the vacuity of abstract political ideas that yield no meaningful social reform. Sherley Anne Williams ’s Dessa Rose is framed as the response to the call of the earlier texts. rough a politics of sound embracing spirituals, love songs, and call and response, the novel is seen as undermining conventional sign systems that demean black women. Placing these works in conversation reveals black women as activist theorists, not merely the objects of theory. At some points, the language of Resistance Reimagined is more complex than it needs to be. For instance: ‘e domain of resistive praxis subsequently takes on a proprietary cast, as an entity irretrievable beyond the bounds of outwardly incendiary transgression at the hands of embattled masses or of charismatic/celebrity male leadership via authorized avenues of dissent’ (p. ). Frequently one has the sense that new terminology is being applied to prevailing ideas. While not always novel, however, Resistance Reimagined is always informative. Photographs of the Sojourner Truth memorial and the Underground Railroad monument in Battlecreek , Michigan, of the Harriet Wilson monument in Milford, New Hampshire, and of a portrait of Anna Julia Cooper in doctoral regalia are among the items of visual evidence that add to an edifying argument. Relegating black women’s critiques to the societal margins will be impossible aer engaging with Fox’s analysis of the multiple forms through which black women contested injustice. E U V B Virginia Woolf . By I N. (Critical Lives) London: Reaktion Books. .  pp. £.. ISBN ––––. Biographies of Virginia Woolf cover a small but substantial shelf. Ira Nadel’s recent Virginia Woolf in Reaktion’s Critical Lives series contributes to this abundance by participating in the ‘spatial turn’ in literary studies. As Warf and Arias note in their Introduction to e Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (London: Routledge, ), ‘space is every bit as important as time in the unfolding of human affairs [. . .] where things happen is critical to knowing how and why they happen’ (p. ). We might see Woolf, especially in To the Lighthouse, prefiguring at least one of the emphases in this field: ‘the notion of the autonomous subject standing apart from the world he/she observes has come under question’ (p. ). Nadel structures the MLR, .,   biography into chapters focused on Woolf’s residences throughout her life—from  Hyde Park Gate as a child to Monk’s House in the last years of her life. is spatial organization allows Nadel to consider ‘Woolf’s use and need of place’ (p. ), for example in A Room of One’s Own, but also how ‘where she was defined who she might become’ (p. ). Nadel makes the most of this methodology. His chapter ‘ Gordon Square, –’ summarizes well the significance of this period to Woolf and her siblings by stressing how changes of London neighbourhood, architecture, and household arrangements—along with a string of family deaths—led to what we know by the spatial designation ‘Bloomsbury’. Using varied sources, including essays, memoirs and autobiographies, and critical works, Nadel provides a compressed and readable overview of the founding of Bloomsbury. One of the strongest sections of the volume is the exploration of photography’s meanings for Woolf; this appears in the final chapter, ‘Monk’s House II, –’. Nadel offers tantalizing biographical details: Woolf was ‘thrilled with Leonard’s purchase of a [. . .] Zeiss camera’ in  (p. ); she ‘refused to be photographed by Cecil Beaton and was furious at appearing in a collection of his images’ (p. ); she ‘asked Vita for [a photo...

Conviviality, disability and design in the city

Weaving together observations and insights from ethnographic research gathered over two years, this article considers how design and everyday life intertwine to create convivial places, but also pauses to take in the moments when tensions rise and conviviality fails. To illustrate, the article takes as an example the redevelopment of a small urban square in London, designed by landscape architects Gustafson Porter and completed in 2011. Gustafson Porter’s practice is deeply informed by inclusive design, and they strive to design barrier-free environments that ‘promote choice, flexibility of use and enable everyone to participate equally’. Taking in both the material design of the square and the social encounters that happen there, the article considers how inclusion and exclusion operate in a public space like General Gordon Square, and reflects on the challenges of making and maintaining conviviality. It suggests that inclusive design might be imagined as a vision of convivial culture in which we live together with difference.

Gordon Square Gardens: a hidden history: A Haven Close to the College.

On leaving the RCGP headquarters in Euston Square, turn right, cross Euston Road, walk a couple of blocks down Gordon Street, and you will arrive at a special place — Gordon Square Gardens. Gordon Square is best known and celebrated because of its history of famous residents, including members of the Bloomsbury group, who ‘lived in squares and loved in triangles’, such as the Bells, the Stephens (Virginia Woolf), Lytton Strachey, and the economist John Maynard Keynes and his Russian ballerina wife Lydia Lopokova.1 Less well known, there is something else quite special about Gordon Square Gardens. Its twin garden in Tavistock Square, 200 metres to the east (across from BMA House), has a formal Georgian design, dividing the space into four quadrants. In stark contrast, Gordon Square Gardens only has right angles in its corners, where they cannot be avoided. The rest of the space has little formal design, with curving paths, open grass, and scattered trees. The effect is informal and relaxing, with an ambience that is unusual in Central London. A kiosk selling …

Asymptotic estimate of eigenvalues of pseudo-differential operators in an interval

We prove a two-term Weyl-type asymptotic law, with error term O(1n), for the eigenvalues of the operator ψ(−Δ) in an interval, with zero exterior condition, for complete Bernstein functions ψ such that ξψ′(ξ) converges to infinity as ξ→∞. This extends previous results obtained by the authors for the fractional Laplace operator (ψ(ξ)=ξα/2) and for the Klein–Gordon square root operator (ψ(ξ)=(1+ξ2)1/2−1). The formula for the eigenvalues in (−a,a) is of the form λn=ψ(μn2)+O(1n), where μn is the solution of μn=nπ2a−1aϑ(μn), and ϑ(μ)∈[0,π2) is given as an integral involving ψ.

4th Annual Conference of the Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH), Agri-food policy and governance for nutrition and health, London, 3–4 June 2014

The agricultural sector is essential to human nutrition and health, but agricultural and food systems do not always contribute to positive nutritional outcomes. Given the global challenges such as fluctuating food prices, the slowdown of growth in agricultural productivity, food and nutrition insecurity, and attendant health problems of underweight, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases (DR-NCDs), there is an urgent need for effective interventions to make agriculture and food systems more “nutrition-sensitive” (Ruel and Alderman 2013). This requires strong governance, including institutional structures, and appropriate multiand cross-sectorial policymaking. However, our understanding of the diverse impacts, both positive and negative, of governance and policy on nutrition and health remains limited. Rarely is the evidence that has been collected about individual policy outcomes collated and analyzed together, with an overarching aim to improve governance in mind. Agri-health researchers have started to identify this gap and address the need for greater policy research (Hawkes et al. 2013). The core conceptual issues in current agriculture and health (agri-health) research relate to both specific topics and the methods used to pursue research regarding these topics. Questions central to agricultural and health research are: how agricultural production and food systems help mitigate the persistent public health problem of childhood under-nutrition as well as how they contribute to the prevention of obesity and NCDs (Gillespie et al. 2013; Hawkes 2007; Hawkes et al. 2012; Ruel and Alderman 2013). To address these topics there is a need for new and innovative research methods and thus both evidence of agri-health linkages and ways to further investigate these linkages are growing. Since 2011, LCIRAH has addressed the aforementioned core conceptual issues in agri-health research by hosting an annual international conference that has established itself as an important forum for bringing together researchers from around the world to examine critical issues in agriculture and health (Fig. 1) (Harris et al. 2013) With greater attention to agri-health as a research discipline and the inherent inextricable linkages between agriculture, food systems, nutrition and health the need to focus on related governance and policy issues has become more evident. This is clear from the novel methods proposed by public health experts to improve and increase the monitoring of agriculture and food policies to benefit public health (Swinburn et al. 2013); as well as from new initiatives to create interdisciplinary dialogue among the scientific, political and private sectors on the future of sustainable food systems (Fondazione Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition 2014; Stordalen Foundation & R. Kanter (*) :G. F. Augusto :H. L. Walls : S. Cuevas : A. Flores-Martinez : E. H. Morgan :M. Tak : F. Picchioni Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health – LCIRAH, LIDC, 36 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PD, UK e-mail: rkanter1@jhu.edu

Roman archaeology at the Institute: the early years

Sheppard Frere was Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire at Oxford from 1967 to his retirement in 1983, but most of his early career as a university teacher and scholar was spent at the Institute, where he was the first full-time Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces. Here he recalls his years at the Institute, from 1955 to 1966, first at St John’s Lodge and later in Gordon Square.

Life at the Institute of Archaeology, 1957-59

In the two previous issues of Archaeology International, life at the Institute in the 1950s was recalled by a former student, Peter Gathercole, and a former member of staff, Sheppard Frere. Charles Higham, who is now Professor of Anthropology at the University of Otago in New Zealand, studied for the diploma in Roman Archaeology at that time. He provides a student's counterpoint to the article by Professor Frere, based on impressions recorded in his diary, including the Institute's move in 1958 from Regent's Park to its new building in Gordon Square.

Syphilis revisited

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 149, Issue 1 p. 149-150 Letter to the Editor Syphilis revisited Garrard Cole, Corresponding Author Garrard Cole tcrngco@ucl.ac.uk University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, UK Ph: +44-(0)-20-7679-7495.University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorH.A. Waldron, H.A. Waldron University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, UKSearch for more papers by this author Garrard Cole, Corresponding Author Garrard Cole tcrngco@ucl.ac.uk University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, UK Ph: +44-(0)-20-7679-7495.University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorH.A. Waldron, H.A. Waldron University College London, Institute of Archaeology, London WC1H 0PY, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22084Citations: 5 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume149, Issue1September 2012Pages 149-150 RelatedInformation

P3‐275: Identifying dementia in deaf sign language users

DCAL, University College London, 49 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PD, UK Email: t.denmark@ucl.ac.uk SORD, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK Email: dwd@manchester.ac.uk This work is funded by the Alzheimer’s Society Background Tests used to identify dementia in users of spoken languages are unsuitable for Deaf people who use sign languages. British Sign Language (BSL) is unrelated to spoken English. Linguistic, cultural and educational differences mean that using interpreters or written English formats is unreliable and error prone, particularly as communication itself is part of the assessment. Diagnosis of deaf patients is typically late with adverse consequences for access to medication, rehabilitation and care planning. Establishing the norms of healthy ageing in the Deaf sign language community in respect of cognitive and linguistic functioning is a necessary precursor to the development of assessment tools that might be used to detect unusual changes associated with dementia. Here we present the first BSL cognitive screening test, akin to the widely used cognitive screens in the UK such as the Mini Mental State Examination and Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination (ACE-r, Mioshi, Dawson et al. 2006). We have begun using this test as part of routine clinical practice with Deaf patients at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in England.

The Past Beneath Our Feet: UCL's New Institute for Cultural Heritage Sits Upon a Considerable Sedimentary Heritage

Many members of college will know that as part of an array of inspiring major initiatives for UCL, a new institute, the Institute for Cultural Heritage, is to be built adjacent to the Bloomsbury Theatre on Gordon Street. The new IfCH will promote heritage globally and mark a new dimension for heritage studies in the College. Preparations are well advanced for the new build and some of you will have noticed the ground clearance and surveying activities going on at the site between the Bloomsbury Theatre and 26 Gordon Square; across the road is the Institute of Archaeology.

Comparative Anthropology and Human Inequality

Previous articleNext article No AccessComment: Intergenerational Wealth Transmission and Inequality in Premodern SocietiesComparative Anthropology and Human InequalityStephen Shennan Stephen ShennanInstitute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom ([email protected]). 12 X 09 Search for more articles by this author Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom ([email protected]). 12 X 09PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 51, Number 1February 2010 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/649566 Views: 126Total views on this site © 2010 by The Wenner‐Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Landscape History: Material and Metaphorical Regimes

My formative education in the history of architecture hap pened informally thirty years ago, when I was a somewhat pushy Ph.D. student in historical geography at University College London. Researching English Georgian landscape history, including garden history, I not only read widely in that English tradition of architectural writing that focuses on landscape as well as buildings, but discussed my ideas with the authors I admired (for their writing style as well as subject matter) who still worked in nearby Bloomsbury. Their offices ranged from pop to posh. I knocked on the doors of Reyner Banham at the Bartlett School, Gordon Square, and John Summerson at the Sir John Soane's Museum, Lincolns Inn Fields, and, in between, at the Architectural Association, Bedford Square, on that of Robin Evans, who introduced me to recent theoretical currents on space, vision, and perspective and whose work deserves to be better known beyond architectural studies. During this period, the mid-1970s, landscape was becoming a key multidisciplinary arena of research and scholarship. Some of the most influential new work was emerging from art historians and literary historians, includ ing Raymond Williams and John Barrell (whom I also imposed on at the time).1 For a few like-minded geogra phers, particularly Denis Cosgrove, the development of landscape as a focus was part of the reshaping of cultural geography as a field of research.2 An architectural dimen sion was critical in my own approach, as exemplified in my book Humphry Repton: Landscape Gardening and the Geogra phy of Georgian England (New Haven, 1999). Here land scape, indeed geography itself, was not just something outside a building, whether mansion or cottage, but articu lated in its interior space, especially through the placement of windows, mirrors, desks, chairs, doorways, and fireplaces. There is much scope here for conversation between cultural geographers who increasingly are drawn in from the great outdoors by domestic themes, and architectural historians who are attentive to the wider worlds implied in building design and fabrication?scholars such as Dianne Harris, Sandy Isenstadt, and Dell Upton. The prospect of multidisciplinary landscape research still seems bright, at least from my vantage point as newly appointed director of the Programme in Landscape and Environment for the U.K. Arts and Humanities Research

Notebook

The Royal Institute of Philosophy—Jacobsen FellowshipsThe Royal Institute of Philosophy Bursaries 2001–2002In accordance with the deed of trust made by the benefactor Mr. Jens Jacobsen, The Royal Institute of Philosophy is pleased to offer for the academic year 2001–2002 seven Royal Institute of Philosophy Jacobsen Fellowships for research in certain fundamental parts of philosophy. The Fellowships, of £5,000 each, will be for one year.The parts of philosophy are Speculative Metaphysics, Critical Metaphysics, the Philosophy of Mind, Epistemology, Philosophical Logic, Philosophy of Life, Determinism, the Nature of Life, Evolution, Moral Philosophy, Political and Social Philosophy. This list is in accordance with the philosophical interests of Mr. Jacobsen.In addition, postgraduates are offered eight Royal Institute of Philosophy Bursaries for 2001–2002 of £1,000 each, also for one year, but with no restrictions as to area of study. Candidates may be considered for both Fellowships and Bursaries, but if awarded a Fellowship, will not also be offered a Bursary.Fellowships and Bursaries will be available only to postgraduate students who have already completed at least one year of work for a higher degree in philosophy in a British University. In making the awards, in accordance with its own remit, The Royal Institute of Philosophy will be seeking candidates whose work, while rigorous, avoids needless technicality and is in the tradition of philosophy as a humane discipline.In order to be considered for Fellowships or Bursaries or, where appropriate, both, applicants should submit a curriculum vitae of not more than 1,000 words, together with a statement of not more than 500 words outlining their research project. They should also arrange for two academic referees from the institution at which they are currently studying to write on their behalf direct to The Royal Institute of Philosophy. Candidates will not normally be called for interview.No one will he awarded either a Fellowship or a Bursary who is in receipt of any other award for the academic year 2001–2002 of over £2,000. In view of this restriction, The Royal Institute of Philosophy will be unable to make its final decisions prior to the announcement of the British Academy/AHRB studentships in September 2001. In making their applications, candidates must notify the Institute of their contact address as it will be in September 2001; should their plans change the Institute must be informed immediately.Applications and references should be sent on or before June l, 2001 to The Secretary, The Royal Institute of Philosophy, 14 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AG.Jacobsen Fellowships 2000–2001The following were awarded Jacobsen Fellowships of £5,000 each for 2000–2001:Ian Brassington – University of BirminghamChristopher Ellis – University of EssexWilliam Fish – University of NottinghamThomas Hart – University of DurhamJulian Kiverstein – University of EdinburghGianmatteo Mameli – King's College, LondonCyrus Panjvani – University of St AndrewsRoyal Institute of Philosophy Bursaries 2000–2001The following were awarded Royal Institute of Philosophy Bursaries of £1,000 each:S. R. Bamford – University of DurhamNils Kürbis – University of Wales, LampeterDavid Levy – King's College, LondonStefano Manfredi – University of SheffieldPatrice Philie – University of St AndrewsDawn Philips – University of DurhamThe British Academy – Bayes's Theorem SymposiumThe British Academy is holding a one day symposium on Bayes's Theorem at 10 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1, on Saturday March 10th, 2001, starting at 10am. The main speakers will be Elliott Sober, Colin Howson, Philip Dawid and John Earman. Details from The British Academy, 10 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AH (telephone: 020 7969 5200, email: r.lambeth@britac.ac.uk). Admission will be free, but prior registration is essential.

Notebook

NotebookRoyal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series, 2000–2001Logic, Thought and Language200013 October Mark Sainsbury What Logic Should We Think With?20 October Gregory McCulloch Mental Representation27 October Julia Tanney Self-Knowledge, Normativity, and Construction3 November Barry Smith Thought and Language10 November Alan Millar The Normativity of Intention and Meaning17 November Gabriel Segal On the Semantics of Proper Names24 November David Wiggins Indefinables1 December Jennifer Hornsby Linguistic Knowhow8 December Crispin Wright Relativism and Classical Knowledge15 December Paul Boghossian Rational Belief20015 January Christopher Peacocke Principles for Possibilia12 January A. W. Moore What Are These familiar Words Doing Here?26 January M. G. F. Martin Particular Thoughts and Singular Thought9 February Scott Surgeon The Conditionality of Thought16 February Timothy Williamson Possible Beings23 February S. G. Williams Ambiguity2 March Bob Hale Logical Knowledge9 March Charles Travis Rethinking PsychologismAll Lectures to be given at 14 Gordon Square, London WC1 on Fridays at 5.45 pm. Admission is free.The Fourth Royal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture will be given by Professor John Searle‘Freedom of the Will As a Problem in Neurobiology’Beveridge Hall, Senate House, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1, on Friday 2 February at 5.30. Admission is free.

Notebook

NotebookRoyal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series, 2000–2001Logic, Thought and Language200013 October Mark Sainsbury What Logic Should We Think With?20 October Gregory McCulloch Mental Representation27 October Julia Tanney Self-Knowledge, Normativity, and Construction3 November Barry Smith Thought and Language10 November Alan Millar The Normativity of Intention and Meaning17 November Gabriel Segal tba24 November David Wiggins tba1 December Crispin Wright Relativism and Classical Logic8 December Jennifer Hornsby Communication200119 January Christopher Peacocke tba26 January M. G. F. Martin Language2 February A. W. Moore What Are These familiar Words Doing Here?9 February Scott Surgeon The Conditionality of Thought16 February Timothy Williamson Possible Beings23 February S. G. Williams Ambiguity2 March Bob Hale Logical Knowledge9 March Charles Travis Rethinking Psychologism16 March Paul Boghossian Rational BeliefAll Lectures to be given at 14 Gordon Square, London WC1 on Fridays at 5.45 pm. Admission is free.

Booknotes

There is no respite in the production of philosophical door-stoppers. Despite our animadversions in April 1995, at times it seems that 14, Gordon Square is submerged beneath an avalanche of Companions, Readers, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Guides, and now a new series: The Big Questions. All worthy stuff, but rarely original or idiosyncratic or even interesting, geared as so much of it is to the textbook market.

Notebook

Royal Institute of Philosophy BursariesThe Royal Institute of Philosophy proposes to make available annually four bursaries of £1,000 each, to be awarded to students who are already on courses of postgraduate study (e.g. MA, MPhil, PhD, DPhil, BPhil) in British Universities.The aim of the scheme is to assist students of promise and of proven postgraduate ability to continue or complete their courses of study or dissertations. Each Bursary will last for one year and will not be renewable, although successful candidates from one year will be able to re-apply for a second bursary in a succeeding year (to a maximum of two bursaries in toto).In order to apply, a candidate must submit a CV, a 1-2 page account of his or her future research and/or programme of study and the names of two academic referees from the institution at which he or she is currently studying. At the end of their tenure of a bursary, successful candidates will be expected to make a report to the Royal Institute of Philosophy on their academic progress.Candidates will not normally be called for interview. In making the awards, the Royal Institute of Philosophy will attempt to select one candidate annually from each of the following subdivisions of philosophy:1. Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Science2. Philosophical Logic, Philosophies of Mind and Language3. Moral and Political Philosophy4. Aesthetics, Philosophy of Religion, Law and History (These areas may be treated by reference to the History of Philosophy).The bursaries will run from the beginning to the end of the academic year and will begin in September 1998. Those who wish to apply for the 1998-99 awards should submit their applications by 1 May, 1998 to the Secretary, Royal Institute of Philosophy, 14, Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AG. Those applying will be notified of the decision of the Royal Institute of Philosophy in July, 1998.

Molecular Dynamics on an Excel Spreadsheet

Abstract It is just 25 years since one of us submitted a Thesis describing molecular dynamics simulations which had been performed on the Atlas computer in London [1]. The Atlas occupied the whole ground floor of a large building at the London Institute of Computer Science in Gordon Square, and was one of only two computers in the UK at the time capable of serious MD simulations. Typically, an MD computation reported in 1970 for the equilibrium properties of one V-T state point of a 108-molecule system would use tens of hours of low-demand cpu-time every weekend (free to University ‘large users’), and would take several months! The commercial cost of one such computation in real terms would now be £millions!

The Kronecker product of two 2 × 2 matrices, Lorentz transformations, and the structure of space-time in special relativity: C. S. Sharma. Mathematical Research Unit, University of London, Birkbeck College, 43 Gordon Square, London WC1H OPD, England

The Kronecker product of two 2 × 2 matrices, Lorentz transformations, and the structure of space-time in special relativity: C. S. Sharma. Mathematical Research Unit, University of London, Birkbeck College, 43 Gordon Square, London WC1H OPD, England